Romans 16
16
Many Personal Greetings
1 Now I commend to you Phoebe our sister, who is also a servant#Or “a deaconess”; some interpreters understand this term to refer to a specific office (deacon/deaconess) which Phoebe held in the local church at Cenchrea of the church in Cenchrea, 2in order that you may welcome her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints, and help her in whatever task she may have need from you, for she herself also has been a helper of many, even me myself.
3Greet Prisca and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus, 4who risked their own necks for my life, for which not only I am thankful, but also all the churches of the Gentiles; 5also greet#The verb is supplied as an understood repetition from v. 3 the church in their house. Greet Epenetus my dear friend, who is the first convert#Literally “the first fruits” of Asia for Christ. 6Greet Mary, who has worked hard#Literally “has labored much” for you. 7Greet Andronicus and Junia,#Or “Junias,” the masculine form of the same name my compatriots#Or “relatives” and my fellow prisoners, who are well known to#Or “are outstanding among” the apostles, who were also in Christ before me. 8Greet Ampliatus, my dear friend in the Lord. 9Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in Christ, and my dear friend Stachys. 10Greet Apelles, who is approved in Christ. Greet those of the household of Aristobulus. 11Greet Herodion my compatriot.#Or “relative” Greet those of the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord. 12Greet Tryphena and Tryphosa, the laborers in the Lord. Greet Persis, the dear friend who has worked hard#Literally “has labored much” in the Lord. 13Greet Rufus, the chosen one in the Lord, and his mother and mine. 14Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers with them. 15Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them. 16Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.
Concluding Exhortations
17Now I exhort you, brothers, to look out for those who cause dissensions and temptations contrary to the teaching which you learned, and stay away from them. 18For such people do not serve our Lord Christ, but their own stomach, and by smooth speech and flattery they deceive the hearts of the unsuspecting. 19For the report of your obedience has reached to all; therefore I am rejoicing over you, and I want you to be wise toward what is good, but innocent toward what is evil. 20And in a short time the God of peace will crush Satan under your feet. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ#Some manuscripts omit “Christ” be with you.
Greetings from Paul’s Associates
21Timothy, my fellow worker, greets you, and Lucius and Jason and Sosipater, my compatriots.#Or “relatives”
22I, Tertius, the one who wrote this letter, greet you in the Lord.
23Gaius, my host and the host of the whole church, greets you. Erastus the city treasurer greets you, and Quartus the brother.
Benediction
24The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with all of you. Amen.#Some manuscripts include vv. 25–27, “25 Now to the one who is able to strengthen you according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery that had been kept secret for eternal ages, 26 but now has been revealed, and through the prophetic scriptures has been made known according to the command of the eternal God, resulting in obedience of faith to all the Gentiles, 27 to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory for eternity. Amen.”
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Romans 16: LEB
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Romans 16
16
Phoebe Commended. 1#Some authorities regard these verses as a later addition to the letter, but in general the evidence favors the view that they were included in the original. Paul endeavors through the long list of greetings (Rom 16:3–16, 21–23) to establish strong personal contact with congregations that he has not personally encountered before. The combination of Jewish and Gentile names dramatically attests the unity in the gospel that transcends previous barriers of nationality, religious ceremony, or racial status. I commend to you Phoebe our sister, who is [also] a minister#Minister: in Greek, diakonos; see note on Phil 1:1. of the church at Cenchreae,#Acts 18:18. 2that you may receive her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the holy ones, and help her in whatever she may need from you, for she has been a benefactor to many and to me as well.
Paul’s Greetings. 3Greet Prisca and Aquila,#Prisca and Aquila: presumably the couple mentioned at Acts 18:2; 1 Cor 16:19; 2 Tm 4:19. my co-workers in Christ Jesus,#Acts 18:2, 18–26; 1 Cor 16:19; 2 Tm 4:19. 4who risked their necks for my life, to whom not only I am grateful but also all the churches of the Gentiles; 5greet also the church at their house.#The church at their house: i.e., that meets there. Such local assemblies (cf. 1 Cor 16:19; Col 4:15; Phlm 2) might consist of only one or two dozen Christians each. It is understandable, therefore, that such smaller groups might experience difficulty in relating to one another on certain issues. Firstfruits: cf. Rom 8:23; 11:16; 1 Cor 16:15. Greet my beloved Epaenetus, who was the firstfruits in Asia for Christ.#1 Cor 16:19; Col 4:15; Phlm 2 / 1 Cor 16:15. 6Greet Mary, who has worked hard for you. 7Greet Andronicus and Junia,#The name Junia is a woman’s name. One ancient Greek manuscript and a number of ancient versions read the name “Julia.” Most editors have interpreted it as a man’s name, Junias. my relatives and my fellow prisoners; they are prominent among the apostles and they were in Christ before me. 8Greet Ampliatus, my beloved in the Lord. 9Greet Urbanus, our co-worker in Christ, and my beloved Stachys. 10Greet Apelles, who is approved in Christ. Greet those who belong to the family of Aristobulus. 11Greet my relative Herodion. Greet those in the Lord who belong to the family of Narcissus. 12Greet those workers in the Lord, Tryphaena and Tryphosa. Greet the beloved Persis, who has worked hard in the Lord. 13Greet Rufus,#This Rufus cannot be identified to any degree of certainty with the Rufus of Mk 15:21. chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine.#Mk 15:21. 14Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers who are with them. 15Greet Philologus, Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the holy ones who are with them. 16Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.#1 Cor 16:20; 2 Cor 13:12; 1 Thes 5:26; 1 Pt 5:14.
Against Factions. 17#Paul displays genuine concern for the congregations in Rome by warning them against self-seeking teachers. It would be a great loss, he intimates, if their obedience, which is known to all (cf. Rom 1:8), would be diluted. I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who create dissensions and obstacles, in opposition to the teaching that you learned; avoid them.#Mt 7:15; Ti 3:10. 18For such people do not serve our Lord Christ but their own appetites, and by fair and flattering speech they deceive the hearts of the innocent.#Phil 3:18–19; Col 2:4; 2 Pt 2:3. 19For while your obedience is known to all, so that I rejoice over you, I want you to be wise as to what is good, and simple as to what is evil;#1:8; Mt 10:16; 1 Cor 14:20. 20then the God of peace will quickly crush Satan#This verse contains the only mention of Satan in Romans. under your feet. The grace of our Lord Jesus be with you.#15:33; Gn 3:15; Lk 10:19 / 1 Cor 16:23; 1 Thes 5:28; 2 Thes 3:18.
Greetings from Corinth. 21Timothy, my co-worker, greets you; so do Lucius and Jason and Sosipater, my relatives.#Acts 16:1–2; 19:22; 20:4; 1 Cor 4:17; 16:10; Phil 2:19–22; Heb 13:23. 22I, Tertius, the writer of this letter, greet you in the Lord. 23#Acts 19:29; 1 Cor 1:14 / 2 Tm 4:20. Gaius, who is host to me and to the whole church, greets you. Erastus,#This Erastus is not necessarily to be identified with the Erastus of Acts 19:22 or of 2 Tm 4:20. the city treasurer, and our brother Quartus greet you. [24]#Some manuscripts add, similarly to Rom 16:20, “The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.”
Doxology.#This doxology is assigned variously to the end of Rom 14; 15; 16 in the manuscript tradition. Some manuscripts omit it entirely. Whether written by Paul or not, it forms an admirable conclusion to the letter at this point. [25Now to him who can strengthen you, according to my gospel and the proclamation of Jesus Christ,#1 Cor 2:7; Eph 1:9; 3:3–9; Col 1:26. according to the revelation of the mystery kept secret for long ages#Paul’s gospel reveals the mystery kept secret for long ages: justification and salvation through faith, with all the implications for Jews and Gentiles that Paul has developed in the letter. 26but now manifested through the prophetic writings and, according to the command of the eternal God, made known to all nations to bring about the obedience of faith,#2 Tm 1:10 / Rom 1:5; Eph 3:4–5, 9; 1 Pt 1:20. 27to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ be glory forever and ever. Amen.]#11:36; Gal 1:5; Eph 3:20–21; Phil 4:20; 1 Tm 1:17; 2 Tm 4:18; Heb 13:21; 1 Pt 4:11; 2 Pt 3:18; Jude 25; Rev 1:6.
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