Leviticus 5
5
Special Cases for Purification Offerings.#This differs from the prescriptions for purification offerings in chap. 4 by listing four specific wrongs for which a purification offering is brought and allowing the substitution of birds and grain offerings in the case of poverty. 1If a person, either having seen or come to know something, does wrong by refusing as a witness under oath to give information,#Jgs 17:2–3; Prv 29:24. that individual shall bear the penalty; 2or if someone, without being aware of it, touches any unclean thing, such as the carcass of an unclean wild animal, or an unclean domestic animal, or an unclean swarming creature,#Swarming creature: a rather imprecise categorization that includes various small creatures in the seas, such as fish that go about in large groups or swarms (Gn 1:20; Lv 11:10); or, similarly, various winged insects that mass in the skies (Lv 11:20; Dt 14:19); and, finally, various small creatures that move in swarms on land, whether crawlers, quadrupeds, or of the multilegged variety (Lv 11:41–42). According to 11:29–30, even various rodents and lizards can be included in this category. and thus is unclean and guilty;#Lv 11:1–45; 15:31; 17:15–16. 3or if someone, without being aware of it, touches some human uncleanness,#Lv 12:4; 13:35–36; 15:2–12, 19–27; Nm 19:14–22. whatever kind of uncleanness this may be, and then subsequently becomes aware of guilt; 4or if someone, without being aware of it, rashly utters an oath with bad or good intent,#Nm 30:3; Jgs 11:30–36; 1 Sm 14:24–30; Mk 6:23–26; Acts 23:12. whatever kind of oath this may be, and then subsequently becomes aware of guilt in regard to any of these matters— 5when someone is guilty in regard to any of these matters, that person shall confess the wrong committed, 6and make reparation to the Lord for the wrong committed: a female animal from the flock, a ewe lamb or a she-goat, as a purification offering. Thus the priest shall make atonement on the individual’s behalf for the wrong.
7If, however, the person cannot afford an animal of the flock,#Cf. Lv 5:11; 12:8; 14:21. that person shall bring to the Lord as reparation for the wrong committed two turtledoves or two pigeons, one for a purification offering and the other for a burnt offering. 8The guilty party shall bring them to the priest, who shall offer the one for the purification offering first.#Lv 1:14–17. Wringing its head at the neck, yet without breaking it off, 9he shall sprinkle some of the blood of the purification offering against the side of the altar. The rest of the blood shall be drained out against the base of the altar. It is a purification offering. 10The other bird he shall offer as a burnt offering according to procedure. Thus the priest shall make atonement on the person’s behalf for the wrong committed, so that the individual may be forgiven.
11If the person is unable to afford even two turtledoves or two pigeons, that person shall bring as an offering for the wrong committed one tenth of an ephah#Ephah: see note on Is 5:10. of bran flour for a purification offering. The guilty party shall not put oil or place frankincense on it, because it is a purification offering.#Lv 2:1–3; Nm 5:15. 12The individual shall bring it to the priest, who shall take a handful as a token of the offering and burn it on the altar with the other oblations for the Lord. It is a purification offering. 13Thus the priest shall make atonement on the person’s behalf for the wrong committed in any of the above cases, so that the individual may be forgiven. The rest of the offering, like the grain offering, shall belong to the priest.
Reparation Offerings.#This last half of the chapter deals with a distinct sacrifice, the reparation offering (Heb. ’asham). The Hebrew root for this term has a basic meaning of “be guilty.” The noun can have a consequential sense of “that which is due from guilt,” i.e., “compensation, indemnification, reparation”; hence the translation “reparation offering,” rather than the alternatives “guilt offering” or “trespass offering.” This offering is brought most often in cases of sacrilege. 14The Lord said to Moses: 15#Lv 7:1–6; Nm 5:5–8. When a person commits sacrilege by inadvertently misusing any of the Lord’s sacred objects,#Lv 22:14. the wrongdoer shall bring to the Lord as reparation an unblemished ram from the flock, at the established value#At the established value: the Hebrew term ‘erkĕkā, which in context means “(established) value,” may indicate that a person could bring the monetary equivalent of a ram instead of an actual animal. See vv. 18, 25. in silver shekels according to the sanctuary shekel, as a reparation offering. 16The wrongdoer shall also restore what has been misused of the sacred objects, adding a fifth of its value,#Lv 22:14; 27:13, 15, 19, 27. and give this to the priest. Thus the priest shall make atonement for the person with the ram of the reparation offering, so that the individual may be forgiven.
17If someone does wrong and violates one of the Lord’s prohibitions without realizing it, that person is guilty#Ps 19:13; Jb 1:5. and shall bear the penalty. 18The individual shall bring to the priest an unblemished ram of the flock, at the established value, for a reparation offering. The priest shall then make atonement on the offerer’s behalf for the error inadvertently and unknowingly committed so that the individual may be forgiven. 19It is a reparation offering. The individual must make reparation to the Lord.
20The Lord said to Moses: 21When someone does wrong and commits sacrilege against the Lord by deceiving#Ps 59:13; Hos 4:2. a neighbor about a deposit or a pledge or a stolen article, or by otherwise retaining a neighbor’s goods unjustly;#Ex 22:6–12. 22or if, having found a lost article, the person lies about it, swearing falsely about any of the things that a person may do wrong— 23when someone has thus done wrong and is guilty, that person shall restore the thing that was stolen, the item unjustly retained, the item left as deposit, or the lost article that was found 24or whatever else the individual swore falsely about. That person shall make full restitution of the thing itself, and add one fifth of its value to it, giving it to its owner at the time of reparation. 25Then that person shall bring to the priest as reparation to the Lord an unblemished ram of the flock, at the established value, as a reparation offering. 26The priest shall make atonement on the person’s behalf before the Lord, so that the individual may be forgiven for whatever was done to incur guilt.
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Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Inc
Leviticus 5
5
More Laws Regarding Sin Offerings
1“ ‘When a person#Or “a soul” sins in that#Or “and” he hears the utterance of a curse and he is a witness or he sees or he knows, if he does not make it known, then#Or “and” he shall bear his guilt. 2Or if a person#Or “a soul” touches anything unclean, whether#Literally “or” an unclean wild#Implied by the following phrase specifying domestic animals animal’s dead body or an unclean domestic animal’s dead body or an unclean swarmer’s dead body, but#Or “and” he is unaware of it,#Literally “it is concealed from him” he is unclean and he is guilty. 3Or when he touches human uncleanness, namely#Literally “for” or “to” (see HALOT 510) any uncleanness of his by which he might become unclean, but#Or “and” he is unaware of it,#Literally “it is concealed from him” and he himself finds out, then#Or “and” he will be guilty. 4Or when a person#Or “a soul” swears, speaking thoughtlessly with his lips, to do evil or to do good with regard to#Literally “for” or “to” (see HALOT 510) anything that the person#Literally “the man” in a sworn oath speaks thoughtlessly, but#Or “and” he is unaware of it,#Literally “it is concealed from him” he will be guilty in any of#Literally “for one of” these. 5When he becomes guilty in any of#Literally “for one of” these, he shall confess#Or “and he shall confess” what he has sinned regarding#Literally “upon” or “against” it, 6and he shall bring his guilt offering to#Or “for” Yahweh for his sin that he has committed:#Literally “sinned” a female from the flock,#The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals) a ewe-lamb or a she-goat,#Literally “a she-goat of goats” as a sin offering, and the priest shall make atonement for him for#Hebrew “from” his sin.
7“ ‘If#Or “And if” he cannot afford a sheep,#Literally “his hand does not touch enough of small livestock” he shall bring as his guilt offering for what he sinned two turtledoves or two young doves#Literally “sons of dove” or “children of dove” for Yahweh, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering. 8He shall bring#Or “And he shall bring” them to the priest, and he shall present that which is for the sin offering first, and the priest#Required by the previous action (see NET) shall wring its head off at the back of its neck,#Literally “from opposite its neck” but#Or “and” he must not sever it, 9and he shall spatter some of#Literally “from” the sin offering’s blood on the altar’s side, and the leftover blood must be drained out on the altar’s base; it is a sin offering. 10The second#Or “And the second” bird he must prepare as a burnt offering according to the regulation, and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin that he has committed,#Literally “sinned” and he shall be forgiven.
11“ ‘But#Or “And” if he cannot afford#Literally “his hand cannot produce for” two turtledoves or two young doves,#Literally “sons of dove” or “children of dove” then,#Or “and” because he has sinned, he shall bring as his offering a tenth of an#Hebrew “the” ephah of finely milled flour as a sin offering. He must not put#Or “And he must not put” oil on it, nor should he put frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering. 12He shall bring#Or “And he shall bring” it to the priest, and the priest shall take a handful of it#Literally “shall scoop up from it the fullness of his handful” for its token portion, and he shall turn it to smoke on the altar in addition to#Literally “on” or “upon” the offerings made by fire to Yahweh; it is a sin offering. 13Thus#Or “And” the priest shall make atonement for him because of the sin that he has committed#Literally “sinned” in any of these,#Literally “from one from these” and he shall be forgiven. It shall be#Or “And it shall be” for the priest, like the grain offering.’ ”
Laws for Guilt Offerings
14Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 15“When a person#Or “a soul” displays infidelity#Literally “acts unfaithfully infidelity” or “is unfaithful in unfaithfulness” and he sins in an unintentional wrong in any of#Literally “from” Yahweh’s holy things, then#Or “and” he shall bring his guilt offering to#Or “for” Yahweh: a ram without defect from the flock#The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals) as a guilt offering by your valuation in silver shekels#Or “convertible into silver shekels” (NET, NRSV, TNK), “of the proper value in silver” (NIV; cp. ESV “valued in silver shekels,” CSB), or “or you may buy one of equal value with silver” (NLT) according to the sanctuary shekel. 16And he shall make restitution for what he sinned because of#Literally “from” (see HALOT 598) a holy thing and shall add one-fifth of its value#Literally “it” onto it and shall give it to the priest. The priest#Or “And the priest” shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and he will be forgiven.
17“If#Or “And if” a person#Or “a soul” when he sins violates#Literally “and she/it does” one from all of Yahweh’s commands that should not be violated,#Literally “they are to be done” but#Or “and” he did not know, then#Or “and” he is guilty and he shall bear his guilt. 18He shall bring#Or “And he shall bring” to the priest a ram without defect from the flock#The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals) as a guilt offering by your valuation, and the priest shall make atonement for him because of his unintentional wrong (although#Or “and” he himself did not know), and he will be forgiven. 19It is a guilt offering; he certainly was guilty before Yahweh.”
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