James 4

Proud or Humble

1What is the source of wars and fights among you? Don’t they come from your passions # 4:1 Rm 7:23; Ti 3:9 that wage war within you? # 4:1 Or war in your members 2You desire and do not have. You murder and covet and cannot obtain. You fight and wage war. # 4:2 Or You desire and do not have, so you murder. You covet and cannot obtain, so you fight and wage war. You do not have because you do not ask. 3You ask and don’t receive because you ask with wrong motives, so that you may spend it on your pleasures. # 4:3 Ps 18:41; 1Jn 3:22; 5:14

4You adulterous people! # 4:4 Lit Adulteresses Don’t you know that friendship with the world is hostility toward God? So whoever wants to be the friend of the world becomes the enemy of God. # 4:4 Jn 15:19; Jms 1:27; 1Jn 2:15 5Or do you think it’s without reason that the Scripture says: The spirit he made to dwell in us envies intensely? # 4:5 Or Scripture says: He jealously yearns for the spirit he made to live in us?, or Scripture says: The Spirit he made to dwell in us longs jealously?,# 4:5 1Co 6:19; 2Co 6:16

6But he gives greater grace. Therefore he says:

God resists the proud

but gives grace to the humble. # 4:6 Pr 3:34,# 4:6 Ps 138:6; Pr 3:34; Mt 23:12

7Therefore, submit to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. # 4:7 Eph 4:27; 6:11; 1Pt 5:8–9 8Draw near to God, and he will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded. # 4:8 2Ch 15:2; Is 1:16; Jms 1:8 9Be miserable and mourn and weep. Let your laughter be turned to mourning and your joy to gloom. # 4:9 Mt 5:4; Lk 6:25 10Humble yourselves before the Lord, and he will exalt you.

11Don’t criticize one another, brothers and sisters. Anyone who defames or judges a fellow believer # 4:11 Or his brother or sister defames and judges the law. If you judge the law, you are not a doer of the law but a judge. # 4:11 Mt 7:1; Jms 1:22; 1Pt 2:1 12There is one lawgiver and judge # 4:12 Other mss omit and judge who is able to save and to destroy. But who are you to judge your neighbor? # 4:12 Mt 10:28; Rm 14:4

Our Will and God’s Will

13Come now, you who say, “Today or tomorrow we will travel to such and such a city and spend a year there and do business and make a profit.” # 4:13 Pr 27:1; Lk 12:18–20 14Yet you do not know what tomorrow will bring — what your life will be! For you are like vapor that appears for a little while, then vanishes. # 4:14 Jb 7:7; Ps 102:3

15Instead, you should say, “If the Lord wills, we will live and do this or that.” 16But as it is, you boast in your arrogance. All such boasting is evil. # 4:15–16 Ac 18:21; 1Co 5:6 17So it is sin to know the good and yet not do it. # 4:17 Lk 12:47–48; Jn 9:41; 2Pt 2:21

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Ya'akov 4

1From where do milchamot (wars) come? What is their goirem (driving force)? And from where come fights among you? Is it not from here, from the ta'avot (lusts) of you warring in your evarim (members)? 2You lust for something and you do not have it; you kill and you envy and you are not able to obtain. You get involved in machalokot (divisions of dissensions) and fights. You do not have because you fail to daven with your request. 3Or you make techinot (petitions) and you do not receive, because you ask wrongly, that on your ta'avot (lusts) you may spend what you receive.#4:3 Ps 18:41; 66:18 4No'efot (adulterers)! Do you not have da'as that to have shaichus (closeness, friendship, intimacy) with the Olam Hazeh is eyvah im Hashem (enmity with G-d)? Therefore, whoever chooses to make the Olam Hazeh his Oihev is made an Oyev (Enemy) of Hashem.#4:4 Isa 54:4; Jer 3:20; Hos 2:2-5; 3:1; 9:1 5Or do you think that in vain the Kitvei Hakodesh attests that Hashem yearns jealously over the Ruach Hakodesh He causes to dwell in us? 6But He gives all the more Chen v'Chesed! Therefore it says, Hashem LALETZIM HU YALITZ V'LA'ANAYIM YITEN CHEN#4:6 Prov 3:34 (Hashem opposes the proud mocker but gives grace to the humble). 7Submit yourselves in mishma'at (obedience) to Hashem. Resist HaSatan, and he will flee from you. 8Draw near to Hashem and Hashem will draw near to you. Cleanse your yadayim (hands), you chote'im (sinners)! And purify your levavot, you anashim of double mind!#4:8 Ps 73:28; Zech 1:3; Mal 3:7; Isa 1:16; Ps 24:4; 119:113; Jer 4:14 9Lament and mourn and weep. Let the tzechok (laughter) of you be changed to avelut (mourning), and the simcha of you be turned to tugah (sadness). 10Be humbled before Hashem and He will exalt you.#4:10 Job 5:11

11Do not speak lashon hora against an Ach b'Moshiach. The one speaking against an Ach b'Moshiach or setting himself up as a shofet (judge) of his Ach b'Moshiach speaks against the Torah and sets himself up as shofet of the Torah. Now if the Torah you judge, you are not Shomrei HaTorah but a shofet. 12One is the Mekhokek (Law-Giver) and HaShofet (The Judge), the One who is able to save and to destroy. But who are you, the one who has set yourself up as the shofet of your re'a (neighbor)?

13Come now, you who say, “Hayom (today) or makhar (tomorrow) we will go into this or that city and we will do business there a year and will sell and make a revach (profit).” 14Yet you do not even have da'as of what tomorrowʼs “yom” may bring. Look at your life! Are you not an ed (mist), appearing a short time, then indeed disappearing?#4:14 Job 7:7; Ps 39:5; 102:3; 144:4; Isa 2:22 15Instead of this, you ought to say “Im yirtzeh Hashem” (if the L-rd wills) “we will live, also we will do this or that.” 16But now you boast in your pretensions. All such ravrevanut (boastfulness) is ra'ah (evil, wickedness). 17To the one having da'as, therefore, knowing to do tov and not doing it, to him it is chet.

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