Luke 23
23
Jesus Before Pilate
1 #
Matt. 27:2; Mark 15:1; John 18:28 Then the whole company of them arose and brought him before Pilate. 2And they began to accuse him, saying, “We found this man #ver. 14; [Acts 17:6, 7; 24:5] misleading our nation and #[ch. 20:25] forbidding us to give tribute to #ch. 2:1; 3:1 Caesar, and saying that he himself is Christ, #John 18:33, 36, 37; 19:12; [Acts 17:7]a king.” 3#Matt. 27:11; Mark 15:2 And Pilate asked him, #ver. 37, 38; Matt. 2:2; John 18:39; 19:3 “Are you the King of the Jews?” And he answered him, #See ch. 22:70“You have said so.” 4Then Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowds, #ver. 14, 22; John 18:38; 19:4, 6; [Matt. 27:24; 1 Pet. 2:22]“I find no guilt in this man.” 5But they were urgent, saying, “He stirs up the people, teaching throughout all Judea, #ch. 4:14; Matt. 4:12, 23; Mark 1:14; John 1:43; 2:11from Galilee even to this place.”
Jesus Before Herod
6When Pilate heard this, he asked whether the man was a Galilean. 7And when he learned that he belonged to #See ch. 3:1Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him over to Herod, who was himself in Jerusalem at that time. 8When Herod saw Jesus, he was very glad, #ch. 9:9 for he had long desired to see him, #Matt. 14:1; Mark 6:14 because he had heard about him, and he was hoping #See Matt. 12:38to see some sign done by him. 9So he questioned him at some length, but he made no answer. 10The chief priests and the scribes stood by, vehemently accusing him. 11And Herod with his soldiers #Mark 9:12; Acts 4:11 treated him with contempt and #ch. 18:32 mocked him. Then, #[Matt. 27:28; Mark 15:17]arraying him in splendid clothing, he sent him back to Pilate. 12And #Acts 4:27; [Ps. 2:2]Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day, for before this they had been at enmity with each other.
13Pilate then called together the chief priests and #See ch. 24:20the rulers and the people, 14and said to them, “You brought me this man #ver. 2 as one who was misleading the people. And #Acts 3:13 after examining him before you, behold, I #ver. 4did not find this man guilty of any of your charges against him. 15Neither did Herod, for #ver. 11he sent him back to us. Look, nothing deserving death has been done by him. 16#ver. 22; John 19:1; [Acts 5:40]I will therefore punish and release him.”#23:16 Here, or after verse 19, some manuscripts add verse 17: Now he was obliged to release one man to them at the festival
Pilate Delivers Jesus to Be Crucified
18 # For ver. 18-25, see Matt. 27:15-26; Mark 15:6-15; John 18:39, 40; 19:16 But they all cried out together, #[Acts 21:36; 22:22]“Away with this man, and release to us Barabbas”— 19a man who had been thrown into prison for an insurrection started in the city and #Acts 3:14for murder. 20Pilate addressed them once more, desiring to release Jesus, 21but they kept shouting, “Crucify, crucify him!” 22A third time he said to them, “Why? #[ver. 41; John 8:46] What evil has he done? #ver. 14, 15 I have found in him no guilt deserving death. #ver. 16I will therefore punish and release him.” 23But they were urgent, demanding with loud cries that he should be crucified. And their voices prevailed. 24So Pilate decided that their demand should be granted. 25He released the man who had been thrown into prison #ver. 19 for insurrection and murder, for whom they asked, #John 19:16but he delivered Jesus over to their will.
The Crucifixion
26 #
Matt. 27:32; Mark 15:21; [John 19:17] And as they led him away, they seized one Simon of Cyrene, who was coming in from the country, and laid on him the cross, to carry it behind Jesus. 27And there followed him a great multitude of the people and of women who were #ch. 8:52; Matt. 11:17mourning and lamenting for him. 28But turning to them Jesus said, “Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children. 29For behold, #See ch. 17:22 the days are coming when they will say, #ch. 21:23; Matt. 24:19; Mark 13:17‘Blessed are the barren and the wombs that never bore and the breasts that never nursed!’ 30#Hos. 10:8; Rev. 6:16; [Isa. 2:19]Then they will begin to say to the mountains, ‘Fall on us,’ and to the hills, ‘Cover us.’ 31For #[Prov. 11:31; 1 Pet. 4:17] if they do these things when #Ezek. 20:47the wood is green, what will happen #Ezek. 20:47when it is dry?”
32 #
Matt. 27:38; Mark 15:27; John 19:18; [Matt. 20:21] Two others, who were criminals, were led away to be put to death with him. 33#Matt. 27:33; Mark 15:22; John 19:17 And when they came to the place that is called The Skull, there they crucified him, and the criminals, #[See ver. 32 above]one on his right and one on his left. 34And Jesus said, “Father, #Isa. 53:12; See Matt. 5:44 forgive them, #[Mark 10:38]; See Acts 3:17 for they know not what they do.”#23:34 Some manuscripts omit the sentence And Jesus . . . what they do And they cast lots #Ps. 22:18; Matt. 27:35; Mark 15:24; John 19:23to divide his garments. 35And #Ps. 22:7, 17 the people stood by, watching, #Matt. 27:41, 42; Mark 15:31, 32 but #See ch. 24:20 the rulers #ch. 16:14 scoffed at him, saying, #[ch. 4:23] “He saved others; #[Matt. 26:53, 54; John 10:18] let him save himself, #[ch. 4:3, 9] if he is #See ch. 9:20; Matt. 1:17 the Christ of God, #ch. 9:35; Isa. 42:1; [Matt. 12:18; 1 Pet. 2:4]his Chosen One!” 36The soldiers also mocked him, coming up and #[Ps. 69:21; Matt. 27:48; Mark 15:36; John 19:29]offering him sour wine 37and saying, #ver. 35 “If you are #See ver. 3the King of the Jews, save yourself!” 38#Matt. 27:37; Mark 15:26; John 19:19; [John 19:21, 22] There was also an inscription over him,#23:38 Some manuscripts add in letters of Greek and Latin and Hebrew “This is #[See ver. 37 above]the King of the Jews.”
39 # [Matt. 27:44; Mark 15:32] One of the criminals who were hanged #See Matt. 27:39 railed at him,#23:39 Or blasphemed him saying, “Are you not #ver. 35, 37the Christ? Save yourself and us!” 40But the other rebuked him, saying, “Do you not fear God, since you are under the same sentence of condemnation? 41And we indeed justly, for we are receiving the due reward of our deeds; but this man has done nothing wrong.” 42And he said, “Jesus, remember me #[Matt. 16:28]when you come into your kingdom.” 43And he said to him, “Truly, I say to you, today you will be with me in #2 Cor. 12:3; Rev. 2:7paradise.”
The Death of Jesus
44 #
Matt. 27:45; Mark 15:33; [John 19:14] It was now about the sixth hour,#23:44 That is, noon and there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour,#23:44 That is, 3 p.m. 45while the sun’s light failed. And #Ex. 26:31-33; 2 Chr. 3:14the curtain of the temple was torn in two. 46Then Jesus, #[Matt. 27:50; Mark 15:37; John 19:30] calling out with a loud voice, said, “Father, #Cited from Ps. 31:5; [Acts 7:59] into your hands I #1 Pet. 4:19 commit my spirit!” And having said this #[John 10:18]he breathed his last. 47Now #Matt. 27:54; Mark 15:39 when the centurion saw what had taken place, #See ch. 7:16he praised God, saying, “Certainly this man was innocent!” 48And all the crowds that had assembled for this spectacle, when they saw what had taken place, returned home #ch. 18:13beating their breasts. 49And all #Ps. 88:8 his acquaintances and #ver. 55; John 19:25; See ch. 8:2 the women who had followed him from Galilee #Ps. 38:11stood at a distance watching these things.
Jesus Is Buried
50 # For ver. 50-56, see Matt. 27:57-61; Mark 15:42-47; John 19:38-42 Now there was a man named Joseph, from the Jewish town of Arimathea. He was a member of the council, a good and righteous man, 51who had not consented to their decision and action; and he #ch. 2:25, 38was looking for the kingdom of God. 52This man went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. 53Then he took it down and wrapped it in a linen shroud and #[Isa. 53:9] laid him in a tomb cut in stone, #[Mark 11:2]where no one had ever yet been laid. 54It was the day of #See Matt. 27:62Preparation, and the Sabbath was beginning.#23:54 Greek was dawning 55#Matt. 28:1 The women #ver. 49who had come with him from Galilee followed and saw the tomb and how his body was laid. 56Then they returned and #ch. 24:1; Mark 16:1; [John 19:39] prepared spices and ointments.
On the Sabbath they rested #Ex. 20:10; Deut. 5:14according to the commandment.
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Luke 23
23
Jesus before Pilate
1Then the whole assembly got up and brought Him before Pilate. 2They began to accuse Jesus, asserting, “We found this Man misleading and perverting our nation and forbidding us to pay taxes to Caesar, and claiming that He Himself is Christ (the Messiah, the Anointed), a King.” [Matt 27:11-14; Mark 15:2-5; John 18:29-37] 3So Pilate asked Him, “Are You the King of the Jews?” And He answered him, “It is just as you say.” 4Then Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowds, “I find no guilt in this Man.” 5But they were insistent and said, “He stirs up the people [to rebel], teaching throughout Judea, starting from Galilee even as far as here [in Jerusalem].”
6When Pilate heard it, he asked whether the man was a Galilean. 7And when he learned that He belonged to the jurisdiction of #23:7 See note Matt 22:17.Herod [Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee], he sent Him to Herod, who was also in Jerusalem at that time.
Jesus before Herod
8When Herod saw Jesus, he was exceedingly pleased. He had wanted to see Him for a long time because of what he had heard about Him, and was hoping to see some [miraculous] sign [even something spectacular] done by Him. 9And he questioned Him at some length, but Jesus made no reply. [Is 53:7] 10The chief priests and the scribes were standing there, continually accusing Him heatedly. 11And Herod with his soldiers, after treating Him with contempt and mocking and ridiculing Him, dressed Him in a gorgeous robe and sent Him back to Pilate. [Is 53:8] 12Now that very day Herod and Pilate became friends with each other—before this they had been enemies.
Pilate Seeks Jesus’ Release
13Pilate summoned the chief priests and the rulers and the people, 14and said to them, “You brought this man before me as one who corrupts and incites the people to rebellion. After examining Him before you, I have found no guilt in this Man regarding the charges which you make against Him. 15No, nor has Herod, for he sent Him back to us; and indeed, He has done nothing to deserve death. 16Therefore I will punish Him [to teach Him a lesson] and release Him.” 17#23:17 Most early mss do not contain this verse.[Now he was obligated to release to them one prisoner at the Feast.]
18But they [loudly] shouted out all together, saying, “Away with this Man, and release Barabbas to us!” [Matt 27:15-26; Mark 15:6-15; John 18:39-19:16] 19(He was one who had been thrown into prison for an insurrection that happened in the city, and for murder.) 20Pilate addressed them again, wanting to release Jesus, 21but they kept shouting out, “Crucify, crucify Him!” 22A third time he said to them, “Why, what wrong has He done? I have found no guilt [no crime, no offense] in Him demanding death; therefore I will punish Him [to teach Him a lesson] and release Him.” 23But they were insistent and unrelenting, demanding with loud voices that Jesus be crucified. And their voices began to prevail and accomplish their purpose. 24Pilate pronounced sentence that their demand be granted. 25And he released the man they were asking for who had been thrown into prison for insurrection and murder, but he handed over Jesus to their will.
Simon Bears the Cross
26When they led Him away, they seized a man, #23:26 The father of Alexander and Rufus, disciples in Rome.Simon of #23:26 A port city in north Africa.Cyrene, who was coming in [to the city] from the country, and #23:26 The crossbeam was usually placed on the nape of the neck like a yoke.placed on him the cross to carry behind Jesus. [Matt 27:32; Mark 15:21]
27Following Him was a large crowd of the people, including women who were mourning and wailing for Him. 28But Jesus, turning toward them, said, “Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for Me, but weep for yourselves and for your children. 29For behold, the days are coming when they will say, ‘Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that have not given birth, and the breasts that have never nursed.’ 30Then they will begin to say to the mountains, ‘Fall on us!’ and to the hills, ‘Cover us!’ [Is 2:19, 20; Hos 10:8; Rev 6:16] 31#23:31 A proverb meaning if the innocent has to suffer what will happen to the guilty.For if they do these things when the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry?”
32Two others also, who were criminals, were being led away to be executed with Him. [Is 53:12]
The Crucifixion
33When they came to the place called #23:33 Latin: Calvarius; or Calvary; Aram: Golgotha; Greek: Kranion.The Skull, there they crucified Him and the criminals, one on the right and one on the left. [Matt 27:33-44; Mark 15:22-32; John 19:17-24] 34#23:34 Some early mss do not contain the words “And Jesus was saying…doing.”And Jesus was saying, “Father, forgive them; for they do not know what they are doing.” And they cast lots, dividing His clothes among themselves. [Ps 22:18] 35Now the people stood by, watching; but even the rulers ridiculed and sneered at Him, saying, “He saved others [from death]; let Him save Himself if He is the Christ (the Messiah, the Anointed) of God, His Chosen One.” 36The soldiers also mocked Him, coming up to Him and [cruelly] offering Him sour wine, [Ps 69:21; Matt 27:48; Mark 15:36f; John 19:29, 30] 37and sarcastically saying, “If you are [really] the King of the Jews, save Yourself [from death]!” 38Now there was also an inscription above Him: “THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.”
39One of the criminals who had been hanged [on a cross beside Him] kept hurling abuse at Him, saying, “Are You not the Christ? Save Yourself and us [from death]!” 40But the other one rebuked him, saying, “Do you not even fear God, since you are under the same sentence of condemnation? 41We are suffering justly, because we are getting what we deserve for what we have done; but this Man has done nothing wrong.” 42And he was saying, “Jesus, [please] remember me when You come into Your kingdom!” 43Jesus said to him, “I assure you and most solemnly say to you, today you will be with Me in #23:43 I.e. possibly the third heaven, the special place or “garden” (Gen 2:8-10) between death and resurrection.Paradise.” [2 Cor 12:4; Rev 2:7]
44It was now about the sixth hour (noon), and darkness came over the whole land until the ninth hour (3:00 p.m.), [Matt 27:45-56; Mark 15:33-41; John 19:14] 45because the sun was #23:45 Lit failing. The language that Luke uses is found elsewhere in Greek literature to describe an eclipse.obscured; and the veil [of the Holy of Holies] of the temple was #23:45 The tearing of the veil established the institution of a new, direct way of communication between God and mankind. The sacrificial death of Christ nullified the need for priestly intervention between God and man, and abolished the need for animal sacrifice.torn in two [from top to bottom]. [Ex 26:31-35] 46And Jesus, crying out with a loud voice, said, “Father, into Your hands I commit My spirit!” Having said this, He breathed His last. [Ps 31:5] 47Now when the centurion saw what had taken place, he began praising and honoring God, saying, “Certainly this Man was innocent.” 48All the crowds who had gathered for this spectacle, when they saw what had happened, began to return [to their homes], beating their breasts [as a sign of mourning or repentance]. 49And all His acquaintances and the women who had accompanied Him from Galilee were standing at a distance, watching these things.
Jesus Is Buried
50A man named Joseph, who was a member of the Council (Sanhedrin, Jewish High Court), a good and honorable man [Matt 27:57-61; Mark 15:42-47; John 19:38-42] 51(he had not consented to the Council’s plan and action) a man from Arimathea, a city of the Jews, who was waiting for and expecting the kingdom of God; 52this man went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. 53And [after receiving permission] he took it down and wrapped it in a linen [burial] cloth and laid Him in a tomb cut into the rock, where no one had yet been laid. 54It was the day of preparation [for the Sabbath], and the Sabbath was dawning. 55Now the women who had come with Him from Galilee followed [closely], and saw the tomb and how His body was laid. 56Then they went back and prepared spices and ointments and sweet-smelling herbs.
And on the Sabbath they rested in accordance with the commandment [forbidding work]. [Ex 12:16; 20:10]
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