Romans 16
16
Personal Greetings
1I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a servant#16:1 Or deaconess of the church at #Acts 18:18Cenchreae, 2that you #Phil. 2:29may welcome her in the Lord in a way worthy of the saints, and help her in whatever she may need from you, for she has been a patron of many and of myself as well.
3Greet #See Acts 18:2Prisca and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus, 4who risked their necks for my life, to whom not only I give thanks but all the churches of the Gentiles give thanks as well. 5Greet also #1 Cor. 16:19; [Col. 4:15; Philem. 2] the church in their house. Greet my beloved Epaenetus, who was #[1 Cor. 16:15]the first convert#16:5 Greek firstfruit to Christ in Asia. 6Greet Mary, who has worked hard for you. 7Greet Andronicus and Junia,#16:7 Or Junias my kinsmen and my #Col. 4:10; Philem. 23fellow prisoners. They are well known to the apostles,#16:7 Or messengers and they were in Christ before me. 8Greet Ampliatus, my beloved in the Lord. 9Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in Christ, and my beloved Stachys. 10Greet Apelles, who is approved in Christ. Greet those #1 Cor. 1:11who belong to the family of Aristobulus. 11Greet my kinsman Herodion. Greet those in the Lord who belong to the family of Narcissus. 12Greet those workers in the Lord, Tryphaena and Tryphosa. Greet the beloved Persis, who has worked hard in the Lord. 13Greet Rufus, chosen in the Lord; also his mother, who has been a mother to me as well. 14Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers#16:14 Or brothers and sisters; also verse 17 who are with them. 15Greet Philologus, Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them. 16#1 Cor. 16:20; 2 Cor. 13:12; 1 Thess. 5:26; [1 Pet. 5:14]Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.
Final Instructions and Greetings
17I appeal to you, brothers, to watch out for those who cause divisions and create obstacles #1 Tim. 1:3; 6:3 contrary to the doctrine that you have been taught; #See 2 John 10avoid them. 18For such persons do not serve our Lord Christ, but #Phil. 3:19; [2 Tim. 3:4; Titus 1:12] their own appetites,#16:18 Greek their own belly and #Col. 2:4; 2 Pet. 2:3by smooth talk and flattery they deceive the hearts of the naive. 19For #ch. 1:8 your obedience is known to all, so that I rejoice over you, but I want you #[Jer. 4:22]; See Matt. 10:16to be wise as to what is good and innocent as to what is evil. 20#See ch. 15:33 The God of peace #Gen. 3:15; [Luke 10:17-19; Rev. 12:11] will soon crush Satan under your feet. #1 Cor. 16:23The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you.
21 # See Acts 16:1 Timothy, my fellow worker, greets you; so do Lucius and Jason and Sosipater, my kinsmen.
22I Tertius, #See 1 Cor. 16:21who wrote this letter, greet you in the Lord.
23 #
1 Cor. 1:14; [Acts 19:29; 20:4; 3 John 1] Gaius, who is host to me and to the whole church, greets you. Erastus, the city treasurer, and our brother Quartus, greet you.#16:23 Some manuscripts insert verse 24: The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen
Doxology
25 #
Eph. 3:20; Jude 24 Now to him who is able to strengthen you #See ch. 2:16 according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, #1 Cor. 2:1; 4:1; Eph. 1:9; 3:3-5; 5:32; 6:19 according to the revelation of the mystery #[1 Cor. 2:7] that was kept secret for #2 Tim. 1:9; Titus 1:2long ages 26but #Col. 1:26; 2 Tim. 1:10; Titus 1:3 has now been disclosed and through the prophetic writings has been made known to all nations, according to the command of the eternal God, #[Col. 1:6]; See ch. 1:5to bring about the obedience of faith— 27to #1 Tim. 1:17; 6:16 the only wise God #See ch. 11:36be glory forevermore through Jesus Christ! Amen.
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Romans 16
16
Greetings and Love Expressed
1Now I introduce and commend to you our sister #16:1 Phoebe (“bright,” “pure”) was chosen by Paul as his emissary to deliver this letter to Rome. She may have held a recognized position within the church.Phoebe, a deaconess (servant) of the church at #16:1 Cenchrea, a few miles east of Corinth, served as Corinth’s port and was probably visited by Paul during both his second and third missionary journeys. This letter was written from Corinth near the end of the third journey.Cenchrea, 2that you may receive her in the Lord [with love and hospitality], as #16:2 Lit the saints.God’s people ought to receive one another. And that you may help her in whatever matter she may require assistance from you, for she has been a helper of many, including myself.
3Greet Prisca and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus, 4who risked their own necks [endangering their very lives] for my life. To them not only do I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles. 5Also greet the church that meets in their house. Greet my beloved Epaenetus, who is the first convert to Christ from [the west coast province of] Asia [Minor]. 6Greet Mary, who has worked so hard for you. 7Greet Andronicus and #16:7 Or Junia (feminine). There is a higher probability that the name is feminine; no masculine forms found in this or near time periods.Junias, my kinsmen and [once] my fellow prisoners, who are held in high esteem #16:7 The Greek and larger context favor this understanding; Andronicus and Junia are not identified as apostles here.in the estimation of the apostles, and who were [believers] in Christ before me. 8Greet Ampliatus, my beloved in the Lord. 9Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in Christ, and my beloved Stachys. 10Greet Apelles, the one tested and approved in Christ. Greet those who belong to the household of #16:10 Believed by some scholars to be the brother of Herod Agrippa I and grandson of Herod the Great.Aristobulus. 11Greet my kinsman Herodion. Greet those of the household of Narcissus, who are in the Lord. 12Greet those workers in the Lord, Tryphaena and Tryphosa. Greet my beloved Persis, who has worked hard in the Lord. 13Greet Rufus, an eminent and choice man in the Lord, also his mother [who has been] a mother to me as well. 14Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers who are with them. 15Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all #16:15 Lit the saints.God’s people who are with them. 16Greet one another with a #16:16 A traditional act of salutation in the early church.holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.
17I urge you, brothers and sisters, to keep your eyes on those who cause dissensions and create obstacles or introduce temptations [for others] to commit sin, [acting in ways] contrary to the doctrine which you have learned. Turn away from them. 18For such people do not serve our Lord Christ, but their own appetites and base desires. By smooth and flattering speech they deceive the hearts of the unsuspecting [the innocent and the naive]. 19For the report of your obedience has reached everyone, so that I rejoice over you, but I want you to be wise in what is good and innocent in what is evil. 20The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet.
The [wonderful] grace of our Lord Jesus be with you.
21Timothy, my fellow worker, sends his greetings to you, as do Lucius, Jason and Sosipater, my kinsmen.
22I, #16:22 Paul’s helper, who wrote this letter as Paul dictated it, inserted a personal greeting, undoubtedly with Paul’s permission.Tertius, the writer (scribe) of this letter, greet you in the Lord.
23Gaius, who is host to me and to the whole church here, greets you. Erastus, the city treasurer, and our brother Quartus, greet you. 24#16:24 Early mss do not contain this verse; it was taken from the Latin Vulgate.[The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.]
25Now to Him who is able to establish and strengthen you [in the faith] according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery [of the plan of salvation] which has been kept secret for long ages past, 26but now has been disclosed and through the prophetic Scriptures has been made known to all the nations, according to the commandment of the eternal God, leading them to obedience to the faith, 27to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ, be the glory forevermore! Amen.
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