Leviticus 7
7
Reparation Offerings. 1#These prescriptions may appear here rather than in 5:14–26 where this offering is first treated because the monetary equivalent of the offering might have been brought instead of an actual animal. See note on 5:15.#Lv 5:14–26. This is the ritual for the reparation offering. It is most holy. 2At the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered, the reparation offering shall also be slaughtered.#Lv 6:18. Its blood shall be splashed on all the sides of the altar. 3#Lv 3:4. All of its fat shall be offered: the fatty tail, the fat that covers the inner organs, and all the fat that adheres to them, 4as well as the two kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which is removed with the kidneys. 5The priest shall burn these on the altar as an oblation to the Lord. It is a reparation offering. 6Every male of the priestly line may eat of it; but it must be eaten in a sacred place.#Lv 6:9. It is most holy.#Lv 2:3.
7Because the purification offering and the reparation offering are alike, both have the same ritual. The reparation offering belongs to the priest who makes atonement with it. 8As for the priest who offers someone’s burnt offering, to him belongs the hide of the burnt offering that is offered. 9#For the distinction between uncooked and cooked grain offerings, see 2:1–10 and note on 2:1. The contradiction between v. 9 and 2:10 may reflect a development in custom, with the distribution in v. 9 coming from earlier times, when sanctuary personnel was more limited. #Lv 2:3–10; Nm 18:9; Ez 44:29. Also, every grain offering that is baked in an oven or made in a pan or on a griddle shall belong to the priest who offers it, 10whereas all grain offerings#Lv 2:14–15. that are mixed with oil or are dry shall belong to all of Aaron’s sons without distinction.
Communion Sacrifices.#This section discusses three types of communion sacrifice: the thanksgiving offering (vv. 12–15), a votive offering, and a voluntary offering (vv. 16–18). The latter two are similar and are thus mentioned together. Verses 19–36 apply to all types of communion sacrifice. 11#Lv 3. This is the ritual for the communion sacrifice that is offered to the Lord. 12#Four types of breads accompany the thanksgiving offering. Three types are cooked grain offerings comparable to those in 2:4–10. Also required are loaves of leavened bread (see 2:11). If someone offers it for thanksgiving, that person shall offer it with unleavened cakes mixed with oil, unleavened wafers spread with oil, and cakes made of bran flour mixed with oil and well kneaded. 13One shall present this offering together with loaves of leavened bread along with the thanksgiving communion sacrifice. 14From this the individual shall offer one bread of each type of offering as a contribution#Contribution: Hebrew terumah. This does not indicate a particular ritual action. The word simply means “gift, something set apart.” to the Lord; this shall belong to the priest who splashes the blood of the communion offering.
15#Sacrifices must be properly consumed for them to be effective (cf. also 19:5–8; 22:30). Similar rules obtain for the Passover offering (Ex 12:10; Nm 9:12; cf. Ex 23:18; 34:25; Dt 16:4) and the ordination offering (Ex 29:34; Lv 8:32). #Lv 19:6–7. The meat of the thanksgiving communion sacrifice shall be eaten on the day it is offered; none of it may be kept till the next morning.#Lv 22:29–30. 16However, if the sacrifice offered is a votive or a voluntary offering,#Votive or a voluntary offering: these are not specific types of offerings but rather motivations for bringing the communion sacrifice (cf. 22:18). A votive offering is brought as the consequence of a promise (vow) made to God. A voluntary offering is a spontaneous gift to God independent of a prior promise. See note on 27:2–13. it shall be eaten on the day the sacrifice is offered, and on the next day what is left over may be eaten.#Lv 19:5–8. 17But what is left over of the meat of the sacrifice on the third day must be burned in the fire. 18If indeed any of the flesh of the communion sacrifice is eaten on the third day, it shall not be accepted; it will not be reckoned to the credit of the one offering it. Rather it becomes a desecrated meat. Anyone who eats of it shall bear the penalty.#Bear the penalty: this refers in many cases to punishment by God (cf. 17:16; 19:8; 20:17, 19; Nm 18:1, 23; 30:16).
19#For ritual impurity, see note on 11:1–15:33. Should the meat touch anything unclean, it may not be eaten, but shall be burned in the fire.#Lv 12:4. As for other meat, all who are clean may eat of it. 20If, however, someone in a state of uncleanness eats the meat of a communion sacrifice belonging to the Lord, that person shall be cut off#Cut off: a common term in the Priestly source that cannot always be reduced to a simple English equivalent, since its usage appears to involve a number of associated punishments, some or all of which may come into play in any one instance (see Ex 12:15 and note). All the same, as a punishment from God, to be “cut off” (from one’s people) frequently appears to refer to termination of the offender’s family line (and perhaps in some cases an early death); see Lv 20:2–3, 20–21; Ru 4:10; Ps 109:13; Mal 2:12. #Lv 17:4, 9–10, 14; 18:29; 20:3, 5–6, 17–18; Gn 17:14; Ex 30:33; Nm 15:31; Ps 37:9, 28, 34; 109:13. from the people. 21Likewise, if someone touches anything unclean, whether it be human uncleanness or an unclean animal or an unclean loathsome creature, and then eats the meat of the communion sacrifice belonging to the Lord, that person, too, shall be cut off from the people.
Prohibition Against Blood and Fat. 22The Lord said to Moses: 23Tell the Israelites: You shall not eat the fat of any ox or sheep or goat.#Lv 3:17. 24Although the fat of an animal that has died a natural death or has been killed by wild beasts may be put to any other use, you may not eat it.#Lv 22:8. 25If anyone eats the fat of an animal from which an oblation is made to the Lord, that person shall be cut off from the people. 26#Lv 17:10. Wherever you dwell, you shall not eat any blood, whether of bird or of animal. 27Every person who eats any blood shall be cut off from the people.
Portions from the Communion Sacrifice for Priests. 28The Lord said to Moses: 29Tell the Israelites: The person who offers a communion sacrifice to the Lord shall be the one to bring from it the offering to the Lord. 30The offerer’s own hands shall carry the oblations for the Lord: the person shall bring the fat together with the brisket, which is to be raised as an elevated#Lv 8:27, 29; 9:21; 10:15; 14:12, 21, 24; 23:17, 20; Nm 6:20; 8:13; 18:18. offering#Raised as an elevated offering: these portions of the sacrifices were specially dedicated by lifting them in presentation before God’s abode. The sanctifying effect of this action is clearly seen in 23:17–20; Nm 6:19–20. before the Lord. 31The priest shall burn the fat on the altar,#Lv 3:11, 16. but the brisket belongs to Aaron and his sons. 32Moreover, from your communion sacrifices you shall give to the priest the right leg as a contribution. 33The one among Aaron’s sons who offers the blood and the fat of the communion offering shall have the right leg as his portion, 34for from the communion sacrifices of the Israelites I have taken the brisket that is elevated and the leg that is a contribution, and I have given them to Aaron, the priest, and to his sons as their due from the Israelites forever.#Ex 29:27–28.
35This is the priestly share from the oblations for the Lord, allotted to Aaron and his sons on the day they were brought forth to be the priests of the Lord, 36which the Lord ordered to be given them from the Israelites on the day they were anointed, as their due throughout their generations forever.
Summary. 37This is the ritual for the burnt offering, the grain offering, the purification offering, the reparation offering, the ordination offering,#Lv 8:22. and the communion sacrifice, 38which the Lord enjoined on Moses at Mount Sinai at the time when he commanded the Israelites in the wilderness of Sinai to bring their offerings to the Lord.#Lv 26:46; 27:34.
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Leviticus 7: NABRE
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Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Inc
Leviticus 7
7
Additional Laws for Guilt Offerings
1“ ‘And this is the regulation of the guilt offering; it is a most holy thing.#Literally “a holiness of holinesses” 2In the place where they slaughter the burnt offering,#Or, taking the verb as an indefinite (thus passive) imperfect 3mp, “the sin offering is slaughtered” they must slaughter the guilt offering,#Or, taking the verb as an indefinite (thus passive) imperfect 3mp, “the guilt offering must be slaughtered” and he#That is, the priest; understood by context and 3ms verb must sprinkle its blood upon the altar all around. 3And he must present all of its fat:#Hebrew “all of its fat from it” the fat tail and the fat that covers the inner parts,#Or “entrails” 4and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is on the loins, and he must remove the lobe on the liver in addition to the kidneys. 5And the priest shall turn it into smoke it on the altar as a food offering made by fire for Yahweh; it is a guilt offering. 6Every male among the priests may eat it; it must be eaten in a holy place; it is a most holy thing.#Literally “a holiness of holinesses” 7The instruction is the same for the guilt offering as for the sin offering;#Literally “as the sin offering as the guilt offering one for them” it belongs to#Literally “for him it shall be” or “it will become his” the priest, who makes atonement with it.
Portions for the Priests
8“ ‘And#Or “As for” the priest who presents a person’s#Literally “of a man” burnt offering, to that#Hebrew “the” priest belongs#Literally “to/for him it shall be” the skin of the burnt offering that he presented. 9And every grain offering that is baked in the oven and all that is prepared in a#Hebrew “the” cooking pan or#Or “and” on a flat baking pan belongs to#Literally “for him it shall be” or “it will become his” the priest who presented it. 10And every grain offering, whether mixed with oil or dry, shall be for all of Aaron’s sons equally.#Literally “each as his brother”
Additional Laws for Fellowship Offerings
11“ ‘And this is the regulation of the fellowship offerings that he must present to Yahweh: 12If he presents it for thanksgiving, in addition to the thanksgiving sacrifice he shall present ring-shaped unleavened bread mixed with oil and unleavened bread wafers smeared with oil and well-mixed ring-shaped bread cakes of finely milled flour mixed with oil. 13In addition to ring-shaped cakes of bread with yeast, he must present his grain#Implied by v. 12 offering together with#Or “in addition to” his sacrifice of thanksgiving peace offerings. 14And he shall present one of each kind of grain#Implied by v. 12 offering as a contribution for Yahweh; it belongs to#Literally “for him it shall be” or “it will become his” the priest who sprinkles the fellowship offerings’ blood. 15And the meat of the sacrifice of his thanksgiving fellowship offerings must be eaten on the day of his offering; he must not leave it until morning.
16“ ‘But#Or “And” if his sacrifice is for a vow or as a freewill offering, it must be eaten on the day of his presenting his sacrifice, and on the next day the remainder#Or “and the remainder” from it may be eaten, 17but#Or “and” the remainder from the sacrifice’s meat must be burned up in the fire on the third day. 18And if indeed some of the meat of his fellowship offerings’ sacrifice is eaten on the third day, it will not be accepted; it will not be considered of benefit for the one who presented it—it shall be unclean meat, and the person#Or “soul” who eats it shall bear his guilt. 19And the meat that touches anything unclean must not be eaten; it must be burned with fire, and as for the clean#Understood by context meat, anyone who is clean may eat the meat. 20And the person#Or “the soul” who eats meat from the fellowship offerings’ sacrifice, which is for Yahweh, and whose uncleanness is upon him—that person#Or “the soul” shall be cut off from his people. 21And when a person#Or “a soul” touches anything unclean, whether human uncleanness or an unclean animal or any unclean detestable thing, and he eats from the meat of the fellowship offerings’ sacrifice, which is for Yahweh, then#Or “and” that person#Or “the soul” shall be cut off from his people.’ ”
Instructions for the People
22Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 23“Speak to the Israelites,#Literally “sons/children of Israel” saying, ‘You#Plural must not eat any fat of ox, or#Or “and” sheep, or#Or “and” goat; 24and a dead body’s fat or#Or “and” mangled carcass’s fat may be used for any purpose,#Literally “work” but#Or “and” you#Plural certainly must not eat it. 25When anyone eats fat from the domestic animal from which he presented an offering made by fire for Yahweh, then#Or “and” that person#Or “the soul” who ate shall be cut off from his people. 26And in any of your#Plural dwellings, you must not eat any blood belonging to#Literally “to/of” birds#Hebrew “the bird”; generic article with a collective noun or#Or “and” domestic animals.#Hebrew “the domestic animal”; generic article with a collective noun 27Any person#Or “any soul” or “all soul(s)” who eats any blood, that person#Or “and that soul” shall be cut off from his people.’ ”
Portions of Fellowship Offerings for Priests
28Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 29“Speak to the Israelites,#Literally “sons/children of Israel” saying, ‘The one who presents his fellowship offerings’ sacrifice for Yahweh shall bring his offering to Yahweh from his fellowship offerings’ sacrifice. 30His own hands must bring Yahweh’s offerings made by fire. He must bring the fat in addition to the breast section to wave the breast section as a wave offering before Yahweh, 31and the priest shall turn the fat into smoke on the altar, and the breast section shall be for Aaron and his#Hebrew “for his” sons. 32And the right upper thigh you#Plural must give as a contribution for the priest from your#Plural fellowship offerings’ sacrifice. 33As for the one from Aaron’s sons who presents the blood of the fellowship offerings and the fat, the right upper thigh shall belong to him#Literally “for him it shall be” as his share, 34because I have taken the wave offering’s breast section and the contribution offering’s upper thigh from the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” out of their fellowship offerings’ sacrifices, and I have given them to Aaron the priest and his#Hebrew “to his” sons from the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” as a lasting rule.’ ”
35This is Aaron’s allotted portion and his sons’ allotted portion from Yahweh’s offerings made by fire when#Literally “in a day” he brought them forward to serve as priests for Yahweh. 36This is what Yahweh commanded to give them from the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” on the day of his anointing them; it is a lasting statute for their generations.
Concluding Summary Concerning the Offerings
37This is the regulation for the burnt offering, for the grain offering and for the sin offering and for the guilt offering and for the consecration offering and for the fellowship offerings’ sacrifice, 38which Yahweh commanded Moses on Mount Sinai#Literally “the mountain of Sinai” on the day of his commanding the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” to present their offerings to Yahweh in the desert of Sinai.
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