Romans 1
1
Paul’s Apostolic Calling
1 Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called as an apostle,* set apart for the gospel of God, 2 which He promised beforehand through His prophets in the Holy Scriptures, 3 concerning His Son, who was born as a descendant* of David according to the flesh, 4 who was declared* the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, 5 through whom we have received grace and apostleship, in order to produce the obedience that comes from faith* among all the nations for the sake of His name, 6 among whom you also are included, called to belong to Jesus Christ.*
7 To all those who are in Rome,* beloved of God, called to be saints:
Grace to you, and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
Paul’s Longing to Preach in Rome
8 First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ* for all of you, because your faith is being proclaimed in all the world. 9 For God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit in the gospel of His Son, how constantly I make mention of you, 10 always in my prayers, imploring if somehow, by the will of God, I may now at last have a successful journey to come to you. 11 For I long to see you, that I may impart some spiritual gift to you, in order to strengthen you— 12 that is, to be mutually encouraged by each other's faith,* both yours and mine. 13 And I do not want you to be ignorant, brothers, that I have determined many times to come to you but have been hindered until the present, so that I might have some fruit among you, just as also among the other Gentiles. 14 I am a debtor both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish. 15 So I am ready to preach the gospel also to you who are in Rome.*
The Revelation of God’s Righteousness
16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel,* for it is the power of God for salvation* to everyone who believes, to the Jew first* and also to the Greek. 17 For the righteousness of God is revealed in it from faith to faith, just as it is written: “But the righteous will live by faith.”*
The Revelation of God’s Wrath
18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men,* who suppress the truth in unrighteousness, 19 because what can be known about God is clear to them, for God has made it plain to them. 20 For from the creation of the world, His invisible attributes—both His eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood through what has been made, so that they are without excuse. 21 For although they knew God, they did not glorify Him as God or give thanks, but they became foolish in their thoughts,* and their foolish hearts were darkened. 22 Professing to be wise, they became foolish, 23 and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for the likeness of an image of mortal man* and birds and quadrupeds* and reptiles.
24 Therefore, God gave them over in the desires of their hearts to impurity,* to the dishonouring of their bodies among themselves, 25 who exchanged the truth of God for the untruth, and adored and worshipped the creation* rather than the One who created it, who is blessed forever.* Amen.
26 For this reason, God gave them over to passions of disgrace; for even their females exchanged the natural relationship* for that which is contrary to nature. 27 And likewise also, the males, having left the natural relationship with women, were inflamed in their desire for one another; males with males intentionally working out unseemly behaviour and receiving in themselves the reward which was fitting for their error. 28 And just as they did not see fit to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to an unfit* mind, to do the things that are not proper, 29 filled with all unrighteousness,* wickedness, covetousness, evil; full of envy, murder, contention, deceit, maliciousness. They are* gossips, 30 defamers, haters of God, insolent, proud, boasters, fabricators of evil things, disobedient to parents, 31 without understanding, untrustworthy, devoid of affection,* unmerciful, 32 who, although they know the righteous decree of God, that those who practise such things are deserving of death, they not only do the same, but also consent to those who practise them.
Notes
1 Greek a called apostle
3 Greek of the seed
4 Or openly marked out as
5 Greek for the obedience of faith
6 Greek among whom you also are the called of Jesus Christ
7 One ancient Greek manuscript omits in Rome
8 One ancient Greek manuscript omits through Jesus Christ
12 Greek that is, to be encouraged together with you by each other's faith
15 One ancient Greek manuscript omits who are in Rome . The same manuscript that omits in Rome in v. 7 also omits who are in Rome in this verse
16 Some ancient manuscripts add the genitive phrase of Christ
16 One ancient Greek manuscript omits for salvation
16 Two ancient Greek manuscripts omit first
17 Quoted from Hab. 2:4
18 Or people, as the term is understood in a generic sense
21 Or reasonings
23 Or human beings
23 Or four-footed animals
24 That is, moral impurity
25 Or creature
25 Greek to the ages
26 Greek use. The same applies in v. 27
28 Or degraded
29 Some ancient manuscripts insert sexual immorality at this point
29 The expression They are is supplied to the text on a contextual basis for the purpose of clarification
31 Some ancient manuscripts insert implacable at this point, possibly as an attempt to harmonise the reading with a parallel in 2 Tim. 3:3
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Copyright © 2026 Michael Adeyemi Adegbola. This Scripture text is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Romans 1
1
Paul’s Apostolic Calling
1 Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called as an apostle,* set apart for the gospel of God, 2 which He promised beforehand through His prophets in the Holy Scriptures, 3 concerning His Son, who was born as a descendant* of David according to the flesh, 4 who was declared* the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, 5 through whom we have received grace and apostleship, in order to produce the obedience that comes from faith* among all the nations for the sake of His name, 6 among whom you also are included, called to belong to Jesus Christ.*
7 To all those who are in Rome,* beloved of God, called to be saints:
Grace to you, and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
Paul’s Longing to Preach in Rome
8 First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ* for all of you, because your faith is being proclaimed in all the world. 9 For God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit in the gospel of His Son, how constantly I make mention of you, 10 always in my prayers, imploring if somehow, by the will of God, I may now at last have a successful journey to come to you. 11 For I long to see you, that I may impart some spiritual gift to you, in order to strengthen you— 12 that is, to be mutually encouraged by each other's faith,* both yours and mine. 13 And I do not want you to be ignorant, brothers, that I have determined many times to come to you but have been hindered until the present, so that I might have some fruit among you, just as also among the other Gentiles. 14 I am a debtor both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish. 15 So I am ready to preach the gospel also to you who are in Rome.*
The Revelation of God’s Righteousness
16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel,* for it is the power of God for salvation* to everyone who believes, to the Jew first* and also to the Greek. 17 For the righteousness of God is revealed in it from faith to faith, just as it is written: “But the righteous will live by faith.”*
The Revelation of God’s Wrath
18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men,* who suppress the truth in unrighteousness, 19 because what can be known about God is clear to them, for God has made it plain to them. 20 For from the creation of the world, His invisible attributes—both His eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood through what has been made, so that they are without excuse. 21 For although they knew God, they did not glorify Him as God or give thanks, but they became foolish in their thoughts,* and their foolish hearts were darkened. 22 Professing to be wise, they became foolish, 23 and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for the likeness of an image of mortal man* and birds and quadrupeds* and reptiles.
24 Therefore, God gave them over in the desires of their hearts to impurity,* to the dishonouring of their bodies among themselves, 25 who exchanged the truth of God for the untruth, and adored and worshipped the creation* rather than the One who created it, who is blessed forever.* Amen.
26 For this reason, God gave them over to passions of disgrace; for even their females exchanged the natural relationship* for that which is contrary to nature. 27 And likewise also, the males, having left the natural relationship with women, were inflamed in their desire for one another; males with males intentionally working out unseemly behaviour and receiving in themselves the reward which was fitting for their error. 28 And just as they did not see fit to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to an unfit* mind, to do the things that are not proper, 29 filled with all unrighteousness,* wickedness, covetousness, evil; full of envy, murder, contention, deceit, maliciousness. They are* gossips, 30 defamers, haters of God, insolent, proud, boasters, fabricators of evil things, disobedient to parents, 31 without understanding, untrustworthy, devoid of affection,* unmerciful, 32 who, although they know the righteous decree of God, that those who practise such things are deserving of death, they not only do the same, but also consent to those who practise them.
Notes
1 Greek a called apostle
3 Greek of the seed
4 Or openly marked out as
5 Greek for the obedience of faith
6 Greek among whom you also are the called of Jesus Christ
7 One ancient Greek manuscript omits in Rome
8 One ancient Greek manuscript omits through Jesus Christ
12 Greek that is, to be encouraged together with you by each other's faith
15 One ancient Greek manuscript omits who are in Rome . The same manuscript that omits in Rome in v. 7 also omits who are in Rome in this verse
16 Some ancient manuscripts add the genitive phrase of Christ
16 One ancient Greek manuscript omits for salvation
16 Two ancient Greek manuscripts omit first
17 Quoted from Hab. 2:4
18 Or people, as the term is understood in a generic sense
21 Or reasonings
23 Or human beings
23 Or four-footed animals
24 That is, moral impurity
25 Or creature
25 Greek to the ages
26 Greek use. The same applies in v. 27
28 Or degraded
29 Some ancient manuscripts insert sexual immorality at this point
29 The expression They are is supplied to the text on a contextual basis for the purpose of clarification
31 Some ancient manuscripts insert implacable at this point, possibly as an attempt to harmonise the reading with a parallel in 2 Tim. 3:3
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Copyright © 2026 Michael Adeyemi Adegbola. This Scripture text is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).