Daniel 1

Daniel’s Captivity in Babylon

1In the third year of the reign of King Jehoiakim # 1:1 2Kg 24:1–2; 2Ch 36:5–6 of Judah, King Nebuchadnezzar # 1:1 Or Nebuchadrezzar,# 1:1 Jr 25:1; 52:12,28–30 of Babylon came to Jerusalem and laid siege to it. 2The Lord handed King Jehoiakim of Judah over to him, along with some of the vessels from the house of God. # 1:2 2Kg 24:13; 2Ch 36:7–10; Ezr 5:14; Jr 27:19–22; Dn 5:2 Nebuchadnezzar carried them to the land of Babylon, # 1:2 Lit Shinar,# 1:2 Gn 10:10; 11:2; Is 11:11; Zch 5:11 to the house of his god, # 1:2 Or gods and put the vessels in the treasury of his god.

3The king ordered Ashpenaz, his chief eunuch, to bring some of the Israelites from the royal family # 1:3 2Kg 20:18; 24:15; Is 39:7; Dn 1:9 and from the nobility — 4young men without any physical defect, good-looking, suitable for instruction in all wisdom, # 1:4 Dn 9:22 knowledgeable, perceptive, and capable of serving in the king’s palace. # 1:4 Is 39:7 He was to teach them the Chaldean language # 1:4 Jr 5:15 and literature. 5The king assigned them daily provisions from the royal food and from the wine that he drank. # 1:5 2Kg 25:30; Dn 11:26 They were to be trained for three years, and at the end of that time they were to attend the king. # 1:5 Lit to stand before the king,# 1:5 Gn 41:46; 1Sm 16:22 6Among them, from the Judahites, were Daniel, # 1:6 Ezk 14:14,20; 28:3 Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. 7The chief eunuch gave them names; he gave the name Belteshazzar to Daniel, Shadrach to Hananiah, Meshach to Mishael, and Abednego to Azariah. # 1:7 2Kg 23:34; 24:17; Dn 4:8,19; 5:12; 10:1

Faithfulness in Babylon

8Daniel determined that he would not defile himself with the king’s food # 1:8 Pr 23:1–2 or with the wine he drank. So he asked permission from the chief eunuch not to defile himself. # 1:8 Lv 3:17; 11:47; Ps 141:4; Ezk 4:13; Hs 9:3; Ac 10:11–15 9God had granted Daniel kindness and compassion from the chief eunuch, # 1:9 Gn 39:21; 1Kg 8:50; Jb 5:15; Ps 106:46; Pr 16:7; Ac 7:10 10yet he said to Daniel, “I fear my lord the king, who assigned your food and drink. What if he sees your faces looking thinner than the other young men your age? You would endanger my life # 1:10 Lit would make my head guilty with the king.”

11So Daniel said to the guard whom the chief eunuch had assigned to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, 12“Please test your servants for ten days. Let us be given vegetables to eat and water to drink. 13Then examine our appearance and the appearance of the young men who are eating the king’s food, and deal with your servants based on what you see.” 14He agreed with them about this and tested them for ten days. 15At the end of ten days they looked better and healthier # 1:15 Lit fatter of flesh than all the young men who were eating the king’s food. # 1:15 Ex 23:25 16So the guard continued to remove their food and the wine they were to drink and gave them vegetables.

Faithfulness Rewarded

17God gave these four young men knowledge and understanding # 1:17 Jb 32:8; Ac 7:22; Jms 1:5 in every kind of literature and wisdom. Daniel also understood visions and dreams # 1:17 1Kg 3:10–12; Dn 2:19,30; 4:18–19; 7:1 of every kind. 18At the end of the time that the king had said to present them, the chief eunuch presented them to Nebuchadnezzar. 19The king interviewed them, and among all of them, no one was found equal to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. # 1:18–19 Gn 41:37–39 So they began to attend the king. 20In every matter of wisdom and understanding that the king consulted them about, he found them ten times # 1:20 Lit hands,# 1:20 1Sm 1:8 better than all the magicians and mediums # 1:20 Pr 3:13–18; Dn 5:11–12 in his entire kingdom. 21Daniel remained there until the first year of King Cyrus. # 1:21 Ezr 1:1–2; Is 45:1; Dn 6:28; 10:1

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Daniel 1

1In the third year of the reign of Y'hoyakim Melech Yehudah came Nevukhadnetzar king of Babylon unto Yerushalayim, and besieged it. 2And Hashem gave Y'hoyakim Melech Yehudah into his hand, with part of the vessels of the Beis HaElohim; which he carried into the land of Shinar to the house of his g-d; and he brought the vessels into the treasure house of his g-d.

3And the king spoke unto Ashpenaz the master of his eunuchs, that he should bring certain of the Bnei Yisroel, and of the kingʼs zera (seed), and of the princes, 4Yeladim in whom was no blemish, but well-favored, and skillful in all chochmah (wisdom), and cunning in da'as (knowledge), and understanding science, and such as had ability in them to stand in the heikhal hamelech (kingʼs palace), and whom they might teach the sefer and lashon of the Kasdim (Chaldeans). 5And the king appointed them a daily provision of the kingʼs food, and of the yayin which he drank, so nourishing them shanim shalosh (three years), that at the end thereof they might stand before the king.

6Now among these were of the Bnei Yehudah, Daniel, Chananyah, Mishael, and Azaryah; 7Unto whom the chief of the eunuchs gave names; for he gave unto Daniel the name of Belteshatzar; and to Chananyah, of Shadrakh; and to Mishael, of Meshach; and to Azaryah, of Abednego.

8But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the portion of the kingʼs delicacies, nor with the yayin which he drank; therefore he requested of the chief of the eunuchs that he might not defile himself. 9Now G-d had brought Daniel into chesed and sympathy with the chief of the eunuchs. 10And the chief of the eunuchs said unto Daniel, I fear adoni hamelech, who hath appointed your meat and your drink; for why should he see your faces worse looking than the yeladim which are of your age? Then shall ye make me endanger my head to the king. 11Then said Daniel to the steward, whom the chief of the eunuchs had set over Daniel, Chananyah, Mishael, and Azaryah, 12Prove thy servants, I beseech thee, yamim asarim (ten days); and let them give us vegetables to eat, and mayim (water) to drink. 13Then let our countenances be looked upon before thee, and the countenance of the yeladim that eat of the portion of the kingʼs meat, and as thou seest, deal with thy servants. 14So he consented to them in this matter, and tested them yamim asarim (ten days). 15And at the end of ten days their countenances appeared fairer and fatter in flesh than all the yeladim which did eat the portion of the kingʼs meat. 16Thus the steward took away the portion of their meat, and the yayin that they should drink; and gave them vegetables.

17As for these four yeladim, G-d gave them knowledge and skill in all sefer and chochmah, and Daniel had understanding in all chazon (visions) and chalomot (dreams). 18Now at the end of the days that the king had said he would bring them in, then the chief of the eunuchs brought them in before Nevukhadnetzar. 19And the king communed with them; and among them all was found none like Daniel, Chananyah, Mishael, and Azaryah; therefore stood they before the king. 20And in all matters of chochmah and binah that the king questioned them, he found them ten times better than all the magicians and astrologers that were in all his realm.

21And Daniel continued even unto the first year of King Koresh (Cyrus).

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