Joshua 13
13
The Lord Speaks to Joshua
1 When Joshua was very old,#tn Heb “was old, coming into the days.” This expression, referring to advancing in years, also occurs in the following clause. the Lord told him, “You are very old, and a great deal of land remains to be conquered. 2 This is the land that remains: all the territory of the Philistines and all the Geshurites, 3 from the Shihor River#tn Heb “the Shihor”; the word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied to clarify the meaning. east of#tn Heb “in front of.” Egypt northward to the territory of Ekron (it is regarded as Canaanite territory),#tn Heb “it is reckoned to the Canaanites.” including the area belonging to the five Philistine lords who ruled in Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron, as well as Avvite land#tn Heb “the five lords of the Philistines, the Gazaite, the Ashdodite, the Ashkelonite, the Gathite, and the Ekronite, and the Avvites.” 4 to the south;#tn Or “from Teman.” The phrase is especially problematic if taken with what follows, as the traditional verse division suggests. For further discussion see T. C. Butler, Joshua (WBC), 146. all the Canaanite territory,#tn Heb “all the land of the Canaanites.” from Arah#tc The reading “Arah” assumes a slight emendation of the Hebrew vowel pointing. The MT reads, “and a cave,” or “and Mearah” (if one understands the word as a proper noun). in the region of Sidon#tn Heb “which belongs to the Sidonians.”map For location see Map1-A1; JP3-F3; JP4-F3. to Aphek, as far as Amorite territory; 5 the territory of Byblos#tn Heb “and the land of the Gebalites.” and all Lebanon to the east, from Baal Gad below Mount Hermon to Lebo Hamath.#tn Or “the entrance to Hamath.” Most modern translations take the phrase “Lebo Hamath” to be a proper name, but often provide a note with the alternative, where “Hamath” is the proper name and לְבוֹא (lÿvo’) is taken to mean “entrance to.” 6 I will drive out before the Israelites all who live in the hill country from Lebanon to Misrephoth Maim,#tn The meaning of the Hebrew name “Misrephoth Maim” is perhaps “lime-kilns by the water” (see HALOT 2:641). all the Sidonians; you be sure to parcel it out to Israel as I instructed you.”#tn Heb “only you, assign it by lots to Israel as an inheritance as I commanded you.” 7 Now, divide up this land#tn Heb “now apportion this land as an inheritance.” among the nine tribes and the half-tribe of Manasseh.”
Tribal Lands East of the Jordan
8 The other half of Manasseh,#tn The MT reads “with him,” which is problematic, since the reference would be to the other half of the tribe of Manasseh (not the half mentioned in v. 7). Reuben, and Gad received their allotted tribal lands beyond the Jordan,#tn Heb “received their inheritance, which Moses had assigned to them beyond the Jordan.” just as Moses, the Lord’s servant, had assigned them. 9 Their territory started#tn The words “their territory started” are supplied in the translation for clarification. from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley), included the city in the middle of the valley, the whole plain of Medeba as far as Dibon, 10 and all the cities of King Sihon of the Amorites who ruled in Heshbon, and ended at the Ammonite border. 11 Their territory also included#tn The words “their territory also included” are supplied in the translation for clarification. Gilead, Geshurite and Maacathite territory, all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salecah – 12 the whole kingdom of Og in Bashan, who ruled in Ashtaroth and Edrei. (He was one of the few remaining Rephaites.)#tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”sn The Rephaites were apparently an extremely tall ethnic group. See Deut 2:10-11, 20; 3:11. Moses defeated them and took their lands.#tn Or “dispossessed them.” 13 But the Israelites did not conquer#tn Or “dispossess.” the Geshurites and Maacathites; Geshur and Maacah live among Israel to this very day. 14 However, Moses#tn Heb “he”; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity. did not assign land as an inheritance#tn Heb “did not assign an inheritance.” to the Levites; their inheritance#tn That is, “their source of food and life.” is the sacrificial offerings#tn Or “offerings made by fire.” made to the Lord God of Israel, as he instructed#tn Or “promised” (Heb “spoke”).sn For the background of this observation, see Deut 18:1-2. them.
15 Moses assigned land to the tribe of Reuben#tn Heb “assigned to the sons of Reuben.” by its clans. 16 Their territory started at Aroer#tn Heb “their territory was from.” (on the edge of the Arnon Valley) and included the city in the middle of the valley, the whole plain of Medeba, 17 Heshbon and all its surrounding cities on the plain, including Dibon, Bamoth Baal, Beth Baal Meon, 18 Jahaz, Kedemoth, Mephaath, 19 Kiriathaim, Sibmah, Zereth Shahar on the hill in the valley, 20 Beth Peor, the slopes of Pisgah, and Beth Jeshimoth. 21 It encompassed#tn The words “it encompassed” are supplied in the translation for clarification. all the cities of the plain and the whole realm of King Sihon of the Amorites who ruled in Heshbon. Moses defeated him and the Midianite leaders Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba (they were subjects of Sihon and lived in his territory).#tn Heb “princes of Sihon, inhabitants of the land.” 22 The Israelites killed Balaam son of Beor, the omen reader,#tn Or “diviner.” along with the others.#tn Heb “Balaam son of Beor, the omen-reader, the Israelites killed with the sword, along with their slain ones.” 23 The border of the tribe of Reuben was the Jordan. The land allotted to the tribe of Reuben by its clans included these cities and their towns.#tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the sons of Reuben by their clans, the cities and their towns.”
24 Moses assigned land to the tribe of Gad#tn Heb “assigned to the tribe of Gad, to the sons of Gad.” by its clans. 25 Their territory included Jazer, all the cities of Gilead, and half of Ammonite territory#tn Heb “and half of the land of the sons of Ammon.” as far as Aroer near#tn Heb “in front of.” Rabbah. 26 Their territory ran#tn The words “Their territory ran” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied for clarification. from Heshbon to Ramath Mizpah and Betonim, and from Mahanaim to the territory of Debir. 27 It included the valley of Beth Haram,#tn Or “it included in the valley, Beth Haram.” Beth Nimrah, Succoth, and Zaphon, and the rest of the realm of King Sihon of Heshbon, the area east of the Jordan to the end of the Sea of Kinnereth.#sn The Sea of Kinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. See the note on the word “Kinnereth” in 11:2. 28 The land allotted to the tribe of Gad by its clans included these cities and their towns.#tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the sons of Gad by their clans, the cities and their towns.”
29 Moses assigned land to the half-tribe of Manasseh#tn Heb “assigned to the half-tribe of Manasseh, and it belonged to the half-tribe of Manasseh.” by its clans. 30 Their territory started at#tn The words “their territory started at” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied for clarification. Mahanaim and encompassed all Bashan, the whole realm of King Og of Bashan, including all sixty cities in Havvoth Jair#sn The Hebrew name Havvoth Jair means “the tent villages of Jair.” in Bashan. 31 Half of Gilead, Ashtaroth, and Edrei, cities in the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were assigned to the descendants of Makir son of Manasseh, to half the descendants of Makir by their clans.
32 These are the land assignments made by Moses#tn Heb “These are [the lands] which Moses gave as an inheritance.” on the plains of Moab east of the Jordan River opposite Jericho.#tn Heb “beyond the Jordan, east of Jericho.” The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied to clarify the meaning.map For the location of Jericho see Map5-B2; Map6-E1; Map7-E1; Map8-E3; Map10-A2; Map11-A1. 33 However, Moses did not assign land as an inheritance#tn Heb “Moses did not assign an inheritance.” The word “land” has been supplied in the translation to clarify what the inheritance consisted of. to the Levites; their inheritance#tn That is, “their source of food and life.” is the Lord God of Israel, as he instructed#tn Or “as he promised”; Heb “as he spoke to.”sn For the background of this observation, see Deut 18:1-2. them.
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Joshua 13
13
Land Still Remains to be Conquered
1Now Joshua was old and advanced in years,#Literally “he went in the days” and Yahweh said to him, “You are old and advanced in years,#Literally “you went in the days” and very much of the land remains to be possessed. 2This is the remaining land: all the regions of the Philistines, and all of the Geshurites,#Hebrew “Geshurite” 3from the Shihor, which is east of Egypt,#Literally “on the face of Egypt” up to the border of Ekron to the north, which is reckoned as Canaanite; there are five Philistine rulers: the Gazites,#Hebrew “Gazite” Ashdodites,#Hebrew “Ashdodite” Ashkelonites,#Hebrew “Ashkelonite” Gittites,#Hebrew “Gittite” Ekronites,#Hebrew “Ekronite” and the Avvim. 4In the south; all the land of the Canaanites,#Hebrew “Canaanite” and Mearah, which belongs to the Sidonians up to Aphek, to the border of the Amorites,#Hebrew “Amorite” 5and the land of the Gebalites, and all the Lebanon,#Or “white mountain” toward the east,#Literally “the rise of the sun” from Baal Gad at the foot of#Or “below” or “under” Mount Hermon up to Lebo-Hamath; 6all the inhabitants of the hill country, from the Lebanon#Or “white mountain” up to Misrephoth Maim, and all the Sidonians. I will drive them out from before the Israelites;#Literally “sons/children of Israel” only allocate it to Israel as an inheritance just as I have commanded you. 7Therefore, divide this land as an inheritance to the nine tribes and the half-tribe of Manasseh.”
8With it#That is, the other half-tribe of Manasseh the Reubenites,#Hebrew “Reubenite” and the Gadites#Hebrew “Gadite” received their inheritance, which Moses gave them beyond the Jordan to the east, just as Moses Yahweh’s servant gave to them: 9from Aroer, which is on the edge of the wadi#A valley that is dry most of the year, but contains a stream during the rainy season of Arnon, and the city which is in the middle of the wadi, and all the plateau from Medeba up to Dibon; 10and all the cities of Sihon king of the Amorites,#Hebrew “Amorite” who reigned in Heshbon up to the border of the Ammonites;#Literally “sons/children of Ammon” 11and Gilead, and the border of the Geshurite#Hebrew “Geshurite” and the Maacathites,#Hebrew “Maacathite” all of Mount Hermon,#Or “the hill country of Hermon” and Bashan up to Salecah; 12all the kingdom of Og in Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth and Edrei—he was left over from the survivors#Hebrew “survivor” of the Rephaim; these Moses had defeated and driven out. 13But the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” did not drive out the Geshurites#Hebrew “Geshurite” or the Maacathites;#Hebrew “Maacathite” Geshur and Maacah live among Israel to this day. 14Only the tribe of Levites#Hebrew “Levite” Moses did not give an inheritance; the offerings made by fire to Yahweh the God of Israel are their#Hebrew “his” inheritance, just as he promised to them.#Hebrew “he said to him”
Reuben’s Inheritance
15Moses gave an inheritance to the tribe of the descendants#Or “sons” of Reuben according to their families. 16Their territory was from Aroer, which was on the edge of the wadi#A valley that is dry most of the year, but contains a stream during the rainy season of Arnon, and the city that is in the middle of the valley, and all the plateau by Medeba; 17Heshbon and its cities that are on the plateau; Dibon, Bamoth Baal, Beth Baal Meon, 18Jahaz, Kedemoth, Mephaath, 19Kiriathaim, Sibmah, and Zereth Shahar on the hill of the valley; 20Beth Peor, the slopes of Pisgah, and Beth Jeshimoth; 21all of the cities of the plateau, and all the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites,#Hebrew “Amorite” who reigned in Heshbon and whom Moses defeated with the leaders of Midian, Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba, the princes of Sihon who dwelled in the land. 22In addition to their slain, the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” killed with the sword Balaam son of Beor, who practiced divination. 23And the border of the descendants#Or “sons” of Reuben was the Jordan and its banks.#Hebrew “bank” This was the inheritance of the descendants#Or “sons” of Reuben according to their families, the cities, and their villages.
Gad’s Inheritance
24Moses gave an inheritance to the tribe of Gad, to the descendants#Or “sons” of Gad, according to their families. 25Their territory was Jazer and all the cities of Gilead, and half the land of the Ammonites#Literally “sons/children of Ammon” up to Aroer, which is east of Rabbah;#Literally “which is before Rabbah” 26and from Heshbon up to Ramah-Mizpeh and Betonim, and from Mahanaim up to the territory to Debir; 27in the valley of Beth Haram, Beth Nimrah, Succoth, Zaphon, and the rest of the kingdom of Sihon king of Heshbon, the Jordan and its banks,#Hebrew “bank” up to the lower end of the Kinnereth Sea#That is, the Sea of Galilee beyond the Jordan to the east. 28This is the inheritance of the Gadites#Literally “sons/children of Gad” according to their families, the cities, and their villages.
The Half-Tribe of Manasseh’s Inheritance
29Moses gave an inheritance to the half-tribe of Manasseh; it was for the half-tribe of the descendants#Or “sons” of Manasseh according to their families. 30Their territory was from Mahanaim, all Bashan, all the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, and all the settlements#Or “tent villages” of Jair, which are in Bashan, sixty cities, 31and half of Gilead, with Ashtaroth, Edrei, and the cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan; these were allotted to the children of Makir son of Manasseh, for half of the children of Makir according to their families. 32These are the territories that Moses gave as an inheritance on the desert-plateau of Moab, beyond the Jordan, east of Jericho. 33But to the tribe of Levi Moses did not give an inheritance; Yahweh the God of Israel, he is their inheritance, just as he promised them.#Literally “he said to them”
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