Ecclesiastes 1
1
1The words of the Preacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem. 2Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher; vanity of vanities, all is vanity. 3What profit hath man of all his labour wherein he laboureth under the sun?
4One generation goeth, and another generation cometh; and the earth abideth for ever. 5The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he ariseth. 6The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; it turneth about continually in its course, and the wind returneth again to its circuits. 7All the rivers run into the sea, yet the sea is not full; unto the place whither the rivers go, thither they go again. 8All things are full of weariness; man cannot utter it: the eye is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearing.
9That which hath been is that which shall be; and that which hath been done is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing under the sun. 10Is there a thing whereof men say, See, this is new? it hath been already, in the ages which were before us. 11There is no remembrance of the former generations; neither shall there be any remembrance of the latter generations that are to come, among those that shall come after.
12I the Preacher was king over Israel in Jerusalem. 13And I applied my heart to seek and to search out by wisdom concerning all that is done under heaven: it is a sore travail that God hath given to the sons of men to be exercised therewith. 14I have seen all the works that are done under the sun; and, behold, all is vanity and a striving after wind. 15That which is crooked cannot be made straight: and that which is wanting cannot be numbered. 16I communed with mine own heart, saying, Lo, I have gotten me great wisdom above all that were before me in Jerusalem: yea, my heart hath had great experience of wisdom and knowledge. 17And I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly: I perceived that this also was a striving after wind. 18For in much wisdom is much grief: and he that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow.
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maintained by the British and Foreign Bible Society
Ecclesiastes 1
1
1The words of David’s son, Qoheleth, king in Jerusalem:#David’s son…king in Jerusalem: the intent of the author is to identify himself with Solomon. This is a literary device, by which the author hopes to commend his work to the public under the name of Israel’s most famous sage (see 1 Kgs 5:9–14). #Eccl 1:12; 12:9–10.
2Vanity of vanities,#Vanity of vanities: a Hebrew superlative expressing the supreme degree of futility and emptiness. says Qoheleth,
vanity of vanities! All things are vanity!#Eccl 12:8.
Vanity of Human Toil
3What profit have we from all the toil
which we toil at under the sun?#Under the sun: used throughout this book to signify “on the earth.” #Eccl 2:11, 22; 3:9; 5:15.
4One generation departs and another generation comes,
but the world forever stays.
5The sun rises and the sun sets;
then it presses on to the place where it rises.
6Shifting south, then north,
back and forth shifts the wind, constantly shifting its course.
7All rivers flow to the sea,
yet never does the sea become full.
To the place where they flow,
the rivers continue to flow.
8All things are wearisome,#All things are wearisome: or, “All speech is wearisome.”
too wearisome for words.
The eye is not satisfied by seeing
nor has the ear enough of hearing.#Eccl 4:8; 5:9–11.
9What has been, that will be; what has been done, that will be done. Nothing is new under the sun!#Eccl 3:15; 6:10. 10Even the thing of which we say, “See, this is new!” has already existed in the ages that preceded us.#Eccl 3:15. 11There is no remembrance of past generations;#Eccl 2:16. nor will future generations be remembered by those who come after them.#Movement in nature and human activity appears to result in change and progress. The author argues that this change and progress are an illusion: “Nothing is new under the sun.”
I. QOHELETH’S INVESTIGATION OF LIFE
Twofold Introduction. 12I, Qoheleth, was king over Israel in Jerusalem, 13and I applied my mind to search and investigate in wisdom all things that are done under the sun.#Eccl 8:9.
A bad business God has given
to human beings to be busied with.
14I have seen all things that are done under the sun, and behold, all is vanity and a chase after wind.#A chase after wind: an image of futile activity, like an attempt to corral the winds; cf. Hos 12:2. The ancient versions understood “affliction, dissipation of the spirit.” This phrase concludes sections of the text as far as 6:9. #Eccl 2:11, 17.
15What is crooked cannot be made straight,
and you cannot count what is not there.#You cannot count what is not there: perhaps originally a commercial metaphor alluding to loss or deficit in the accounts ledger.
16#Eccl 2:9. Though I said to myself, “See, I have greatly increased my wisdom beyond all who were before me in Jerusalem, and my mind has broad experience of wisdom and knowledge,” 17yet when I applied my mind to know wisdom and knowledge, madness and folly, I learned that this also is a chase after wind.#Eccl 1:3; 8:16.
18For in much wisdom there is much sorrow;
whoever increases knowledge increases grief.#Sorrow…grief: these terms refer not just to a store of knowledge or to psychological or emotional pain. Corporal punishment, sometimes quite harsh, was also employed frequently by parents and teachers.
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