Leviticus 4
4
Purification Offerings. 1The Lord said to Moses: 2#Lv 6:17–23; Nm 15:22–31. Tell the Israelites: When a person inadvertently#Inadvertently: the concern in this chapter, and much of chap. 5, is wrongs done unintentionally. Intentional (“high-handed”) sins are punished with being “cut off” from the people (Nm 15:30–31). See note on Lv 7:20. Lord’s prohibitions: not included in the faults figured here is failure to perform positive commandments. Failing to perform positive commands, however, still renders the individual liable to other punishment (e.g., failing to observe the Passover, Nm 9:13). Cf. Nm 15:22–31. does wrong by violating any one of the Lord’s prohibitions—
For the Anointed Priest. 3If it is the anointed priest#The anointed priest: the chapter presents four cases of inadvertent wrong, arranged in descending order according to the status of the wrongdoer: high priest (vv. 3–12), entire community (vv. 13–21), tribal leader (vv. 22–26), and general populace (vv. 27–35). The higher one’s position, the more deeply the sin affects the sanctuary (vv. 5–7, 17–18 versus vv. 25, 29, 34). See note on 16:6. Purification offering: the Hebrew verb ḥiṭṭē’ means “remove sin, purify” (Lv 8:15; Ez 43:20–23; 45:18–19; cf. Ex 29:36). The offering cleansed the various places to which the blood was applied or the rooms in which it was sprinkled. who thus does wrong and thereby makes the people guilty, he shall offer to the Lord an unblemished bull of the herd as a purification offering for the wrong he committed. 4Bringing the bull to the entrance of the tent of meeting, before the Lord, he shall lay his hand on its head#Lv 1:4. and slaughter it before the Lord. 5#On the structure of the sanctuary, see Ex 26–27. The anointed priest shall then take some of the bull’s blood and bring it into the tent of meeting, 6where, dipping his finger in the blood, he shall sprinkle some of it seven times before the Lord, toward the veil of the sanctuary.#Lv 4:17–18; 16:16; cf. 4:25. 7The priest shall also put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense which stands before the Lord in the tent of meeting. The rest of the bull’s blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar for burnt offerings which is at the entrance of the tent of meeting. 8He shall remove all the fat of the bull of the purification offering: the fat that covers the inner organs, and all the fat that adheres to them, 9as well as the two kidneys, with the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which is removed with the kidneys, 10just as the fat pieces are removed from the ox of the communion sacrifice.#Lv 3:3. The priest shall burn these on the altar for burnt offerings. 11#See note on 6:17–23. But the hide of the bull and its meat, with its head, shanks, inner organs and dung, 12that is, the whole bull, shall be brought outside the camp to a clean place#Clean place: i.e., ritually “clean” or pure. It has nothing to do with the presence of dirt or waste. See 6:4. where the ashes are deposited and there be burned in a wood fire. At the place of the ash heap, there it must be burned.#Lv 6:23.
For the Community. 13If the whole community of Israel errs#Whole community…errs: this case probably complements that of vv. 3–12. There the high priest sins so that the people become guilty. Those verses deal with his requirements for atonement; vv. 13–21 deal with the people’s requirements. inadvertently and without even being aware of it violates any of the Lord’s prohibitions, and thus are guilty, 14when the wrong that was committed becomes known, the community shall offer a bull of the herd as a purification offering. They shall bring it before the tent of meeting. 15The elders of the community shall lay their hands on the bull’s head before the Lord. When the bull has been slaughtered before the Lord, 16the anointed priest shall bring some of its blood into the tent of meeting, 17and dipping his finger in the blood, he shall sprinkle it seven times before the Lord, toward the veil. 18He shall also put some of the blood on the horns of the altar which is before the Lord in the tent of meeting. The rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar for burnt offerings which is at the entrance of the tent of meeting. 19He shall remove all of its fat and burn it on the altar, 20doing with this bull just as he did with the other bull of the purification offering; he will do the same thing. Thus the priest shall make atonement#Lv 1:4. on their behalf, that they may be forgiven. 21This bull shall also be brought outside the camp and burned,#Lv 6:23. just as the first bull. It is a purification offering for the assembly.
For the Tribal Leader. 22Should a tribal leader#Nm 10:4; 25:14. do wrong inadvertently by violating any one of the prohibitions of the Lord his God, and thus be guilty, 23when he learns of the wrong he committed, he shall bring as his offering an unblemished male goat. 24He shall lay his hand on its head and it shall be slaughtered in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered, before the Lord. It is a purification offering. 25The priest shall then take some of the blood of the purification offering on his finger and put it on the horns#Lv 4:30, 34; 8:15; 9:9; 16:18; Ex 29:12; Ez 43:20; cf. Lv 4:7. of the altar for burnt offerings. The rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar. 26All of its fat he shall burn on the altar like the fat of the communion sacrifice. Thus the priest shall make atonement on the tribal leader’s behalf for his wrong, that he may be forgiven.
For the General Populace. 27If anyone of the general populace does wrong inadvertently by violating one of the Lord’s prohibitions, and thus is guilty, 28upon learning of the wrong committed, that person shall bring an unblemished she-goat as the offering for the wrong committed. 29The wrongdoer shall lay a hand on the head of the purification offering, and the purification offering shall be slaughtered at the place of the burnt offerings. 30The priest shall then take some of its blood on his finger and put it on the horns of the altar for burnt offerings. The rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar. 31He shall remove all the fat, just as the fat is removed from the communion sacrifice. The priest shall burn it on the altar for a sweet odor to the Lord. Thus the priest shall make atonement, so that the individual may be forgiven.
32If, however, a person brings a lamb as a purification offering, that person shall bring an unblemished female, and 33lay a hand on its head. It shall be slaughtered as a purification offering in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered. 34The priest shall then take some of the blood of the purification offering on his finger and put it on the horns of the altar for burnt offerings. The rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar. 35He shall remove all its fat just as the fat is removed from the lamb of the communion sacrifice. The priest shall burn these on the altar with the other oblations for the Lord. Thus the priest shall make atonement on the person’s behalf for the wrong committed, that the individual may be forgiven.
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Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Inc
Leviticus 4
4
Laws for Sin Offerings
1Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 2“Speak to the Israelites,#Literally “sons/children of Israel” saying, ‘If a person#Or “a soul” sins by an unintentional wrong from any of Yahweh’s commands that should not be violated,#Literally “done” and he violates#Literally “does” any of them#Literally “from one from them”; see NET— 3if the anointed priest sins, bringing guilt on the people,#Literally “to the guilt of the people” then,#Or “and” concerning the sin that he has committed,#Literally “sinned” he shall bring a young bull#Literally “a bull, a son of cattle” without defect for Yahweh as a sin offering. 4He shall bring#Or “And he shall bring” the bull to the tent of assembly’s entrance before Yahweh, place#Or “And place” his hand on the bull’s head, and slaughter the bull before Yahweh. 5The anointed priest#Or “And the anointed priest” shall take some of#Literally “from” the bull’s blood and shall bring it to the tent of assembly, 6and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood and shall spatter some of#Literally “from” the blood seven times before Yahweh in front of the sanctuary’s curtain. 7The priest#Or “And the priest” shall put some of#Literally “from” the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense before Yahweh, which is in the tent of assembly, and all the rest#Implied by the context of the bull’s blood he must pour out on the base of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the entrance of the tent of assembly.
8“ ‘He must remove#Or “And he must remove” all the fat from the bull of the sin offering: the fat that covers the inner parts#Or “entrails” and all of the fat that is on the inner parts,#Or “entrails” 9the two#Or “and the two” kidneys and the fat that is on them, and the liver’s lobe that he must remove in addition to the kidneys— 10just as it is removed from the ox of the fellowship offerings’ sacrifice—and the priest shall turn them into smoke on the altar of the burnt offering. 11But#Or “And” the bull’s skin and its meat, in addition to its head, its lower leg bones,#Literally “and in addition to its lower leg bones” its#Or “and its” inner parts,#Or “entrails” and its offal— 12he shall carry#Or “and he shall carry out” all of the bull outside the camp#Literally “to from an outside place of the camp” to a ceremonially clean place, to the fatty ashes’ dump, and he shall burn it on wood in the fire; it must be burned up on the fatty ashes’ dump.
13“ ‘If#Or “And if” Israel’s whole assembly did wrong unintentionally and the matter#Or “thing” was concealed from the assembly’s eyes, and they acted#Or “did” against any of#Literally “one from all of” Yahweh’s commands that should not be violated,#Literally “done” so that#Or “and” they incur guilt, 14when#Or “and” the sin that they have committed#Literally “sinned” against that command#The 3fs pronominal suffix may refer to “one of Yahweh’s commands”—“one” is also fs becomes known, the assembly#Or “and the assembly” shall present a young bull#Literally “a bull, a son of cattle” as a sin offering, and they shall bring it before the tent of assembly. 15And the elders of the community shall place their hands on the bull’s head before Yahweh, and he#Or “someone”; see NET—the 3ms refers to either one of the elders or the priest shall slaughter the bull before Yahweh. 16Then the anointed priest shall bring some of#Literally “from” the bull’s blood to the tent of assembly, 17and the priest shall dip his finger in#Or “from” the blood and shall spatter it seven times before Yahweh in front of the curtain. 18He must put#Or “And he must put” some of#Literally “from” the blood on the altar’s horns before Yahweh in the tent of assembly,#Literally “which is in the tent of assembly”—the reference is to the altar and all the rest#Indicated by the context of the blood he must pour out on the base of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the tent of assembly’s entrance. 19He must remove#Or “And he must remove” all its fat from it, and he shall turn it into smoke on the altar. 20He shall do#Or “And he shall do” to the bull just as#Literally “as that” he did to the sin offering’s bull, so he must do to it. The priest#Or “And the priest” shall make atonement for them, and they will be forgiven.#Literally “it shall be forgiven to them” 21He shall bring#Or “And he shall bring out” the rest of#Indicated by the context the bull outside the camp,#Literally “to from an outside place of the camp” and he shall burn it just as#Literally “as that” he burned the first bull; it is the sin offering for the assembly.
22“ ‘When a leader sins and commits#Or “does” an unintentional wrong against any of#Literally “one from all of” the commands of Yahweh his God that should not be violated,#Literally “done” so that#Or “and” he incurs guilt, 23or his sin he has committed#Literally “sinned” is made known to him, he shall bring#Or “and he shall bring” or “then he shall bring” a male goat#Literally “a he-goat of goats a male” without defect as his offering. 24He shall place#Or “And he shall place” his hand on the he-goat’s head and slaughter it in the place where he slaughtered the burnt offering before Yahweh; it is a sin offering. 25The priest#Or “And the priest” shall take some of#Literally “from” the sin offering’s blood with his finger, and he shall put it on the horns of the altar of the burnt offering, and he must pour out the rest of#Indicated by context its blood on the base of the altar of the burnt offering. 26He#Or “And he”; the antecedent is the priest (cp. vv. 10, 31) must turn all of its fat into smoke on the altar like the fat of the fellowship offerings’ sacrifice, and the priest shall make atonement for him because of#Literally “from” his sin, and he will be forgiven.#Literally “it shall be forgiven to him”
27“ ‘If#Or “And if” anyone#Literally “a soul one” of the people of the land sins by an unintentional wrong by violating#Literally “doing” one of Yahweh’s commands that should not be violated,#Literally “done” so that#Or “and” he incurs guilt, 28or his sin he has committed#Literally “sinned” is made known to him, he shall bring#Or “and he shall bring” or “then he shall bring” as his offering a female goat without defect#Literally “a she-goat of goats without defect a female” as his offering for his sin that he committed.#Literally “sinned” 29He shall place#Or “And he shall place” his hand on the sin offering’s head and slaughter the sin offering in the place of the burnt offering. 30The priest#Or “And the priest” shall take some of#Literally “from” its blood with his finger, and he shall put it on the horns of the altar of the burnt offering, and he must pour out all the rest of#Indicated by context its blood on the altar’s base. 31He#Or “And he” must remove all of its fat just as#Literally “as that” the fat was removed from#Or “from on” or “from upon” the fellowship offerings’ sacrifice, and the priest shall turn it into smoke on the altar as an appeasing fragrance for Yahweh. The priest#Or “And the priest” shall make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.#Literally “it shall be forgiven to him”
32“ ‘But#Or “And” if he brings a lamb as his offering for a sin offering, he must bring a female without defect. 33He shall place#Or “And he shall place” his hand on the sin offering’s head, and he shall slaughter it as a sin offering in the place where he slaughtered the burnt offering. 34The priest#Or “And the priest” shall take some of#Literally “from” the sin offering’s blood with his finger, and he shall put it on the horns of the altar of the burnt offering, and he must pour out all the rest#Indicated by context of its blood on the altar’s base. 35He must remove#Or “And he must remove” all of its fat just as#Literally “as that” the lamb’s fat from the fellowship offerings’ sacrifice was removed, and the priest shall turn them into smoke on the altar upon Yahweh’s offerings made by fire; and the priest shall make atonement for him because of#Or “for” his sin that he committed,#Literally “sinned” and he will be forgiven.’ ”#Literally “it will be forgiven to him”
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