Romans 16
16
Paul’s Commendation of Phoebe
1I commend to you#2Co 3:1 our sister Phoebe, who is a servant#16:1 Others interpret this term in a technical sense: deacon, or deaconess, or minister, or courier of the church in Cenchreae.#Ac 18:18 2So you should welcome her in the Lord#Php 2:29 in a manner worthy of the saints and assist her in whatever matter she may require your help. For indeed she has been a benefactor of many — and of me also.
Greeting to Roman Christians
3Give my greetings to Prisca#16:3 Traditionally, Priscilla, as in Ac 18:2,18,26 and Aquila,#Ac 18:2 my coworkers in#Rm 8:11; 2Co 5:17; 12:2; Gl 1:22 Christ Jesus,#Rm 8:1 4who risked their own necks for my life. Not only do I thank them, but so do all the Gentile churches. 5Greet also the church that meets in their home.#1Co 16:19; Col 4:15; Phm 2 Greet my dear friend Epaenetus, who is the first convert#16:5 Lit the firstfruits#1Co 16:15 to Christ from Asia.#16:5 Other mss read Achaia#Ac 16:6 6Greet Mary,#16:6 Or Maria who has worked very hard for you.#16:6 Other mss read us 7Greet Andronicus and Junia, my fellow Jews#16:7 Or family members#Rm 9:3; 16:21 and fellow prisoners.#Col 4:10; Phm 23 They are noteworthy in the eyes of the apostles,#16:7 Or They are noteworthy among the apostles and they were also in Christ before me. 8Greet Ampliatus, my dear friend in the Lord. 9Greet Urbanus, our coworker in Christ, and my dear friend Stachys. 10Greet Apelles, who is approved in Christ. Greet those who belong to the household of Aristobulus.#1Co 1:11 11Greet Herodion, my fellow Jew.#16:11 Or family member Greet those who belong to the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord. 12Greet Tryphaena and Tryphosa, who have worked hard in the Lord. Greet my dear friend Persis, who has worked very hard in the Lord. 13Greet Rufus,#Mk 15:21 chosen in the Lord; also his mother — and mine. 14Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers and sisters who are with them. 15Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them.#Rm 16:2 16Greet one another with a holy kiss.#1Co 16:20; 2Co 13:12; 1Th 5:26; 1Pt 5:14 All the churches of Christ send you greetings.
Warning against Divisive People
17Now I urge you, brothers and sisters, to watch out for those who create divisions and obstacles contrary to the teaching that you learned.#1Tm 1:3; 6:3 Avoid them,#Mt 7:15; Gl 1:8–9; 2Th 3:6,14; Ti 3:10; 2Jn 10 18because such people do not serve our Lord Christ#Rm 14:18 but their own appetites.#16:18 Lit belly#Php 3:19 They deceive the hearts of the unsuspecting with smooth talk and flattering words.#Col 2:4; 2Pt 2:3
Paul’s Gracious Conclusion
19The report of your obedience has reached everyone.#Rm 1:8 Therefore I rejoice over you, but I want you to be wise about what is good, and yet innocent about what is evil.#Jr 4:22; Mt 10:16; 1Co 14:20 20The God of peace#Rm 15:33 will soon crush Satan#Mt 4:10 under your feet. The grace of our Lord Jesus be with you.#1Co 16:23; 2Co 13:13; Gl 6:18; Php 4:23; 1Th 5:28; 2Th 3:18; Rv 22:21
21Timothy,#Ac 16:1 my coworker, and Lucius,#Ac 13:1 Jason,#Ac 17:5 and Sosipater,#Ac 20:4 my fellow countrymen, greet you.
22I, Tertius, who wrote this letter,#1Co 16:21; Gl 6:11; Col 4:18; 2Th 3:17; Phm 19 greet you in the Lord.#16:22 Or letter in the Lord, greet you
23Gaius,#Ac 20:4; 1Co 1:14 who is host to me and to the whole church, greets you. Erastus,#Ac 19:22 the city treasurer, and our brother Quartus greet you.#16:23 Some mss include v. 24: The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all.
Glory to God
25Now to him who is able to strengthen you#Eph 3:20; Jd 24 according to my gospel and the proclamation about Jesus Christ,#Rm 2:16 according to the revelation of the mystery kept silent#Mt 13:35; Rm 11:25; 1Co 2:1,7; 4:1; Eph 1:9; 3:3,9; 6:19; Col 1:26; 2:2; 4:3; 1Tm 3:16 for long ages#2Tm 1:9; Ti 1:2 26but now revealed and made known through the prophetic Scriptures,#Rm 1:2 according to the command of the eternal God to advance the obedience of faith#Rm 1:5 among all the Gentiles — 27to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ — to him be the glory forever!#16:25–27 Other mss have these vv. at the end of chap. 14 or 15.#Rm 11:36 Amen.
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Romans 16: CSB
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© 2017 Holman Bible Publishers
Romans 16
16
Phoebe Commended. 1#Some authorities regard these verses as a later addition to the letter, but in general the evidence favors the view that they were included in the original. Paul endeavors through the long list of greetings (Rom 16:3–16, 21–23) to establish strong personal contact with congregations that he has not personally encountered before. The combination of Jewish and Gentile names dramatically attests the unity in the gospel that transcends previous barriers of nationality, religious ceremony, or racial status. I commend to you Phoebe our sister, who is [also] a minister#Minister: in Greek, diakonos; see note on Phil 1:1. of the church at Cenchreae,#Acts 18:18. 2that you may receive her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the holy ones, and help her in whatever she may need from you, for she has been a benefactor to many and to me as well.
Paul’s Greetings. 3Greet Prisca and Aquila,#Prisca and Aquila: presumably the couple mentioned at Acts 18:2; 1 Cor 16:19; 2 Tm 4:19. my co-workers in Christ Jesus,#Acts 18:2, 18–26; 1 Cor 16:19; 2 Tm 4:19. 4who risked their necks for my life, to whom not only I am grateful but also all the churches of the Gentiles; 5greet also the church at their house.#The church at their house: i.e., that meets there. Such local assemblies (cf. 1 Cor 16:19; Col 4:15; Phlm 2) might consist of only one or two dozen Christians each. It is understandable, therefore, that such smaller groups might experience difficulty in relating to one another on certain issues. Firstfruits: cf. Rom 8:23; 11:16; 1 Cor 16:15. Greet my beloved Epaenetus, who was the firstfruits in Asia for Christ.#1 Cor 16:19; Col 4:15; Phlm 2 / 1 Cor 16:15. 6Greet Mary, who has worked hard for you. 7Greet Andronicus and Junia,#The name Junia is a woman’s name. One ancient Greek manuscript and a number of ancient versions read the name “Julia.” Most editors have interpreted it as a man’s name, Junias. my relatives and my fellow prisoners; they are prominent among the apostles and they were in Christ before me. 8Greet Ampliatus, my beloved in the Lord. 9Greet Urbanus, our co-worker in Christ, and my beloved Stachys. 10Greet Apelles, who is approved in Christ. Greet those who belong to the family of Aristobulus. 11Greet my relative Herodion. Greet those in the Lord who belong to the family of Narcissus. 12Greet those workers in the Lord, Tryphaena and Tryphosa. Greet the beloved Persis, who has worked hard in the Lord. 13Greet Rufus,#This Rufus cannot be identified to any degree of certainty with the Rufus of Mk 15:21. chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine.#Mk 15:21. 14Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers who are with them. 15Greet Philologus, Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the holy ones who are with them. 16Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.#1 Cor 16:20; 2 Cor 13:12; 1 Thes 5:26; 1 Pt 5:14.
Against Factions. 17#Paul displays genuine concern for the congregations in Rome by warning them against self-seeking teachers. It would be a great loss, he intimates, if their obedience, which is known to all (cf. Rom 1:8), would be diluted. I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who create dissensions and obstacles, in opposition to the teaching that you learned; avoid them.#Mt 7:15; Ti 3:10. 18For such people do not serve our Lord Christ but their own appetites, and by fair and flattering speech they deceive the hearts of the innocent.#Phil 3:18–19; Col 2:4; 2 Pt 2:3. 19For while your obedience is known to all, so that I rejoice over you, I want you to be wise as to what is good, and simple as to what is evil;#1:8; Mt 10:16; 1 Cor 14:20. 20then the God of peace will quickly crush Satan#This verse contains the only mention of Satan in Romans. under your feet. The grace of our Lord Jesus be with you.#15:33; Gn 3:15; Lk 10:19 / 1 Cor 16:23; 1 Thes 5:28; 2 Thes 3:18.
Greetings from Corinth. 21Timothy, my co-worker, greets you; so do Lucius and Jason and Sosipater, my relatives.#Acts 16:1–2; 19:22; 20:4; 1 Cor 4:17; 16:10; Phil 2:19–22; Heb 13:23. 22I, Tertius, the writer of this letter, greet you in the Lord. 23#Acts 19:29; 1 Cor 1:14 / 2 Tm 4:20. Gaius, who is host to me and to the whole church, greets you. Erastus,#This Erastus is not necessarily to be identified with the Erastus of Acts 19:22 or of 2 Tm 4:20. the city treasurer, and our brother Quartus greet you. [24]#Some manuscripts add, similarly to Rom 16:20, “The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.”
Doxology.#This doxology is assigned variously to the end of Rom 14; 15; 16 in the manuscript tradition. Some manuscripts omit it entirely. Whether written by Paul or not, it forms an admirable conclusion to the letter at this point. [25Now to him who can strengthen you, according to my gospel and the proclamation of Jesus Christ,#1 Cor 2:7; Eph 1:9; 3:3–9; Col 1:26. according to the revelation of the mystery kept secret for long ages#Paul’s gospel reveals the mystery kept secret for long ages: justification and salvation through faith, with all the implications for Jews and Gentiles that Paul has developed in the letter. 26but now manifested through the prophetic writings and, according to the command of the eternal God, made known to all nations to bring about the obedience of faith,#2 Tm 1:10 / Rom 1:5; Eph 3:4–5, 9; 1 Pt 1:20. 27to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ be glory forever and ever. Amen.]#11:36; Gal 1:5; Eph 3:20–21; Phil 4:20; 1 Tm 1:17; 2 Tm 4:18; Heb 13:21; 1 Pt 4:11; 2 Pt 3:18; Jude 25; Rev 1:6.
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