Miracles or Signs?
· Matthew, Mark, and Luke all use the word dunamis (δύναμις) for miracle.
o John never uses the word dunamis.
o Instead, John uses the word seimeion (σημεῖον), signs (x17).

What is a Sign?
· Signs authenticate God’s messengers so people would believe the message they preached.
· Signs can be miraculous, but they don’t have to be.
· Jesus’ miracles aren’t merely a display of power. They demonstrate who He is and why His message should be trusted.

Thesis Statement of John
"Therefore many other signs Jesus also performed in the presence of the disciples, which are not written in this book; but these have been written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing you may have life in His name." - John 20:30–31

Structure of the Gospel of John
· Introduction 1:1–18

· The Book of Signs (1:19–12:50)
o Water to wine (2:1–12)
o The temple clearing (2:13–22)
o The healing of the centurion’s son (4:46–54)
o Healing the lame man (5:1–15)
o The feeding of the 5,000 (6:1–15)
o Healing the man born blind (9:1–41)
o Raising of Lazarus (11:1–44)

· The Book of Exaltation (13–20)
o Instructions to the New Covenant Community (13–17)
o The Passion Narrative (18–19)
o Resurrection Appearances (20:1–29)
o Thesis Statement (20:30–31)

· Epilogue 21
o Jesus with the disciples at the Sea of Galilee (21:1–23)
o Testimony of John (21:24–25)

· The Seven “I am” Statements of Jesus
o I am the bread of life (6:35–51)
o I am the light of the world (8:12)
o I am the door of the sheep (10:7–9)
o I am the good shepherd (10:11–18)
o I am the resurrection and the life (11:25)
o I am the way, the truth, and the life (14:6)
o I am the true vine (15:1–11)

Is the term “woman” derogatory?
· John 19:26–27 shows us that it isn’t derogatory.

My hour has not yet come…
· This theme is repeated throughout the book of signs in John’s Gospel: to Jesus’ mom (2:4), to Jesus’ brothers (7:6–8), repeated when men wanted to seize Jesus but they couldn’t (7:30), and while he was speaking in the Temple (8:20).
· And Jesus answered them, saying, “The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified. (John 12:23)

Jesus obeys his mother
· Exodus 20:12
· Ephesians 6:1–3

Stone Water Pots?
· These water pots were for ceremonial cleansing (based on Lev. 11:36, 15:13).
· Mark 7:1–5 describes this cultural tradition.
· These stone water pots have been found all over Israel in the regions of Galilee and Judea from the 1st Century BC–1st Century AD.