2 Samuel 5
5
David Becomes King of Israel
(1 Chronicles 11.1-3)
1Israel's leaders met with David at Hebron and said, “We are your relatives. 2Even when Saul was king, you led our nation in battle. And the Lord promised that someday you would rule Israel and take care of us like a shepherd.”
3During the meeting, David made an agreement with the leaders and asked the Lord to be their witness. Then the leaders poured olive oil on David's head to show that he was now the king of Israel.
4 #
1 K 2.10,11; 1 Ch 3.1-4; 29.27. David was 30 years old when he became king, and he ruled for 40 years. 5He lived in Hebron for the first seven and a half years and ruled only Judah. Then he moved to Jerusalem, where he ruled both Israel and Judah for 33 years.
How David Captured Jerusalem
(1 Chronicles 11.4-9; 14.1,2)
6 #
Js 15.63; Jg 1.21. The Jebusites lived in Jerusalem, and David led his army there to attack them. The Jebusites did not think he could get in, so they told him, “You can't get in here! We could keep you out, even if we couldn't see or walk!”
7-9David told his troops, “You will have to go up through the water tunnel to get those Jebusites. I hate people like them#5.7-9 You will … them: One possible meaning for the difficult Hebrew text. who can't walk or see.”
That's why there is still a rule that says, “Only people who can walk and see are allowed in the temple.”#5.7-9 temple: Or “palace.”
David captured the fortress on Mount Zion, then he moved there and named it David's City. He had the city rebuilt, starting with the landfill to the east. 10David became a great and strong ruler, because the Lord All-Powerful was on his side.
11King Hiram of Tyre sent some officials to David. Carpenters and stone workers came with them, and they brought cedar logs so they could build David a palace.
12David knew that the Lord had made him king of Israel and that he had made him a powerful ruler for the good of his people.
David's Sons Born in Jerusalem
(1 Chronicles 14.3-7)
13After David left Hebron and moved to Jerusalem, he married many women#5.13 married many women: Some of these women were second-class wives (see the note at 3.7). from Jerusalem,#5.13 from Jerusalem: Or “in Jerusalem.” and he had a lot of children. 14His sons who were born there were Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, Solomon, 15Ibhar, Elishua, Nepheg, Japhia, 16Elishama, Eliada,#5.16 Eliada: See 1 Chronicles 3.6-8. First Chronicles 14.7 has “Beeliada.” and Eliphelet.
David Fights the Philistines
(1 Chronicles 14.8-17)
17The Philistines heard that David was now king of Israel, and they came into the hill country to try and capture him. But David found out and went into his fortress.#5.17 fortress: Probably the fortress of Adullam, which was David's former hideout (see 1 Samuel 22.1,4; 24.22). Or it could refer to the older walled city of Jerusalem, called the “fortress on Mount Zion” in verses 7-9. 18So the Philistines camped in Rephaim Valley.#5.18 Rephaim Valley: A few kilometers southwest of Jerusalem.
19David asked the Lord, “Should I attack the Philistines? Will you let me win?”
The Lord told David, “Attack! I will let you win.”
20David attacked the Philistines and defeated them. Then he said, “I watched the Lord break through my enemies like a mighty flood.” So he named the place “The Lord Broke Through.”#5.20 The Lord Broke Through: Or “Baal-Perazim.” 21David and his troops also carried away the idols that the Philistines had left behind.
22Some time later, the Philistines came back into the hill country and camped in Rephaim Valley. 23David asked the Lord what he should do, and the Lord answered:
Don't attack them from the front. Circle around behind and attack from among the balsam#5.23 balsam: One possible meaning for the difficult Hebrew text. trees. 24Wait until you hear a sound in the treetops like marching troops. Then attack quickly! That sound will mean I have marched out ahead of you to fight the Philistine army.
25David obeyed the Lord and defeated the Philistines. He even chased them all the way from Geba to the entrance to Gezer.
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Contemporary English Version, Second Edition (CEV®)
© 2006 American Bible Society. All rights reserved.
2 Samuel 5
5
David King of Israel. 1#1 Chr 11:1–3. All the tribes of Israel came to David in Hebron, and they said: “Look! We are your bone and your flesh. 2In days past, when Saul was still our king, you were the one who led Israel out in all its battles and brought it back. And the Lord said to you: You shall shepherd my people Israel; you shall be ruler over Israel.”#2 Sm 3:10; Dt 17:15; 1 Sm 18:16. 3Then all the elders of Israel came to the king in Hebron, and at Hebron King David made a covenant with them in the presence of the Lord; and they anointed David king over Israel. 4David was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned forty years: 5in Hebron he was king over Judah seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem he was king thirty-three years over all Israel and Judah.#2 Sm 2:11; 1 Kgs 2:11; 1 Chr 3:4.
Capture of Zion.#David’s most important military exploit, the taking of Jerusalem, is here presented before his battles with the Philistines, vv. 17–25, which took place earlier. The sense of vv. 6 and 8 is in doubt. Perhaps the Jebusites boasted that Jerusalem was impregnable, using a metaphorical or proverbial expression that claimed the city was defensible even by people not suited for military action. The saying then received a different sense (v. 8), to the effect that “the blind and the lame” were David’s enemies. Mt 21:14 and Lk 14:13 seem to play off, and transform, this saying. 6#1 Chr 11:4–9. Then the king and his men went to Jerusalem against the Jebusites who inhabited the land. They told David, “You shall not enter here: the blind and the lame will drive you away!” which was their way of saying, “David shall not enter here.”#Jos 15:63; Jgs 1:19, 21; Is 29:3. 7David nevertheless captured the fortress of Zion, which is the City of David. 8On that day David said: “All who wish to strike at the Jebusites must attack through the water shaft. The lame and the blind shall be the personal enemies of David.” That is why it is said, “The blind and the lame shall not enter the palace.”#Lv 21:18; Mt 21:14–15. 9David took up residence in the fortress which he called the City of David. David built up the city on all sides, from the Millo toward the center.#1 Kgs 3:1; 9:15; 11:27. 10David became ever more powerful, for the Lord of hosts was with him.#Ps 78:70–72; 89; 132:13. 11#1 Chr 14:1–16. Hiram, king of Tyre, sent envoys to David along with cedar wood, and carpenters and masons, who built a house for David.#1 Kgs 5:15; 1 Chr 14:1–2. 12David now knew#David now knew: Hiram’s carpenters and masons built David a house of cedar, the very model of a Canaanite king’s palace. This house then represented the consolidation of David’s royal power, in the Canaanite mode, with Jerusalem as David’s personal fiefdom and capital city. that the Lord had truly established him as king over Israel and had exalted his kingdom for the sake of his people Israel.
David’s Family in Jerusalem. 13#1 Chr 3:5–8; 14:3–7. David took more concubines and wives in Jerusalem after he had come from Hebron, and more sons and daughters were born to him. 14These are the names of those who were born to him in Jerusalem: Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, Solomon, 15Ibhar, Elishua, Nepheg, Japhia, 16Elishama, Beeliada, and Eliphelet.
Rout of the Philistines. 17When the Philistines had heard that David was anointed king over Israel, they marched out in force to come after him. When David heard this, he went down to the refuge.#Refuge: probably near Adullam (1 Sm 22:1–5). 18Meanwhile the Philistines had come and deployed themselves in the valley of Rephaim.#The successive defeats of the Philistines in the valley of Rephaim southwest of Jerusalem had the effect of blocking their access to the mountain ridge near Gibeon, and confining them to their holdings on the coast and in the foothills beyond Gezer to the west and south. 19David inquired of the Lord, “Shall I attack the Philistines, and will you deliver them into my power?” The Lord answered David: Attack, for I will surely deliver the Philistines into your power. 20So David went to Baal-perazim,#Baal-perazim: here the title ba‘al, “master, lord,” refers to the Lord; perazim is the plural of perez, which means “breaking” or “bursting,” as in 6:8. and he defeated them there. He said, “The Lord has broken through my enemies before me just as water breaks through a dam.” Therefore that place was called Baal-perazim. 21The Philistines abandoned their gods there, and David and his men carried them away. 22Once again the Philistines came up and deployed themselves in the valley of Rephaim, 23and again David inquired of the Lord, who replied: Do not attack the front—circle behind them and come against them near the balsam trees. 24When you hear the sound of marching#Sound of marching: the wind in the treetops suggestive of the footsteps of the Lord and the heavenly host. in the tops of the balsam trees, act decisively, for then the Lord has already gone before you to strike the army of the Philistines. 25David did as the Lord commanded him, and routed the Philistines from Gibeon as far as Gezer.
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