Romans 9
9
Israel’s Rejection of Christ
1I speak the truth in Christ # Rm 1:9; 2Co 11:10; Gl 1:20; 1Tm 2:7 — I am not lying; my conscience is testifying to me with the Holy Spirit # Or testifying with me by the Holy Spirit — 2that I have intense sorrow and continual anguish in my heart. 3For I could almost wish # Ex 32:32 to be cursed # 1Co 12:3; 16:22; Gl 1:8,9 and cut off # Lit were anathema from the Messiah for the benefit of my brothers, my own flesh and blood. 4They are Israelites, # Rm 8:6 and to them belong the adoption, # Ex 4:22; Rm 8:15 the glory, # Ex 40:34; 1Kg 8:11; Ezk 1:28; Heb 9:5 the covenants, # Gn 17:2; Dt 29:14; Lk 1:72; Ac 3:25; Eph 2:12 the giving of the law, # Dt 4:13-14; Ps 147:19 the temple service, # Dt 7:6; 14:1; Heb 9:1,6 and the promises. # Ac 2:39; 13:32; Eph 2:12 5The ancestors are theirs, # Ac 3:13; Rm 11:28 and from them, by physical descent, # Lit them, according to the flesh came the Messiah, # Mt 1:1-16; Rm 1:3 who is God # Jn 1:1; Col 2:9 over all, # Col 1:16-19 praised forever. # Or the Messiah, the One who is over all, the God who is blessed forever, or Messiah. God, who is over all, be blessed forever # Rm 1:25 Amen.
God’s Gracious Election of Israel
6But it is not as though the word of God has failed. # Nm 23:19 For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel. # Jn 1:47; Rm 2:28-29; Gl 6:16 7Neither are they all children because they are Abraham’s descendants. # Lit seed # Jn 8:33,39; Gl 4:23 On the contrary, your offspring will be traced # Lit called through Isaac. # Gn 21:12; Heb 11:18 # Gn 21:12 8That is, it is not the children by physical descent # Lit children of the flesh who are God’s children, # Rm 8:14 but the children of the promise # Rm 4:13,16; Gl 3:29; 4:28; Heb 11:11 are considered to be the offspring. 9For this is the statement of the promise: At this time I will come, and Sarah will have a son. # Gn 18:10,14 # Gn 18:10,14 10And not only that, # Rm 5:3 but also Rebekah received a promise when she became pregnant # Or Rebekah conceived by the one act of sexual intercourse # Gn 25:21 by one man, our ancestor Isaac. 11For though her sons had not been born yet or done anything good or bad, so that God’s purpose according to election might stand — # Rm 4:17; 8:28 12not from works but from the One who calls — she was told: The older will serve the younger. # Gn 25:23 # Gn 25:23 13As it is written: I have loved Jacob, but I have hated Esau. # Mal 1:2-3 # Mal 1:2-3
God’s Selection Is Just
14What should we say then? # Rm 3:5 Is there injustice with God? # 2Ch 19:7; Rm 2:11 Absolutely not! # Lk 20:16 15For He tells Moses:
I will show mercy
to whom I will show mercy,
and I will have compassion
on whom I will have compassion. # Ex 33:19 # Ex 33:19
16So then it does not depend on human will or effort # Or on the one running; lit on the one willing # Gl 2:2 but on God who shows mercy. # Eph 2:8 17For the Scripture tells Pharaoh:
I raised you up for this reason
so that I may display My power in you
and that My name may be proclaimed in all the earth. # Ex 9:16 # Ex 9:16
18So then, He shows mercy to those He wants to, and He hardens those He wants to harden. # Ex 4:21; 7:3; 9:12; 10:20,27; 11:10; 14:4,7; Dt 2:30; Jos 11:20; Jn 12:40; Rm 11:7,25
19You will say to me, # Rm 11:19; 1Co 15:25; Jms 2:18 therefore, “Why then does He still find fault? # Rm 3:7 For who can resist His will? ” # 2Ch 20:6; Jb 9:12; Dn 4:35 20But who are you, a mere man, to talk back to God? # Jb 33:13 Will what is formed say to the one who formed it, “Why did you make me like this? ” # Is 29:16; 45:9; 64:8; Jr 18:6; 2Tm 2:20 21Or has the potter no right over the clay, # Is 64:8; Jr 18:6 to make from the same lump one piece of pottery for honor and another for dishonor? 22And what if God, desiring to display His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much patience # Rm 2:4 objects of wrath ready for destruction? # Pr 16:4; 1Pt 2:8 23And what if He did this to make known the riches of His glory # Rm 2:4; Eph 3:16 on objects of mercy # Ac 9:15 that He prepared beforehand for glory # Rm 8:29 — 24on us, the ones He also called, # Rm 8:28 not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles? # Rm 3:29 25As He also says in Hosea:
I will call Not My People, My People,
and she who is Unloved, Beloved. # Hs 2:23; 1Pt 2:10 # Hs 2:23
26And it will be in the place where they were told,
you are not My people,
there they will be called sons of the living God. # Hs 1:10; Mt 16:16 # Hs 1:10
27But Isaiah cries out concerning Israel:
Though the number of Israel’s sons
is like the sand of the sea, # Gn 22:17
only the remnant will be saved; # Rm 11:5
28for the Lord will execute His sentence
completely and decisively on the earth. # Or land # Is 10:22-23; 28:22 # Is 10:22-23; 28:22; Hs 1:10
29And just as Isaiah predicted:
If the Lord of Hosts # Gk Sabaoth ; this word is a transliteration of the Hb word for Hosts, or Armies. had not left us offspring, # Jms 5:4
we would have become like Sodom,
and we would have been made like Gomorrah. # Dt 29:23; Is 1:9; 13:19; Jr 49:18; 50:40; Am 4:11 # Is 1:9
Israel’s Present State
30What should we say then? # Rm 9:14 Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have obtained righteousness — namely the righteousness that comes from faith. # Rm 1:17; 3:21; 10:6; Gl 2:16; 3:24; Php 3:9; Heb 11:7 31But Israel, pursuing the law for righteousness, # Is 51:1; Rm 10:2,20; 11:7 has not achieved the righteousness of the law. # Other mss read the law for righteousness # Gl 5:4 32Why is that? Because they did not pursue it by faith, but as if it were by works. # Other mss add of the law They stumbled over the stumbling stone. # 1Pt 2:6,8 33As it is written:
Look! I am putting a stone in Zion to stumble over
and a rock to trip over,
yet the one who believes on Him # Rm 10:11
will not be put to shame. # Is 8:14; 28:16; Rm 5:5 # Is 8:14; 28:16
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Romans 9
9
1 I tell the truth in Christ. I am not lying, my conscience testifying with me in the Holy Spirit 2that I have great sorrow and unceasing pain in my heart. 3For I could wish that I myself were accursed from Christ for my brothers’ sake, my relatives according to the flesh 4who are Israelites; whose is the adoption, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the service, and the promises; 5of whom are the fathers, and from whom is Christ as concerning the flesh, who is over all, God, blessed forever. Amen.
6 But it is not as though the word of God has come to nothing. For they are not all Israel that are of Israel. 7Neither, because they are Abraham’s offspring, are they all children. But, “your offspring will be accounted as from Isaac.”#Genesis 21:12 8That is, it is not the children of the flesh who are children of God, but the children of the promise are counted as heirs. 9For this is a word of promise: “At the appointed time I will come, and Sarah will have a son.”#Genesis 18:10,14 10Not only so, but Rebekah also conceived by one, by our father Isaac. 11For being not yet born, neither having done anything good or bad, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him who calls,#9:11 NU puts the phrase “not of works, but of him who calls” at the beginning of verse 12 instead of the end of verse 11. 12it was said to her, “The elder will serve the younger.”#Genesis 25:23 13Even as it is written, “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”#Malachi 1:2-3
14 What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? May it never be! 15For he said to Moses, “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”#Exodus 33:19 16So then it is not of him who wills, nor of him who runs, but of God who has mercy. 17For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, “For this very purpose I caused you to be raised up, that I might show in you my power, and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.”#Exodus 9:16 18So then, he has mercy on whom he desires, and he hardens whom he desires.
19 You will say then to me, “Why does he still find fault? For who withstands his will?” 20But indeed, O man, who are you to reply against God? Will the thing formed ask him who formed it, “Why did you make me like this?”#Isaiah 29:16; 45:9 21Or hasn’t the potter a right over the clay, from the same lump to make one part a vessel for honour, and another for dishonour? 22What if God, willing to show his wrath and to make his power known, endured with much patience vessels of wrath prepared for destruction, 23and that he might make known the riches of his glory on vessels of mercy, which he prepared beforehand for glory— 24us, whom he also called, not from the Jews only, but also from the Gentiles? 25As he says also in Hosea,
“I will call them ‘my people,’ which were not my people;
and her ‘beloved,’ who was not beloved.”#Hosea 2:23
26“It will be that in the place where it was said to them, ‘You are not my people,’
there they will be called ‘children of the living God.’”#Hosea 1:10
27 Isaiah cries concerning Israel,
“If the number of the children of Israel are as the sand of the sea,
it is the remnant who will be saved;
28 for he will finish the work and cut it short in righteousness,
because the Lord will make a short work upon the earth.”#Isaiah 10:22-23
29 As Isaiah has said before,
“Unless the Lord of Armies#9:29 Greek: Sabaoth (or Hebrew: Tze’va’ot) had left us a seed,
we would have become like Sodom,
and would have been made like Gomorrah.”#Isaiah 1:9
30 What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, who didn’t follow after righteousness, attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith; 31but Israel, following after a law of righteousness, didn’t arrive at the law of righteousness. 32Why? Because they didn’t seek it by faith, but as it were by works of the law. They stumbled over the stumbling stone, 33even as it is written,
“Behold,#9:33 “Behold”, from “ἰδοὺ”, means look at, take notice, observe, see, or gaze at. It is often used as an interjection. I lay in Zion a stumbling stone and a rock of offence;
and no one who believes in him will be disappointed.”#Isaiah 8:14; 28:16
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