John 19

Jesus Delivered to Be Crucified

1Then Pilate took Jesus and #Matt. 20:19; 27:26; Mark 15:15; Luke 23:16flogged him. 2#Matt. 27:27-30; Mark 15:16-19And the soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns and put it on his head and arrayed him in a purple robe. 3They came up to him, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” and struck him with their hands. 4Pilate went out again and said to them, “See, I am bringing him out to you that you may know that #ver. 6; ch. 18:38I find no guilt in him.” 5So Jesus came out, wearing #ver. 2 the crown of thorns and the purple robe. Pilate said to them, #[ver. 14]“Behold the man!” 6When the chief priests and the officers saw him, they cried out, “Crucify him, crucify him!” Pilate said to them, #[ch. 18:31] “Take him yourselves and crucify him, for #ver. 4I find no guilt in him.” 7The Jews#19:7 Greek Ioudaioi probably refers here to Jewish religious leaders, and others under their influence, in that time; also verses 12, 14, 31, 38 answered him, “We have a law, and #Lev. 24:16; [ch. 10:33] according to that law he ought to die because #ch. 5:17, 18; 10:36; Matt. 26:63; Luke 22:70he has made himself the Son of God.” 8When Pilate heard this statement, #[Matt. 27:19]he was even more afraid. 9#ch. 18:33 He entered his headquarters again and said to Jesus, #ch. 7:27 “Where are you from?” But #[ch. 18:37]; See Matt. 26:63Jesus gave him no answer. 10So Pilate said to him, “You will not speak to me? Do you not know that I have authority to release you and authority to crucify you?” 11Jesus answered him, #[Rom. 13:1] “You would have no authority over me at all unless it had been given you from above. Therefore #[ch. 18:14, 28-32; Matt. 27:2] he who delivered me over to you #See ch. 9:41has the greater sin.”

12From then on #Acts 3:13 Pilate sought to release him, but the Jews cried out, “If you release this man, you are not Caesar’s friend. #See Luke 23:2Everyone who makes himself a king opposes Caesar.” 13So when Pilate heard these words, he brought Jesus out and sat down on #Matt. 27:19the judgment seat at a place called The Stone Pavement, and in Aramaic#19:13 Or Hebrew; also verses 17, 20 Gabbatha. 14Now it was #[ch. 18:28]; See Matt. 27:62 the day of Preparation of the Passover. It was about the sixth hour.#19:14 That is, about noon He said to the Jews, #[ver. 5]“Behold your King!” 15They cried out, #Luke 23:18; [Acts 21:36]“Away with him, away with him, crucify him!” Pilate said to them, “Shall I crucify your King?” The chief priests answered, “We have no king but Caesar.” 16#Matt. 27:26; Mark 15:15; Luke 23:25 So he #ch. 18:36-40delivered him over to them to be crucified.

The Crucifixion

So they took Jesus, 17and #Matt. 27:33; Mark 15:22; Luke 23:33 he went out, #Luke 14:27; [Matt. 27:32; Mark 15:21; Luke 23:26]bearing his own cross, to the place called The Place of a Skull, which in Aramaic is called Golgotha. 18#Matt. 27:38; Mark 15:24, 27; Luke 23:32, 33There they crucified him, and with him two others, one on either side, and Jesus between them. 19Pilate #[Matt. 27:37; Mark 15:26; Luke 23:38]also wrote an inscription and put it on the cross. It read, “Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.” 20Many of the Jews read this inscription, for #ver. 17; [Num. 15:35, 36; Heb. 13:12]the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Aramaic, in Latin, and in Greek. 21So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but rather, ‘This man said, I am King of the Jews.’” 22Pilate answered, #[Gen. 43:14; Esth. 4:16]“What I have written I have written.”

23 # Matt. 27:35; Mark 15:24; Luke 23:34 When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they took his garments and divided them into four parts, one part for each soldier; also his tunic.#19:23 Greek chiton, a long garment worn under the cloak next to the skin But the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom, 24so they said to one another, “Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it to see whose it shall be.” #See ch. 13:18 This was to fulfill the Scripture which says,

# Cited from Ps. 22:18 “They divided my garments among them,

and for my clothing they cast lots.”

So the soldiers did these things, 25#Matt. 27:55, 56; Mark 15:40, 41; Luke 23:49but standing by the cross of Jesus were his mother and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. 26When Jesus saw his mother and #See ch. 13:23 the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to his mother, #ch. 2:4“Woman, behold, your son!” 27Then he said to the disciple, “Behold, your mother!” And from that hour the disciple took her to #[ch. 16:32]his own home.

The Death of Jesus

28After this, Jesus, knowing that all was now #[ver. 30] finished, said (#[See ver. 24 above] to fulfill the Scripture), #Ps. 69:21; See ch. 4:6, 7“I thirst.” 29A jar full of sour wine stood there, #Matt. 27:48; Mark 15:36; [Luke 23:36]so they put a sponge full of the sour wine on a hyssop branch and held it to his mouth. 30When Jesus had received the sour wine, he said, #[ver. 28; Acts 13:29]; See ch. 17:4 “It is finished,” and he bowed his head and #Matt. 27:50; Mark 15:37; Luke 23:46gave up his spirit.

Jesus’ Side Is Pierced

31Since it was #ver. 14 the day of Preparation, and #Deut. 21:23; Josh. 8:29; 10:26, 27 so that the bodies would not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was #Ex. 12:16a high day), the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken and that they might be taken away. 32So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first, and of the other #ver. 18who had been crucified with him. 33But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs. 34But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and at once there came out #1 John 5:6, 8blood and water. 35#1 John 1:1-3; Rev. 1:2; See ch. 15:27 He who saw it has borne witness—#[ch. 21:24] his testimony is true, and he knows that he is telling the truth—#[ch. 20:31]that you also may believe. 36#See Matt. 1:22 For these things took place that the Scripture might be fulfilled: #Cited from Ex. 12:46; Num. 9:12; [1 Cor. 5:7] “Not one of his bones #Ps. 34:20will be broken.” 37And again another Scripture says, #Cited from Zech. 12:10; [Rev. 1:7]“They will look on him whom they have pierced.”

Jesus Is Buried

38 # For ver. 38-42, see Matt. 27:57-61; Mark 15:42-47; Luke 23:50-56 After these things Joseph of Arimathea, who was a disciple of Jesus, but secretly #See ch. 7:13for fear of the Jews, asked Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus, and Pilate gave him permission. So he came and took away his body. 39#ch. 3:1, 2; 7:50 Nicodemus also, who earlier had come to Jesus#19:39 Greek him by night, came #[Mark 16:1; Luke 24:1] bringing a mixture of #Ps. 45:8; Prov. 7:17; Song 4:14myrrh and aloes, about seventy-five pounds#19:39 Greek one hundred litras; a litra (or Roman pound) was equal to about 11 1/2 ounces or 327 grams in weight. 40So they took the body of Jesus and #ch. 11:44; [2 Chr. 16:14; Acts 5:6] bound it in #ch. 20:5-7; Luke 24:12linen cloths with the spices, as is the burial custom of the Jews. 41Now in the place where he was crucified there was a #[ch. 20:15] garden, and #2 Kgs. 21:18, 26 in the garden a new tomb #Luke 23:53; [Mark 11:2]in which no one had yet been laid. 42So because of the Jewish #ver. 14, 31 day of Preparation, #ver. 41since the tomb was close at hand, they laid Jesus there.

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John 19: ESV

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John 19

Jesus Sentenced to Death

1Then Pilate had Jesus flogged with a lead-tipped whip. 2The soldiers wove a crown of thorns and put it on his head, and they put a purple robe on him. 3“Hail! King of the Jews!” they mocked, as they slapped him across the face.

4Pilate went outside again and said to the people, “I am going to bring him out to you now, but understand clearly that I find him not guilty.” 5Then Jesus came out wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe. And Pilate said, “Look, here is the man!”

6When they saw him, the leading priests and Temple guards began shouting, “Crucify him! Crucify him!”

“Take him yourselves and crucify him,” Pilate said. “I find him not guilty.”

7The Jewish leaders replied, “By our law he ought to die because he called himself the Son of God.”

8When Pilate heard this, he was more frightened than ever. 9He took Jesus back into the headquarters#19:9 Greek the Praetorium. again and asked him, “Where are you from?” But Jesus gave no answer. 10“Why don’t you talk to me?” Pilate demanded. “Don’t you realize that I have the power to release you or crucify you?”

11Then Jesus said, “You would have no power over me at all unless it were given to you from above. So the one who handed me over to you has the greater sin.”

12Then Pilate tried to release him, but the Jewish leaders shouted, “If you release this man, you are no ‘friend of Caesar.’#19:12 “Friend of Caesar” is a technical term that refers to an ally of the emperor. Anyone who declares himself a king is a rebel against Caesar.”

13When they said this, Pilate brought Jesus out to them again. Then Pilate sat down on the judgment seat on the platform that is called the Stone Pavement (in Hebrew, Gabbatha). 14It was now about noon on the day of preparation for the Passover. And Pilate said to the people,#19:14 Greek Jewish people; also in 19:20. “Look, here is your king!”

15“Away with him,” they yelled. “Away with him! Crucify him!”

“What? Crucify your king?” Pilate asked.

“We have no king but Caesar,” the leading priests shouted back.

16Then Pilate turned Jesus over to them to be crucified.

The Crucifixion

So they took Jesus away. 17Carrying the cross by himself, he went to the place called Place of the Skull (in Hebrew, Golgotha). 18There they nailed him to the cross. Two others were crucified with him, one on either side, with Jesus between them. 19And Pilate posted a sign on the cross that read, “Jesus of Nazareth,#19:19 Or Jesus the Nazarene. the King of the Jews.” 20The place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and the sign was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek, so that many people could read it.

21Then the leading priests objected and said to Pilate, “Change it from ‘The King of the Jews’ to ‘He said, I am King of the Jews.’”

22Pilate replied, “No, what I have written, I have written.”

23When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they divided his clothes among the four of them. They also took his robe, but it was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom. 24So they said, “Rather than tearing it apart, let’s throw dice#19:24a Greek cast lots. for it.” This fulfilled the Scripture that says, “They divided my garments among themselves and threw dice for my clothing.”#19:24b Ps 22:18. So that is what they did.

25Standing near the cross were Jesus’ mother, and his mother’s sister, Mary (the wife of Clopas), and Mary Magdalene. 26When Jesus saw his mother standing there beside the disciple he loved, he said to her, “Dear woman, here is your son.” 27And he said to this disciple, “Here is your mother.” And from then on this disciple took her into his home.

The Death of Jesus

28Jesus knew that his mission was now finished, and to fulfill Scripture he said, “I am thirsty.”#19:28 See Pss 22:15; 69:21. 29A jar of sour wine was sitting there, so they soaked a sponge in it, put it on a hyssop branch, and held it up to his lips. 30When Jesus had tasted it, he said, “It is finished!” Then he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.

31It was the day of preparation, and the Jewish leaders didn’t want the bodies hanging there the next day, which was the Sabbath (and a very special Sabbath, because it was Passover week). So they asked Pilate to hasten their deaths by ordering that their legs be broken. Then their bodies could be taken down. 32So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the two men crucified with Jesus. 33But when they came to Jesus, they saw that he was already dead, so they didn’t break his legs. 34One of the soldiers, however, pierced his side with a spear, and immediately blood and water flowed out. 35(This report is from an eyewitness giving an accurate account. He speaks the truth so that you also may continue to believe.#19:35 Some manuscripts read that you also may believe.) 36These things happened in fulfillment of the Scriptures that say, “Not one of his bones will be broken,”#19:36 Exod 12:46; Num 9:12; Ps 34:20. 37and “They will look on the one they pierced.”#19:37 Zech 12:10.

The Burial of Jesus

38Afterward Joseph of Arimathea, who had been a secret disciple of Jesus (because he feared the Jewish leaders), asked Pilate for permission to take down Jesus’ body. When Pilate gave permission, Joseph came and took the body away. 39With him came Nicodemus, the man who had come to Jesus at night. He brought about seventy-five pounds#19:39 Greek 100 litras [32.7 kilograms]. of perfumed ointment made from myrrh and aloes. 40Following Jewish burial custom, they wrapped Jesus’ body with the spices in long sheets of linen cloth. 41The place of crucifixion was near a garden, where there was a new tomb, never used before. 42And so, because it was the day of preparation for the Jewish Passover#19:42 Greek because of the Jewish day of preparation. and since the tomb was close at hand, they laid Jesus there.

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