Leviticus 5
5
Cases Requiring Sin Offerings
1“When someone sins in any of these ways:
If he has seen, heard, or known about something he has witnessed, and did not respond to a public call to testify, he will bear his iniquity.#Gn 4:13; Ex 20:5; Lv 16:21–22; Nm 5:15,31; Dt 19:15
2Or if someone touches anything unclean#Lv 11:4; Nm 19:13 — a carcass of an unclean wild animal,#Lv 26:6 or unclean livestock, or an unclean swarming creature#Lv 11:24–40; Dt 14:8 — without being aware of it, he is unclean and incurs guilt.#Nm 5:6; Ps 68:21
3Or if he touches human uncleanness#Lv 14:19 — any uncleanness by which one can become defiled#Lv 11:24 — without being aware of it, but later recognizes it, he incurs guilt.
4Or if someone swears rashly#Ps 106:33; Pr 12:18 to do what is good or evil — concerning anything a person may speak rashly in an oath — without being aware of it, but later recognizes it, he incurs guilt in such an instance.
5If someone incurs guilt in one of these cases, he is to confess#Lv 16:21 he has committed that sin. 6He must bring his penalty for guilt#Lv 14:12 for the sin he has committed to the Lord: a female lamb or goat from the flock as a sin offering. In this way the priest will make atonement#Ex 30:15 on his behalf for his sin.
7“But if he cannot afford an animal from the flock, then he may bring to the Lord two turtledoves or two young pigeons#Lv 1:14 as penalty for guilt for his sin — one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering. 8He is to bring them to the priest, who will first present the one for the sin offering. He is to twist its head at the back of the neck without severing it.#Gn 15:10; Lv 1:15,17 9Then he will sprinkle some of the blood of the sin offering on the side of the altar, while the rest of the blood is to be drained out at the base of the altar;#Lv 4:25,30 it is a sin offering. 10He will prepare the second bird as a burnt offering according to the regulation.#Lv 1:14–17 In this way the priest will make atonement on his behalf for the sin he has committed, and he will be forgiven.
11“But if he cannot afford two turtledoves or two young pigeons,#Lk 2:24 he may bring two quarts#5:11 Lit one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour#5:11 Lit flour as a sin offering#Lv 2:1 as an offering for his sin. He must not put olive oil or frankincense on it, for it is a sin offering. 12He is to bring it to the priest, who will take a handful from it as its memorial portion#Lv 2:2 and burn it on the altar along with the food offerings to the Lord; it is a sin offering. 13In this way the priest will make atonement on his behalf concerning the sin he has committed in any of these cases, and he will be forgiven. The rest will belong to the priest, like the grain offering.”#Lv 2:3,10
The Guilt Offering
14Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 15“If someone offends#Dt 32:51 by sinning unintentionally#Nm 15:24 in regard to any of the Lord’s holy things,#5:15 Things dedicated to the Lord he must bring his penalty for guilt to the Lord: an unblemished ram from the flock (based on your assessment of its value in silver shekels, according to the sanctuary shekel#Lv 27:3; Nm 3:47) as a guilt offering. 16He is to make restitution#Lv 14:12; 24:18 for his sin regarding any holy#Lv 25:12 thing, adding a fifth of its value to it,#Lv 27:13 and give it to the priest. Then the priest will make atonement on his behalf with the ram of the guilt offering, and he will be forgiven.#Lv 4:20,26,31,35; 6:7
17“If someone sins and without knowing it violates any of the Lord’s commands concerning anything prohibited, he is guilty, and he will bear his iniquity. 18He must bring an unblemished ram from the flock according to your assessment of its value as a guilt offering to the priest. Then the priest will make atonement on his behalf for the error he has committed unintentionally, and he will be forgiven. 19It is a guilt offering; he is indeed guilty before the Lord.”
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Leviticus 5: CSB
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© 2017 Holman Bible Publishers
Vayikra 5
5
1And if a nefesh sin, after he hears a public adjuration to give testimony, and he is an ed (witness), whether he hath seen or known of it; if he does not utter it, then he shall bear his avon (iniquity).
2Or if a nefesh touch anything tamei (unclean), whether it be a nivlat chayyah teme'ah (carcass of an unclean beast), or a nivlat behemah teme'ah (carcass of unclean livestock), or the nivlat sheretz tamei (carcass of unclean creeping things), and if it be hidden from him; he also shall be tamei, and guilty.
3Or if he touch the tum'at adam (uncleanness of man), whatsoever tumah it be that a man shall be made unclean therewith, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty.
4Or if a nefesh swear, rashly pronouncing with his lips to do harah, or to do hatov, whatsoever it be that a man shall pronounce with a shevuah (oath), and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty in one of these.
5And it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that v'hitvaddah (he shall confess) that he hath sinned in that thing;
6And he shall bring his asham (penalty, trespass offering) unto Hashem for his chattat (sin) which he hath sinned, a nekevah from the flock, a lamb or a female goat, for a chattat (sin offering); and the kohen shall make kapporah for him concerning his chattat.
7And if he be not able to afford a seh (lamb), then he shall bring for his asham (guilt offering),#5:7 See Sanhedrin 98b on Isa 53; see Isa 53:10 which says that Moshiachʼs self-offering will be an asham for his people, cf Isa 53:8 which he hath sinned, two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, unto Hashem; one for a chattat (sin offering), and the other for an olah (burnt offering).
8And he shall bring them unto the kohen, who shall offer that which is for the chattat (sin offering) first, and wring off his head from his neck, but shall not separate it;
9And he shall sprinkle of the dahm of the chattat (sin offering) upon the side of the Mizbe'ach; and the rest of the dahm shall be pressed out at the base of the Mizbe'ach; it is a chattat (sin offering).
10And he shall offer the second for an olah (burnt offering), according to the mishpat (prescribed manner); and the kohen shall make kapporah for him for his chattat (sin) which he hath sinned, and it shall be forgiven him.
11But if he be not able to afford two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his korban the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a chattat (sin offering); he shall put no shemen upon it, neither shall he put any incense thereon; for it is a chattat (sin offering).
12Then shall he bring it to the kohen, and the kohen shall take his handful of it, even a memorial portion thereof, and burn it on the Mizbe'ach, according to the offerings made by eish unto Hashem; it is a chattat (sin offering).
13And the kohen shall make kapporah for him as touching his chattat (sin) that he hath sinned in one of these, and it shall be forgiven him; and the remnant shall be the kohenʼs, like the minchah.
14And Hashem spoke unto Moshe, saying,
15If a nefesh commit a ma'al (trespass), and sin through ignorance (unintentionally), in the holy things of Hashem; then he shall bring for his asham unto Hashem a ram tamim#5:15 See Gn 22:13 on the vicarious aspect of the substitutionary atonement and compare Isa 53:5,8 out of the flocks, with thy estimation by shekels of kesef, after the Shekel HaKodesh (the Shekel of the Sanctuary), for an asham (trespass or guilt offering).
16And he shall make restitution in regard to the holy thing in which he was remiss, and shall add the fifth part thereto, and give it unto the kohen; and the kohen shall make kapporah for him with the ram of the asham (trespass offering), and it shall be forgiven him.
17And if a nefesh sin, and commit any of these things which are forbidden to be done by the mitzvot Hashem; though he know it not, yet he is guilty, and shall bear his avon (iniquity).
18And he shall bring a ram tamim out of the flock, with thy estimation, for an asham (trespass offering) unto the kohen; and the kohen shall make kapporah for him concerning his ignorance wherein he erred and knew it not and it shall be forgiven him.
19It is an asham (trespass offering); he hath certainly trespassed against Hashem.#5:19 See Isa 53:10 on Moshiachʼs asham offering for Israel — Isa 53:8
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