Judges 1
1
Israel Continues Its Conquest
1After the death of Joshua, the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” inquired of Yahweh, saying, “Who will go up first for us against the Canaanites#Hebrew “Canaanite” to fight against them?” 2And Yahweh said, “Judah will go up. I hereby give the land into his hand.” 3And Judah said to Simeon his brother, “Go up with me into my allotment, and let us fight against the Canaanites; then I too will go with you into your allotment.” And Simeon went with him. 4And Judah went up, and Yahweh gave the Canaanites#Hebrew “Canaanite” and the Perizzites#Hebrew “Perizzite” into their hand, and they defeated ten thousand men at Bezek. 5At Bezek they came upon Adoni-bezek, and they fought against him and defeated the Canaanites#Hebrew “Canaanite” and the Perizzites.#Hebrew “Perizzite” 6And Adoni-bezek fled, but they pursued after him; they caught him and cut off his thumbs and big toes.#Literally “the thumbs of his hands and feet” 7Adoni-bezek said, “Seventy kings with their thumbs and big toes#Literally “the thumbs of their hands and feet” cut off used to pick up scraps under my table; just as I have done, so God has repaid to me. And they brought him to Jerusalem, and he died there.
8The descendants#Or “sons/children” of Judah fought against Jerusalem, and they captured it, put it to the sword,#Literally “they struck it with the mouth of the sword” and set the city on fire.#Literally “the city they sent away with fire” 9Afterward the descendants#Or “sons/children” of Judah pursued to fight against the Canaanites#Hebrew “Canaanite” who were living in the hill country, the Negev,#An arid region south of the Judean hills and the Shephelah.#A geographical region associated with an area of low country on the western edge of the Judaean hills. 10And Judah went against the Canaanites#Hebrew “Canaanite” living in Hebron (the former name of Hebron was Kiriath Arba). And they defeated Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai.
11And from there they went to the inhabitants of Debir (the former name of Debir was Kiriath Sepher). 12And Caleb said, “Whoever attacks Kiriath Sepher and captures it, I will give to him Acsah my daughter as a wife.” 13Othniel son of Kenaz, the younger brother of Caleb, captured it, and he gave to him Acsah his daughter as a wife. 14When she came to him, she urged him to ask her father for a field. As she dismounted from the donkey, Caleb said to her, “What do you want?”#Literally “What is for you?” 15And she said to him, “Give me a gift;#Literally “blessing” you have given me the land of the Negev,#An arid region south of the Judaean hills and give me also a spring of water.” And Caleb gave to her the upper and lower spring.#Judges 1:11–15 is almost identical to Joshua 15:13–19
16The descendants#Or “sons/children” of Hobab the Kenite, Moses’ father-in-law, went up with the descendants#Or “sons/children” of Judah from the city of palms into the wilderness of Judah, which is in the Negev#An arid region south of the Judaean hills near Arad. And they went#Hebrew “he went” and settled with the people. 17And Judah went with his brother Simeon, and they defeated the Canaanites#Hebrew “Canaanite” inhabiting Zephath; they utterly destroyed it, so he called the name of the city Hormah. 18Judah captured Gaza and its territory, Ashkelon and its territory, and Ekron and its territory. 19And Yahweh was with Judah, and he took possession of the hill country, but they could not drive out the inhabitants of the plain because they had chariots of iron. 20They gave Hebron to Caleb just as Moses said, and he drove out the three sons of Anak from there. 21But the descendants#Or “sons/children” of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites#Hebrew “Jebusite” who lived in Jerusalem, so the Jebusites have lived among the descendants#Or “sons/children” of Benjamin in Jerusalem to this day.
22Likewise, the house of Joseph went up against Bethel, and Yahweh was with them. 23And the house of Joseph spied out Bethel (the former name of the city was Luz). 24And when the spies saw a man leaving the city,#Or “going out from the city” they said to him, “Please show us the entrance of the city, and we will deal kindly#Or “do a loyal love” with you.” 25So he showed them the entrance of the city, and they struck the city with the edge of the sword,#Literally “the mouth of the sword” but they let go the man and all his family. 26And the man went to the land of the Hittites, and he built a city and named it Luz; this is its name to this day.
27Manasseh did not drive out Beth-Sean and its towns, or Taanach and its towns, or the inhabitants#Hebrew “inhabitant” of Dor and its towns, or the inhabitants of Ibleam and its towns, or the inhabitants of Megiddo and its towns; the Canaanites#Hebrew “Canaanite” were determined to live in this land. 28And it happened, when Israel grew strong, they put the Canaanites#Hebrew “Canaanite” to forced labor, but they never totally drove them out. 29Ephraim did not drive out the Canaanites#Hebrew “Canaanite” living in Gezer, so the Canaanites#Hebrew “Canaanite” lived in their midst in Gezer. 30Zebulun did not drive out the inhabitants of Kitron or Nahalol, so the Canaanites#Hebrew “Canaanite” lived in their midst and became subjected to forced labor. 31Asher did not drive out the inhabitants of Acco, Sidon, Ahlab, Aczib, Helbah, Aphik, or Rehob, 32so the Asherites#Hebrew “Asherite” lived in the midst of the Canaanites,#Hebrew “Canaanite” the inhabitants of the land, for they did not drive them out.
33Naphtali did not drive out the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh or Beth-anath, but lived in the midst of the Canaanites,#Hebrew “Canaanite” the inhabitants of the land; the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh and Beth-anath became forced labor for them.
34The Amorites pressed#Or “forced” the descendants#Or “sons/children” of Dan to the hill country, and they did not allow them to come down to the plain; 35the Amorites were determined to live in Har-heres,#Or “Mount Heres” in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim, but the hand of the house of Joseph was heavy on them, and they became subjected to forced labor. 36The border of the Amorites#Hebrew “Amorite” ran from the ascent of Akrabbim from Sela and upward.
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Judges 1
1
Jerusalem Is Captured
1Now it came about after the death of Joshua, that the #1:1 In general, sons of Israel or Israel or Israelites refers to all the people (males and females) of the various tribes descended from the twelve sons (Gen 35:23-26) of Jacob (later renamed Israel by God). In verses concerning things such as warfare or circumcision sons of Israel or Israel or Israelites usually refers only to the males. Tribes of ancient people were identified by the name of their founding ancestor. Therefore, this same general rule applies when referring to individual tribal groups, e.g. sons of Reuben, Reuben, Reubenites and so throughout.sons (descendants) of Israel (Jacob) asked the Lord, “Who shall go up first for us against the Canaanites, to fight against them?” 2And the Lord said, “Judah shall go up [first]; behold, I have given the land into his hand.” 3And [the tribe of the sons of] Judah said to [the tribe of the sons of] Simeon his brother, “Come up with me into my allotted territory, so that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go with you into your allotted territory.” So Simeon went with him. 4Then Judah went up, and the Lord gave the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand, and they struck down in defeat ten thousand men at Bezek. 5Then they found Adoni-bezek in Bezek and fought against him, and they struck down in defeat the Canaanites and the Perizzites. 6But Adoni-bezek fled; and they pursued him and caught him and cut off his thumbs and his big toes. 7Adoni-bezek said, “Seventy kings with their thumbs and big toes cut off used to gather up scraps of food under my table; as I have done [to others], so God has repaid me.” So they brought him to Jerusalem, and he died there.
8Then the sons of Judah fought against [Jebusite] Jerusalem and #1:8 Judah briefly captured Jerusalem, but could not hold and occupy it.captured it and struck it with the edge of the sword and set the city on fire. 9Afterward the sons of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites who lived in the hill country, in the Negev (South country) and in the lowland. 10So Judah went against the Canaanites who lived in Hebron (the name of Hebron formerly was Kiriath-arba); and they defeated Sheshai and Ahiman and Talmai.
Capture of Other Cities
11From there [the tribe of] Judah went against the inhabitants of Debir (the name of Debir formerly was Kiriath-sepher [city of books and scribes]). 12And Caleb said, “Whoever attacks Kiriath-sepher and captures it, I will even give him my daughter Achsah as a wife.” 13Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, captured it; so he gave him his daughter Achsah as a wife. 14When she came to Othniel, she persuaded him to [allow her to] ask her father [Caleb] for a field. Then she [rode up to Caleb and] dismounted from her donkey, and Caleb said to her, “What do you want?” 15She said to him, “Give me a blessing; since you have given me the land of the Negev (South country), give me springs of water, too.” So Caleb gave her the upper springs and the lower springs.
16The sons of [#1:16 Also called Reuel (Ex 2:18).Jethro] the Kenite, Moses’ father-in-law, went up from the City of Palms (Jericho) with the sons of Judah, to the wilderness of Judah which is in the Negev (South country) near Arad; and they went and lived with the people. [Ex 3:1] 17Then [the warriors of the tribe of] Judah went with [the warriors of the tribe of] Simeon his brother, and they struck the Canaanites living in Zephath and utterly destroyed it. So the city was called Hormah (destruction). 18Also [the warriors of] Judah captured Gaza with its territory and Ashkelon with its territory and Ekron with its territory. 19The Lord was with Judah, and [the tribe of] Judah took possession of the hill country, but they could not dispossess and drive out those inhabiting the valley because they had iron chariots. 20Then they gave Hebron to Caleb, as Moses had said, and he drove out from there the three sons of Anak. [Josh 14:6, 9] 21But the sons of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites who inhabited Jerusalem; so the Jebusites have lived with the sons of Benjamin in Jerusalem to this day.
22The #1:22 I.e. the tribes of the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim.house of Joseph also went up against Bethel, and the Lord was with them. 23The house of Joseph spied out Bethel (now the name of the city was formerly Luz). 24The spies saw a man coming out of the city and they said to him, “Please show us the entrance to the city and we will treat you kindly.” 25So he showed them the entrance to the city, and they struck the city with the edge of the sword, but they let the man and all his family go free. 26The man went into the #1:26 I.e. Aram (northern Syria).land of the Hittites and built a city and named it Luz, which is its name to this day.
Places Not Conquered
27But [the tribe of] Manasseh did not take possession of Beth-shean and its villages, or Taanach and its villages, or the inhabitants of Dor and its villages, or the inhabitants of Ibleam and its villages, or the inhabitants of Megiddo and its villages; so the Canaanites remained in that land. 28It happened when Israel became strong, that they put the Canaanites to forced labor, but they did not drive them out completely.
29Neither did [the warriors of] Ephraim drive out the Canaanites who were living in Gezer; so the Canaanites lived in Gezer among them.
30[The warriors of the tribe of] Zebulun did not drive out the inhabitants of Kitron or of Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and were put to forced labor.
31[The warriors of the tribe of] Asher did not drive out the inhabitants of Acco, or the inhabitants of Sidon, or of Ahlab, or of Achzib, or of Helbah, or of Aphik, or of Rehob. 32So the Asherites lived among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land, because they did not drive them out.
33Neither did [the warriors of] Naphtali drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh, or the inhabitants of Beth-anath, but they lived among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land; and the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and of Beth-anath became forced labor for them.
34Then the #1:34 Like the other Canaanites, the Amorites probably had iron chariots with which they controlled the valley.Amorites forced the sons of Dan [back] into the hill country, for they would not allow them to come down into the valley; 35yet the Amorites persisted in living on Mount Heres (the mountain of the sun), in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim; but when the power of the house (descendants) of Joseph became strong and prevailed, they became forced labor. 36The border of the Amorites ran from the ascent of Akrabbim, from #1:36 Some scholars identify Sela with Petra in modern day Jordan.Sela (rock) and upward.
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