Leviticus 5
5
1“If you sin by not giving the evidence you have about a legal case, whether you saw something yourself or heard about it, you bear responsibility for your guilt. 2If you touch anything unclean such as the dead body of any unclean#5:2. The concept of ceremonial uncleanness is frequent here and in other books of the Old Testament. It is primarily a “religious” concept but does have a basis in some areas related to aspects of health and hygiene. wild animal or farm animal or vermin, even if you're unaware of it, you become unclean and guilty. 3If you touch something unclean from someone else who is unclean, even if you're unaware of it, you become guilty. 4If you foolishly swear to do something (whether good or bad, and in whatever way people impulsively swear an oath), even if you're unaware of it being wrong, when you eventually realize it, you are guilty.
5If you become guilty in one of these ways, you must confess your sin, 6and you must take your guilt offering of a female lamb or goat to the Lord as a sin offering for your sin. The priest will make your sin right.
7If you can't afford a lamb, you may offer to the Lord as compensation for your sin two turtledoves or two young pigeons, one as a sin offering and one as a burnt offering. 8You are to take them to the priest, who shall present the first one as the sin offering. He is to wring its head from the neck without removing it completely. 9Then he is to sprinkle some of the blood of the sin offering on the side of the altar while the rest of the blood is poured out at the bottom of the altar. It is a sin offering. 10The priest must then prepare the second bird as a burnt offering according to the regulations. In this way the priest will make you right for your sin, and you will be forgiven.
11If you can't afford two turtledoves or two young pigeons you may bring a tenth of an ephah of the best flour as a sin offering. Don't put olive oil or frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering. 12Take it to the priest, who shall take a handful as a ‘reminder part’ and burn it on the altar on top of the burnt offerings to the Lord. It is a sin offering. 13This is how the priest will make right any of these sins you have committed, and you will be forgiven. The rest of the offering will belong to the priest, just like the grain offering.”
14The Lord told Moses, 15“If any of you neglects unintentionally anything that the Lord has declared belong to him and are holy,#5:15. This would include everything the Lord has said his people must give to him, including for example firstfruits, tithes, the firstborn etc. you must bring your guilt offering to the Lord: a ram without defects from your herd or the equivalent value in silver shekels (according to the sanctuary shekel standard). It is a guilt offering. 16As regards any holy requirement you failed to contribute, you must pay compensation by adding a fifth of its value to it and then give it to the priest, who will make it right for you with the ram as a guilt offering, and you will be forgiven.
17If you sin and break any of the Lord's commandments, even if you are unaware of it, you are still guilty and bear responsibility for your guilt. 18You must take to the priest a ram without defects of the appropriate value from the flock as a guilt offering. Then the priest will make right for you the wrong you did in ignorance, and you will be forgiven. 19It is a guilt offering because you were guilty as far as the Lord was concerned.”
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Leviticus 5: FBV
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Dr. Jonathan Gallagher. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Unported License. Version 4.3. For corrections send email to jonathangallagherfbv@gmail.com
Leviticus 5
5
More Laws Regarding Sin Offerings
1“ ‘When a person#Or “a soul” sins in that#Or “and” he hears the utterance of a curse and he is a witness or he sees or he knows, if he does not make it known, then#Or “and” he shall bear his guilt. 2Or if a person#Or “a soul” touches anything unclean, whether#Literally “or” an unclean wild#Implied by the following phrase specifying domestic animals animal’s dead body or an unclean domestic animal’s dead body or an unclean swarmer’s dead body, but#Or “and” he is unaware of it,#Literally “it is concealed from him” he is unclean and he is guilty. 3Or when he touches human uncleanness, namely#Literally “for” or “to” (see HALOT 510) any uncleanness of his by which he might become unclean, but#Or “and” he is unaware of it,#Literally “it is concealed from him” and he himself finds out, then#Or “and” he will be guilty. 4Or when a person#Or “a soul” swears, speaking thoughtlessly with his lips, to do evil or to do good with regard to#Literally “for” or “to” (see HALOT 510) anything that the person#Literally “the man” in a sworn oath speaks thoughtlessly, but#Or “and” he is unaware of it,#Literally “it is concealed from him” he will be guilty in any of#Literally “for one of” these. 5When he becomes guilty in any of#Literally “for one of” these, he shall confess#Or “and he shall confess” what he has sinned regarding#Literally “upon” or “against” it, 6and he shall bring his guilt offering to#Or “for” Yahweh for his sin that he has committed:#Literally “sinned” a female from the flock,#The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals) a ewe-lamb or a she-goat,#Literally “a she-goat of goats” as a sin offering, and the priest shall make atonement for him for#Hebrew “from” his sin.
7“ ‘If#Or “And if” he cannot afford a sheep,#Literally “his hand does not touch enough of small livestock” he shall bring as his guilt offering for what he sinned two turtledoves or two young doves#Literally “sons of dove” or “children of dove” for Yahweh, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering. 8He shall bring#Or “And he shall bring” them to the priest, and he shall present that which is for the sin offering first, and the priest#Required by the previous action (see NET) shall wring its head off at the back of its neck,#Literally “from opposite its neck” but#Or “and” he must not sever it, 9and he shall spatter some of#Literally “from” the sin offering’s blood on the altar’s side, and the leftover blood must be drained out on the altar’s base; it is a sin offering. 10The second#Or “And the second” bird he must prepare as a burnt offering according to the regulation, and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin that he has committed,#Literally “sinned” and he shall be forgiven.
11“ ‘But#Or “And” if he cannot afford#Literally “his hand cannot produce for” two turtledoves or two young doves,#Literally “sons of dove” or “children of dove” then,#Or “and” because he has sinned, he shall bring as his offering a tenth of an#Hebrew “the” ephah of finely milled flour as a sin offering. He must not put#Or “And he must not put” oil on it, nor should he put frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering. 12He shall bring#Or “And he shall bring” it to the priest, and the priest shall take a handful of it#Literally “shall scoop up from it the fullness of his handful” for its token portion, and he shall turn it to smoke on the altar in addition to#Literally “on” or “upon” the offerings made by fire to Yahweh; it is a sin offering. 13Thus#Or “And” the priest shall make atonement for him because of the sin that he has committed#Literally “sinned” in any of these,#Literally “from one from these” and he shall be forgiven. It shall be#Or “And it shall be” for the priest, like the grain offering.’ ”
Laws for Guilt Offerings
14Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 15“When a person#Or “a soul” displays infidelity#Literally “acts unfaithfully infidelity” or “is unfaithful in unfaithfulness” and he sins in an unintentional wrong in any of#Literally “from” Yahweh’s holy things, then#Or “and” he shall bring his guilt offering to#Or “for” Yahweh: a ram without defect from the flock#The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals) as a guilt offering by your valuation in silver shekels#Or “convertible into silver shekels” (NET, NRSV, TNK), “of the proper value in silver” (NIV; cp. ESV “valued in silver shekels,” CSB), or “or you may buy one of equal value with silver” (NLT) according to the sanctuary shekel. 16And he shall make restitution for what he sinned because of#Literally “from” (see HALOT 598) a holy thing and shall add one-fifth of its value#Literally “it” onto it and shall give it to the priest. The priest#Or “And the priest” shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and he will be forgiven.
17“If#Or “And if” a person#Or “a soul” when he sins violates#Literally “and she/it does” one from all of Yahweh’s commands that should not be violated,#Literally “they are to be done” but#Or “and” he did not know, then#Or “and” he is guilty and he shall bear his guilt. 18He shall bring#Or “And he shall bring” to the priest a ram without defect from the flock#The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals) as a guilt offering by your valuation, and the priest shall make atonement for him because of his unintentional wrong (although#Or “and” he himself did not know), and he will be forgiven. 19It is a guilt offering; he certainly was guilty before Yahweh.”
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