Leviticus 22
22
Priestly Purity.#While priests with bodily imperfections may eat the holy sacrifices (21:16–23), those impure and those not of the priestly household may not. 1The Lord said to Moses: 2Tell Aaron and his sons to treat with respect the sacred offerings which the Israelites consecrate to me; otherwise they will profane my holy name. I am the Lord.
3#On uncleanness, see chaps. 11–15 and notes there. Tell them: If any one of you, or of your descendants in any future generation, dares, while he is in a state of uncleanness, to draw near the sacred offerings which the Israelites consecrate to the Lord, such a one shall be cut off from my presence.#Lv 7:20–21. I am the Lord.
4No descendant of Aaron who is stricken with a scaly infection,#Lv 13–14. or who suffers from a genital discharge,#Lv 15:2–18. may eat of the sacred offerings, until he again becomes clean. Moreover, if anyone touches a person who has become unclean by contact with a corpse,#Nm 19:14–22. or if anyone has had an emission of semen,#Lv 15:16. 5or if anyone touches any swarming creature#Lv 11:29–31. whose uncleanness is contagious or any person whose uncleanness, of whatever kind it may be, is contagious—#Lv 15:2–12, 18–27. 6the one who touches such as these shall be unclean until evening and may not eat of the sacred portions until he has first bathed his body in water.#Lv 17:15; Nm 19:7–8, 19; Heb 10:22. 7Then, when the sun sets, he shall be clean.#Dt 23:12. Only then may he eat of the sacred offerings, for they are his food. 8#See note on 11:39–40. He shall not make himself unclean by eating of any animal that has died of itself or has been killed by wild beasts.#Lv 11:39–40; Ez 44:31. I am the Lord.
9They shall keep my charge so that they will not bear the punishment in this matter and die#Lv 15:31. for their profanation. I am the Lord who makes them holy.
10Neither an unauthorized person nor a priest’s tenant or laborer may eat of any sacred offering.#Mt 12:4. 11But a slave#Slave: in contrast to the tenant or hired worker of v. 10, the slave, who is by definition a foreigner, is part of the priest’s household and therefore may eat of sacrifices. whom a priest acquires by purchase or who is born in his house may eat of his food. 12#A priest’s daughter, when a dependent of her father, may eat of the lesser holy offerings. A priest’s daughter who is married to an unauthorized person may not eat of the sacred contributions. 13But if a priest’s daughter is widowed or divorced and, having no children, returns to her father’s house, she may then eat of her father’s food as in her youth. No unauthorized person, however, may eat of it. 14#Lv 5:15–16. If such a one eats of a sacred offering through inadvertence, that person shall make restitution to the priest for the sacred offering, with an increment of one fifth of the amount. 15The priests shall not allow the sacred offerings which the Israelites contribute to the Lord to be profaned#Lv 19:8; Nm 18:32. 16nor make them incur a penalty when they eat their sacred offerings. For I, the Lord, make them holy.
Unacceptable Victims. 17#This passage complements the section on the bodily imperfections of priests in 21:16–23. The laws taken together indicate that whoever and whatever approaches and contacts the altar needs to be physically unimpaired. The Lord said to Moses: 18Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the Israelites, and tell them: When anyone of the house of Israel, or any alien residing in Israel, who presents an offering, brings a burnt offering#Lv 1:3. as a votive offering or as a voluntary offering to the Lord, 19if it is to be acceptable for you, it must be an unblemished male of the herd, of the sheep or of the goats.#Lv 21:16–23. 20You shall not offer one that has any blemish, for such a one would not be acceptable on your behalf.#Dt 15:21; 17:1; Mal 1:7–14. 21When anyone presents a communion sacrifice#Lv 3:1; 7:11. to the Lord from the herd or the flock in fulfillment of a vow, or as a voluntary offering, if it is to find acceptance, it must be unblemished; it shall not have any blemish. 22One that is blind or lame or maimed, or one that has running lesions or sores or scabs, you shall not offer to the Lord; do not put such an animal on the altar as an oblation to the Lord. 23#Burnt offerings and communion sacrifices brought as voluntary offerings may have slight defects, probably because they are freely given and do not depend upon a prior promise as do votive offerings. An ox or a sheep that has a leg that is too long or is stunted you may indeed present as a voluntary offering, but it will not be acceptable as a votive offering. 24One that has its testicles bruised or crushed or torn out or cut off you shall not offer to the Lord. You shall neither do this in your own land 25nor receive from a foreigner any such animals to offer up as the food of your God; since they are deformed or blemished, they will not be acceptable on your behalf.
26#Other activities and procedures that would impair sacrifice are appended here. The rules in vv. 27–28 are reminiscent of the rule not to boil a young goat in its mother’s milk (Ex 23:19; 34:26; Dt 14:21) and not to take a bird and its eggs (Dt 22:6–7), all of which have a humanitarian tenor. The Lord said to Moses: 27When an ox or a lamb or a goat is born, it shall remain with its mother for seven days; only from the eighth day onward will it be acceptable, to be offered as an oblation to the Lord.#Ex 22:29; 23:19. 28You shall not slaughter an ox or a sheep on one and the same day with its young. 29Whenever you offer a thanksgiving sacrifice to the Lord, so offer it that it may be acceptable on your behalf; 30it must be eaten on the same day; none of it shall be left over until morning.#Lv 7:15. I am the Lord.
31Be careful to observe my commandments. I am the Lord. 32Do not profane my holy name, that in the midst of the Israelites I may be hallowed. I, the Lord, make you holy, 33who led you out of the land of Egypt to be your God. I am the Lord.
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Leviticus 22
22
Holy Offerings
1And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2#Lev 18:21; Dt 15:19Speak to Aaron and to his sons that they should be very respectful with the holy things of the children of Israel, and that they do not defile My holy name with those things which the people have consecrated to Me: I am the Lord.
3#Lev 7:20–21Say to them: Whoever from your offspring through your generations approaches the holy things, which the children of Israel have dedicated to the Lord, while he has uncleanness, that person shall be cut off from My presence: I am the Lord.
4#Lev 11:39; 15:2–3If a man of the offspring of Aaron is a leper or has a discharge, he shall not eat of the holy offerings until he is clean. And whoever touches anything that is unclean by contact with the dead or a man who had an emission of semen, 5#Lev 15:7; 11:43–44or whoever touches any crawling thing whereby he may be made unclean, or a man from whom he may receive uncleanness, whatever uncleanness he has, 6#Lev 15:5; Heb 10:22the person who has touched any such thing shall be unclean until evening, and shall not eat of the holy things unless he washes his body with water. 7#Lev 21:22When the sun goes down, he shall be clean, and afterward he shall eat of the holy things, because it is his food. 8#Lev 17:15; Ex 22:31That which dies of itself or is torn by animals he shall not eat, becoming unclean by it: I am the Lord.
9#Ex 28:43; Nu 18:22They shall therefore keep My ordinance, lest they bear sin from it and therefore die if they defile it: I am the Lord who sanctifies them.
10#1Sa 21:6; Mt 12:4There shall be no outsider#Or stranger. who eats of a holy thing, whether a foreign guest of the priest or a hired servant, he shall not eat of a holy offering. 11#Ge 17:13But if a priest buys a person with his money, the person acquired shall eat of it, and he that is born in his house shall eat of his food. 12If the priest’s daughter marries an outsider, she may not eat of an offering of the holy things. 13#Ge 38:11; Lev 10:14But if the priest’s daughter is a widow or divorced, and has no child and has returned to her father’s house as in her youth, she may eat of her father’s food; but no outsider may eat of it.
14#Lev 27:13; 27:15If a man eats the holy thing unwittingly, then he shall add a fifth of the value to it and shall give the holy thing to the priest. 15#Nu 18:32; Lev 19:8They shall not defile the holy things of the children of Israel, which they offer to the Lord, 16#Lev 22:9and cause them to suffer and to bear the iniquity of guilt when they eat their holy things, for I am the Lord who sanctifies them.
Acceptable Offerings
17The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 18#Lev 1:2; Nu 15:3Speak to Aaron, and to his sons, and to all the children of Israel, and say to them: Whoever from the house of Israel or from the foreigners in Israel who offers his burnt offering for any vows or freewill offerings that he offers to the Lord, 19#Lev 1:3; 1:10then if it is to be accepted for you, the offering shall be a male without blemish, a bull, sheep, or goat. 20#Dt 17:1; 15:21; Mal 1:8But whatever has a blemish you shall not offer, for it shall not be acceptable for you. 21#Nu 15:3; 15:8Whoever offers a sacrifice of peace offerings to the Lord to fulfill his vow or a freewill offering, whether from the herd or flock, to be accepted it shall be perfect, with no blemish on it. 22#Lev 22:20; 1:9Blind, or disabled, or maimed, or having an ulcer or eczema or scabs, you shall not offer these to the Lord, nor make a food offering by fire on the altar to the Lord. 23#Lev 21:18A herd animal or a flock animal that has a limb that is too long or short you may offer for a freewill offering, but for a vow it shall not be accepted. 24#Lev 22:20You shall not offer to the Lord an animal that is bruised or crushed or torn or cut; nor shall you make any offering of them in your land. 25#Lev 21:6; 21:8Nor from a foreigner shall you offer an animal as the food of your God, because a blemish is in them from their mutilation. They shall not be accepted for you.
26The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 27#Ex 22:30; Lev 12:2–3; 19:23–24When an ox, or a sheep, or a goat is born, then it shall be seven days with its mother, and from the eighth day and thereafter it shall be accepted for a food offering made by fire to the Lord. 28#Dt 22:6–7; Ex 23:19But you shall not slaughter on the same day an ox or a sheep and her young.
29#Ps 107:22; 116:17When you offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving to the Lord, offer it so that it may be accepted. 30On the same day it shall be eaten. You shall leave none of it until the next day: I am the Lord.
31#Dt 4:40; Lev 19:37Therefore you shall keep My commandments and do them: I am the Lord. 32#Lev 18:21; 10:3You shall not defile My holy name, but I will be sanctified among the children of Israel: I am the Lord who sanctifies you, 33#Lev 11:45; Ex 6:7who brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I am the Lord.
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