Luke 20
20
The Authority of Jesus Challenged
1One # 20:1–8 Mt 21:23–27; Mk 11:27–33 day as he was teaching # 20:1 Lk 19:47 the people in the temple and proclaiming the good news, # 20:1 Lk 4:18; 8:1 the chief priests and the scribes, with the elders, # 20:1 Lk 9:22; 22:66 came 2and said to him, “Tell us, by what authority are you doing these things? Who is it who gave you this authority? ”
3He answered them, “I will also ask you a question. Tell me, 4was the baptism of John from heaven or of human origin? ”
5They discussed it among themselves: “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will say, ‘Why didn’t you believe him? ’ 6But if we say, ‘Of human origin,’ all the people # 20:6 Lk 19:48 will stone us, because they are convinced that John was a prophet.” # 20:6 Mt 11:9; Lk 7:29–30 7So they answered that they did not know its origin.
8And Jesus said to them, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things.”
The Parable of the Vineyard Owner
9Now # 20:9–19 Mt 21:33–46; Mk 12:1–12 he began to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard, # 20:9 Is 5:1–7 leased it to tenant farmers, and went away for a long time. 10At harvest time he sent a servant to the farmers so that they might give him some fruit from the vineyard. But the farmers beat him and sent him away empty-handed. 11He sent yet another servant, but they beat that one too, treated him shamefully, and sent him away empty-handed. 12And he sent yet a third, but they wounded this one too and threw him out.
13 “Then the owner of the vineyard said, ‘What should I do? I will send my beloved # 20:13 Mt 17:5; Lk 3:22 son. Perhaps # 20:13 Other mss add when they see him they will respect him.’
14 “But when the tenant farmers saw him, they discussed it among themselves and said, ‘This is the heir. Let’s kill him, so that the inheritance will be ours.’ # 20:14 Lk 16:16 15So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.
“What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them? 16He will come and kill # 20:16 Lk 19:27 those farmers and give the vineyard to others.”
But when they heard this they said, “That must never happen! ” # 20:16 Rm 3:4; 1Co 6:15; Gl 2:17
17But he looked at them and said, “Then what is the meaning of this Scripture: # 20:17 Lit “What then is this that is written,# 20:17 Lk 4:17; 18:31; 21:22,37; 24:44
The stone that the builders rejected
has become the cornerstone? # 20:17 Ps 118:22; Ac 4:11; Eph 2:20; 1Pt 2:4–7,# 20:17 Ps 118:22
18 Everyone who falls on that stone will be broken to pieces, but on whomever it falls, it will shatter him.” # 20:18 Is 8:14–15; Dn 2:34–35,44–45; Rm 9:32–33; 1Pt 2:8
19Then the scribes and the chief priests # 20:19 Mt 2:4; 20:18; 21:15; Lk 22:2; 23:10 looked for a way to get their hands on him # 20:19 Lk 19:47; 21:12 that very hour, because they knew he had told this parable against them, but they feared the people. # 20:19 Lk 22:2
God and Caesar
20They # 20:20–26 Mt 20:15–22; Mk 12:13–17 watched closely # 20:20 Lk 6:7; 14:1 and sent spies # 20:20 Mt 22:15–16 who pretended to be righteous, # 20:20 Or upright so that they could catch him in what he said, # 20:20 Lk 11:54 to hand him # 20:20 Lk 24:20; Ac 3:13; Rm 8:32 over to the governor’s # 20:20 Mt 27:2; Lk 21:12 rule and authority. 21They questioned him, “Teacher, we know that you speak and teach correctly, # 20:21 Jn 3:2 and you don’t show partiality # 20:21 Lit you don’t receive a face,# 20:21 Dt 1:17; 10:17; Mal 2:9; Mt 22:16 but teach truthfully the way of God. # 20:21 Ac 13:10; 18:25–26 22Is it lawful # 20:22 Lk 6:9; 14:3 for us to pay taxes # 20:22 Mt 17:25; Lk 23:2; Rm 13:6–7 to Caesar # 20:22 Lk 2:1; 3:1; 20:24–25; 23:2 or not? ”
23But detecting their craftiness, he said to them, # 20:23 Other mss add “Why are you testing me? 24“Show me a denarius. # 20:24 A denarius = one day’s wage Whose image and inscription does it have? ”
“Caesar’s,” they said.
25 “Well then,” he told them, “give to Caesar # 20:25 Mt 22:21 the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.”
26They were not able to catch him in what he said in public, and being amazed at his answer, they became silent. # 20:26 Lk 9:36; 14:4
The Sadducees and the Resurrection
27Some # 20:27–40 Mt 22:23–33,46; Mk 12:18–27,34 of the Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection, # 20:27 Ac 23:6 came up and questioned him: 28“Teacher, Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother has a wife, and dies childless, his brother should take the wife and produce offspring for his brother. # 20:28 Dt 25:5,# 20:28 Dt 25:5 29Now there were seven brothers. The first took a wife and died without children. 30Also the second # 20:30 Other mss add took her as wife, and he died without children 31and the third took her. In the same way, all seven died and left no children. 32Finally, the woman died too. 33In the resurrection, therefore, whose wife will the woman be? For all seven had married her.”
34Jesus told them, “The children of this age # 20:34 Lk 16:8 marry and are given in marriage. # 20:34 Lk 17:27 35But those who are counted worthy # 20:35 Ac 5:41; 2Th 1:5 to take part in that age # 20:35 Mk 10:30 and in the resurrection from the dead neither marry nor are given in marriage. 36For they can no longer die, # 20:36 1Co 15:54–55; Rv 21:4 because they are like angels and are children of God, # 20:36 Ps 82:6; Mt 5:45; Rm 8:14,19; Gl 3:26 since they are children of the resurrection. 37Moses even indicated in the passage about the burning bush that the dead are raised, where he calls the Lord the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob. # 20:37 Ex 3:6,15,# 20:37 Ex 3:6,15–16; 4:5; Mt 1:2; Ac 3:13; 7:30–32 38He is not the God of the dead but of the living, because all are living to # 20:38 Or with him.” # 20:38 Rm 6:10–11; 14:7–8; 2Co 5:14–15; Gl 2:19–20; 1Th 4:14; 5:10
39Some of the scribes answered, “Teacher, you have spoken well.” 40And they no longer dared to ask him anything.
The Question about the Messiah
41Then # 20:41–44 Mt 22:41–46; Mk 12:34–37 he said to them, “How can they say that the Messiah is the son of David? # 20:41 Mt 1:1,17; Lk 1:27; Rm 1:3; Eph 5:2 42For David himself says in the Book of Psalms: # 20:42 Lk 24:44; Ac 1:20
The Lord declared to my Lord,
‘Sit at my right hand
43 until I make your enemies your footstool.’ # 20:42–43 Ps 110:1,# 20:42–43 Ps 110:1; Ac 2:34–35; 1Co 15:25; Heb 1:13; 10:13
44 David calls him ‘Lord.’ How, then, can he be his son? ” # 20:44 Rm 1:3–4
Warning against the Scribes
45While # 20:45–47 Mt 23:1–36; Mk 12:37–40 all the people were listening, he said to his disciples, 46“Beware # 20:46 Mt 16:6 of the scribes, who want to go around in long robes and who love greetings in the marketplaces, the best seats in the synagogues, and the places of honor at banquets. # 20:46 Lk 11:43 47They devour widows’ houses and say long prayers just for show. These will receive harsher judgment.”
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Luke 20: CSB
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© 2017 Holman Bible Publishers
Lukas 20
20
1And it came about on one of the yamim Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach was saying shiurim to HaAm (the People) in the Beis Hamikdash and was preaching the Besuras HaGeulah, the Rashei Hakohanim and the Sofrim with the Ziknei HaAm stood by; 2They spoke, saying to him, Tell us by what shlita (authority) you do these things, or who is the one having given to you this shlita? 3In reply, Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach said to them, I will also confront you will a she'elah, and you tell me: 4The tevilah of teshuva of Yochanan — was it from Shomayim or from Bnei Adam? 5And they reasoned to themselves saying, If we say, from Shomayim, he will say, why did you not believe him? 6But if we say, from Bnei Adam, HaAm (the People) all will subject us to sequilah (stoning), for HaAm Yisroel are all convinced that Yochanan is a navi. 7And they answered that they did not have daas of the origin of the tevilah of teshuva of Yochanan. 8And Rebbe Melech HaMoshiach said to them, Neither am I telling you by what shlita (authority) I do these things.
9And he began to tell this mashal to HaAm Yisroel. A certain ish planted a kerem and leased it to koremim (vine keepers) and he went away for a long time.#20:9 Isa 5:1-7 10And in season he sent to the koremim (vine keepers) an eved (servant) that from the pri of the kerem they will give to him. But the koremim (vine keepers) sent the eved away empty, having beaten him. 11And he proceeded to send another eved. But him also, when they had beaten and dishonored him, they sent him away empty. 12And he proceeded to send an eved shlishi (a third servant). And also this one, having wounded, they threw out. 13And the Adon of the kerem, said, What should I do? I will send Beni Ahuvi. Perhaps this one they will respect. 14But having seen him, the koremim (vine keepers) were reasoning with one another saying, This one is the Bechor, the heir. Let us kill him, that the bechorah may become ours. 15And having driven him outside the kerem, they killed him. What then will the Baal HaKerem do to them? 16He will come and will destroy these koremim (vine keepers) and will give the kerem to others. And having heard this, HaAm Yisroel said, Chas vShalom! 17But having looked at them, Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach said, What then is this which has been written: EVEN MAASU HAYTAH LEROSH PINAH (The Stone they rejected became the capstone)?#20:17 Ps 118:22 18Everyone having fallen upon that EVEN (stone) will be DAKU#20:18 Dan 2:34 (broken into pieces), and upon whomever it falls, it will crush him.#20:18 Isa 8:14,15; Dan 2:34f
19And the Sofrim and the Rashei Hakohenim sought to lay their hands upon him in the same hour, but they were afraid of HaAm Yisroel, for they knew that he spoke this mashal (parable) against them. 20And having watched carefully, they sent spies pretending themselves to be tzaddikim, that they might catch him in his dvar, so as to deliver him to the rulers and the manhigim under the Moshel (Governor). 21And they set a she'elah (question) before him, saying, Rabbi, we have daas that you speak beemes in the shiurim you say and you show no deference toward anyone, but on the basis of HaEmes you give torah about HaDerech Hashem. 22Is it mutar for us to pay tax to Caesar or not? 23But having noticed the ORMAH#20:23 Gn 3:1 (cunning, craftiness) in their manner, Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach said to them, 24Show me a denarius. Whose demut (likeness) has it? And whose inscription? And they said, Caesarʼs. 25And he said to them, Then give the things of Caesar to Caesar and the things of Hashem to Hashem. 26And they were not able to catch him in his dvar before the people and, having been nispoyel (marveled) at his teshuva (answer), they were silent.
27And some of the Tzedukim — the Tzedukim are the ones speaking against the Techiyas HaMesim, who say there is none — approached Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach. They set a she'elah (question) before him, 28Saying, Rabbi, Moshe Rabbenu laid it down in writing to us, if someoneʼs ach dies and has an isha, and UVEN EIN LO (and there is no son to him), that he should take the almanah of his ach and he should raise up a zera (seed) to his ach.#20:28 Dt 25:5 29Now there were shiva achim. And the first took an isha, and died UVEN EIN LO (and there is no son to him). 30And the second took her to be his isha, and he died childless. 31And the third took her; and likewise also the seventh did not leave behind a ben and they all died. 32And lemaskana (finally) the isha died. 33The isha, then, in the Techiyas HaMesim, of which of them does she become the wife? For shiva had her as isha (wife).
34And Rebbe Melech HaMoshiach said to them, The banim of the Olam Hazeh marry and are given in marriage: 35But the ones having been considered worthy to attain to the Olam HaBah and the Techiyas HaMesim neither marry nor are given in marriage. 36For neither is it possible any longer for them to die, for they are like malachim and they are bnei haElohim, being bnei haTechiyas HaMesim. 37But that the Mesim are made to stand up alive, even Moshe revealed at the burning bush, as he calls Adonoi ELOHEI AVRAHAM ELOHEI YITZCHAK VELOHEI YA'AKOV.#20:37 Ex 3:6 38But Hashem is not the G-d of Mesim but is Elohei HaChayyim, for to Hashem all are alive. 39And, in reply, some of the Sofrim said, Rabbi, you spoke well. 40For no longer were they daring to set a she'elah (question) before him regarding anything.
41And he said to them, How do they say that the Rebbe Melech HaMoshiach is to be [merely] Dovidʼs ben? 42For Dovid himself says in the book of Tehillim, NEUM HASHEM LADONI: SHEV LIMINI, 43AD ASHIT OYVECHA HADOM L'RAGLECHA.#20:43 Ps 110:1 44Therefore, if Dovid calls him Adon, how is he [merely] ben Dovid?
45In the hearing of all the people, Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach said to his talmidim, 46Beware of the Sofrim (Rabbonim), the ones wanting to strut around in long kaftans and loving#20:46 obsequious Birkat Shalom greetings in the marketplaces and the rashei hamoshavot (chief seats) in the shuls and the places of kavod at seudos tishen, 47Which devour the batim (houses) of the almanot (widows) and for the sake of appearance daven lengthy tefillos (prayers): the same shall receive greater damnation.
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