Leviticus 24
24
The Sanctuary Light.#On the lamp, see Ex 25:31–40; 26:35; 27:20–21; 37:17–24; 40:24–25; Nm 8:1–4. It occupies the south side of the anterior room of the sanctuary tent and provides light for that room. 1The Lord said to Moses: 2Order the Israelites to bring you clear oil of crushed olives for the light, so that you may keep the lamp burning regularly.#Ex 25:31–40; 27:20–21. 3In the tent of meeting, outside the veil that hangs in front of the covenant, Aaron shall set up the lamp to burn before the Lord regularly, from evening till morning, by a perpetual statute throughout your generations. 4He shall set up the lamps on the pure gold menorah to burn regularly before the Lord.
The Showbread.#On the bread table, see Ex 25:23–29; 26:35; 37:10–16; 40:22–23. It occupies the north side of the anterior room of the sanctuary tent. The bread is a type of grain offering (see note on 2:1). 5You shall take bran flour and bake it into twelve cakes,#Ex 25:23–30; 1 Kgs 7:48; 2 Chr 13:11; Heb 9:2. using two tenths of an ephah of flour for each cake. 6These you shall place in two piles, six in each pile, on the pure gold table before the Lord. 7With each pile put some pure frankincense, which shall serve as an oblation to the Lord, a token of the bread offering. 8Regularly on each sabbath day the bread#1 Chr 9:32. shall be set out before the Lord on behalf of the Israelites by an everlasting covenant. 9It shall belong to Aaron and his sons, who must eat it in a sacred place, since it is most sacred,#1 Sm 21:5. his as a perpetual due from the oblations to the Lord.
Punishment of Blasphemy.#This is a narrative where an offense leads to clarifying revelation similar to the cases in Lv 10:1–7 and 16:1–34; Nm 9:6–14 and 15:32–36. 10A man born of an Israelite mother and an Egyptian father went out among the Israelites, and in the camp a fight broke out between the son of the Israelite woman and an Israelite man. 11The son of the Israelite woman uttered the Lord’s name in a curse and blasphemed. So he was brought to Moses—now his mother’s name was Shelomith, daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan— 12and he was kept in custody till a decision from the Lord should settle the case for them.#Nm 15:34. 13The Lord then said to Moses: 14Take the blasphemer outside the camp, and when all who heard him have laid their hands#Laid their hands: see notes on 1:4 and 16:21. It may be that blasphemy generated a type of pollution which the hearers return to the culprit by this gesture. on his head,#Lv 16:21. let the whole community stone him. 15Tell the Israelites: Anyone who blasphemes God shall bear the penalty; 16whoever utters the name of the Lord in a curse shall be put to death.#Ex 22:27; 1 Kgs 21:10, 13; Mt 26:65–66; Jn 10:33. The whole community shall stone that person; alien and native-born alike must be put to death for uttering the Lord’s name in a curse.
17#A digression dealing with bodily injury follows the blasphemy rules. It may have been appended since the first case is another example of the death penalty. But the section develops according to its own logic. All legal traditions require death for homicide: Gn 9:5–6; Ex 21:12–14; Nm 35:9–34; Dt 19:1–13; cf. Ex 20:13 and Dt 5:17. Whoever takes the life of any human being shall be put to death;#Gn 9:5–6; Ex 21:12–14; Nm 35:9–34; Dt 19:11–13. 18whoever takes the life of an animal shall make restitution of another animal, life for a life.#Ex 21:33–34; cf. Lv 17:4. 19#The phrase “life for a life” in v. 18 leads to introducing the law of talion in vv. 19–20. Some have interpreted the law here and the similar expressions in Ex 21:23–25 and Dt 19:21 to mean that monetary compensation equal to the injury is to be paid, though the wording of the law here and the context of Dt 19:21 indicate an injury is to be inflicted upon the injurer. Anyone who inflicts a permanent injury on his or her neighbor shall receive the same in return: 20fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth. The same injury that one gives another shall be inflicted in return.#Ex 21:23–25; Dt 19:21; Mt 5:38. 21Whoever takes the life of an animal shall make restitution, but whoever takes a human life shall be put to death. 22You shall have but one rule, for alien and native-born alike.#Lv 19:34; Ex 12:49; Nm 15:16. I, the Lord, am your God.
23When Moses told this to the Israelites, they took the blasphemer outside the camp and stoned him;#Acts 7:57–58. they did just as the Lord commanded Moses.
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Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Inc
Leviticus 24
24
The Sanctuary’s Lamp and Bread
1Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 2“Command the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” that#Or “and” they should bring pure olive oil from beaten olives for the light to present#Literally “to cause raising up”; or “set up” (HALOT 830 s.v. 4.d) a lamp continually. 3Aaron shall arrange for it outside#Literally “from the outside of to” the curtain of the testimony in the tent of assembly from evening until morning before#Literally “to the faces of” Yahweh continually; it shall be a lasting statute#Literally “a statute of eternity” or “a statute of long duration” throughout your generations. 4On the pure golden#Supplied by context and the description of the lampstand in Exod 25:31 lampstand he shall arrange for the lamps before#Literally “to the faces of” Yahweh continually.
5“And you shall take finely milled flour, and you shall bake with it twelve ring-shaped bread cakes: each one shall be two-tenths of an ephah. 6And you shall place them in two rows, six to the row, on the pure gold#Supplied by context and the description of the table in Exod 25:24 table before#Literally “to the faces of” Yahweh. 7And you shall put pure frankincense on each#Hebrew “the” row so that#Or “and” it shall be for the bread as a memorial offering, an offering made by fire for Yahweh. 8On every Sabbath#Literally “On the day of the Sabbath on the day of the Sabbath” he shall arrange it in rows before#Literally “to the faces of” Yahweh continually; they are from the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” as an everlasting#Or “eternal” or “enduring” or “perpetual” covenant. 9And it shall be for Aaron and for his sons, and they shall eat it in a holy place, because it is a most holy thing#Literally “a holy thing of holy things” for him from Yahweh’s offerings made by fire—a lasting rule.”#Literally “rule of eternity” or “rule of long duration”
Punishment for Blasphemy
10And an Israelite woman’s son, and he was an Egyptian man’s son, went out in the midst of the Israelites;#Literally “sons/children of Israel” and the Israelite woman’s son and an#Hebrew “the” Israelite man fought in the camp. 11Then#Or “And” the Israelite woman’s son blasphemed the name, and he cursed, so#Or “and” they brought him to Moses—and the name of his mother was Shelomith the daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan. 12Then#Or “And” they put him in custody so that#Literally “to” the matter might be made clear to them in accordance with the mouth of Yahweh.
13Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 14“Bring the curser outside the camp,#Literally “to from an outside place of the camp” and all the hearers shall place their hands on his head, and the whole community shall stone him. 15And you shall speak to the Israelites,#Literally “sons/children of Israel” saying, ‘Any man#Literally “A man a man” when he curses his God shall bear#Or “and he shall bear” his sin. 16And he who blasphemes Yahweh’s name certainly shall be put to death; the whole community certainly shall stone him. As the alien, so the native shall be put to death at blaspheming his name.
17“ ‘And when a man kills any human being, he certainly shall be put to death. 18And he who kills#Literally “he who kills the soul of” or “he who kills the life of” a domestic animal must repay for it life in place of life. 19And when a man causes#Literally “gives” a physical defect in his fellow citizen according to#Literally “as that” what he has done, so it shall be done to him: 20fracture in place of fracture, eye in place of eye, tooth in place of tooth—according to#Literally “as that” the physical defect he causes#Literally “gives” to the person, likewise it shall be caused#Literally “given” to him. 21And a killer of a domestic animal must repay for it, and a killer of a human shall be put to death. 22You must have#Literally “it shall be for you” one norm; as for the alien, so#Hebrew “as” it must be for the native, because I am Yahweh your God.’ ”
23Thus#Or “And” Moses spoke to the Israelites,#Literally “sons/children of Israel” and they brought the curser outside the camp,#Literally “to from an outside place of the camp” and they stoned him with stones, and the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” did just as Yahweh had commanded Moses.
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