1 Samuel 14
14
1That same day Saul’s son Jonathan said to the attendant who carried his weapons, “Come on, let’s cross over to the Philistine garrison on the other side.” However, he did not tell his father.
2Saul was staying under the pomegranate tree in Migron#Is 10:28 on the outskirts of Gibeah.#14:2 LXX reads on top of the hill#1Sm 13:15–16 The troops with him numbered about six hundred.#1Sm 13:15 3Ahijah,#1Sm 22:9–12,20 who was wearing an ephod,#1Sm 2:28 was also there. He was the son of Ahitub, the brother of Ichabod#1Sm 4:21 son of Phinehas, son of Eli the Lord’s priest at Shiloh.#1Sm 1:3 But the troops did not know that Jonathan had left.
4There were sharp columns#14:4 Lit There was a tooth of rock on both sides of the pass#1Sm 13:23 that Jonathan intended to cross to reach the Philistine garrison. One was named Bozez and the other Seneh; 5one stood to the north in front of Michmash and the other to the south in front of Geba. 6Jonathan said to the attendant who carried his weapons, “Come on, let’s cross over to the garrison of these uncircumcised men.#1Sm 17:26,36; Jr 9:25–26 Perhaps the Lord will help us. Nothing can keep the Lord from saving, whether by many or by few.”#Jdg 7:4–7
7His armor-bearer responded, “Do what is in your heart. Go ahead! I’m completely with you.”
8“All right,” Jonathan replied, “we’ll cross over to the men and then let them see us. 9If they say, ‘Wait until we reach you,’ then we will stay where we are and not go up to them. 10But if they say, ‘Come on up,’ then we’ll go up, because the Lord has handed them over to us — that will be our sign.”
11They let themselves be seen by the Philistine garrison, and the Philistines said, “Look, the Hebrews are coming out of the holes where they’ve been hiding!” 12The men of the garrison called to Jonathan and his armor-bearer. “Come on up, and we’ll teach you a lesson!” they said.
“Follow me,” Jonathan told his armor-bearer, “for the Lord has handed them over to Israel.”#2Sm 5:24 13Jonathan climbed up using his hands and feet, with his armor-bearer behind him. Jonathan cut them down, and his armor-bearer followed and finished them off. 14In that first assault Jonathan and his armor-bearer struck down about twenty men in a half-acre field.
A Defeat for the Philistines
15Terror spread through the Philistine camp and the open fields to all the troops. Even the garrison and the raiding parties#1Sm 13:17–18 were terrified. The earth shook,#1Sm 7:10 and terror spread from God.#14:15 Or and a great terror spread#2Kg 7:6 16When Saul’s watchmen in Gibeah of Benjamin looked, they saw the panicking troops scattering in every direction. 17So Saul said to the troops with him, “Call the roll and determine who has left us.” They called the roll and saw that Jonathan and his armor-bearer were gone.
18Saul told Ahijah, “Bring the ark of God,” for it was with the Israelites#14:18 LXX reads “Bring the ephod.” For he wore the ephod before Israel at that time. 19While Saul spoke to the priest,#Nm 27:21 the panic in the Philistine camp increased in intensity. So Saul said to the priest, “Stop what you’re doing.”#14:19 Lit “Withdraw your hand”
20Saul and all the troops with him assembled and marched to the battle, and there the Philistines were, fighting against each other in great confusion!#Jdg 7:22; 2Ch 20:23 21There were Hebrews from the area who had gone earlier into the camp to join the Philistines, but even they joined the Israelites#1Sm 29:4 who were with Saul and Jonathan. 22When all the Israelite men who had been hiding in the hill country of Ephraim#1Sm 13:6 heard that the Philistines were fleeing, they also joined Saul and Jonathan in the battle. 23So the Lord saved Israel that day.#Ex 14:30
Saul’s Rash Oath
The battle extended beyond Beth-aven, 24and the men of Israel were worn out that day, for Saul had#14:24 LXX adds committed a great act of ignorance and placed the troops under an oath:#Jos 6:26 “The man who eats food before evening, before I have taken vengeance on my enemies is cursed.” So none of the troops tasted any food.
25Everyone#14:25 Lit All the land went into the forest, and there was honey on the ground. 26When the troops entered the forest, they saw the flow of honey, but none of them ate any of it#14:26 Lit but there was none who raised his hand to his mouth because they feared the oath. 27However, Jonathan had not heard his father make the troops swear the oath. He reached out with the end of the staff he was carrying and dipped it into the honeycomb.#1Sm 14:43 When he ate the honey,#14:27 Lit he returned his hand to his mouth he had renewed energy.#14:27 Lit his eyes became bright#1Sm 30:12 28Then one of the troops said, “Your father made the troops solemnly swear, ‘The man who eats food today is cursed,’ and the troops are exhausted.”
29Jonathan replied, “My father has brought trouble to the land.#1Kg 18:17–18 Just look at how I have renewed energy#14:29 Lit how my eyes became bright because I tasted a little of this honey. 30How much better if the troops had eaten freely today from the plunder they took from their enemies! Then the slaughter of the Philistines would have been much greater.”
31The Israelites struck down the Philistines that day from Michmash#1Sm 14:5 all the way to Aijalon.#Jos 10:12 Since the Israelites were completely exhausted, 32they rushed to the plunder,#1Sm 15:19 took sheep, goats, cattle, and calves, slaughtered them on the ground, and ate meat with the blood still in it. 33Some reported to Saul, “Look, the troops are sinning against the Lord by eating meat with the blood still in it.”#Gn 9:4; Lv 17:10–12
Saul said, “You have been unfaithful. Roll a large stone over here at once.” 34He then said, “Go among the troops and say to them, ‘Let each man bring me his ox or his sheep. Do the slaughtering here and then you can eat. Don’t sin against the Lord by eating meat with the blood in it.’” So every one of the troops brought his ox that night and slaughtered it there. 35Then Saul built an altar to the Lord; it was the first time he had built an altar to the Lord.#1Sm 7:12,17
36Saul said, “Let’s go down after the Philistines tonight and plunder them until morning. Don’t let even one remain!”
“Do whatever you want,” the troops replied.
But the priest#1Sm 14:3,18–19 said, “Let’s approach God here.”#Jdg 18:5–6
37So Saul inquired of God,#1Sm 10:22 “Should I go after the Philistines? Will you hand them over to Israel?” But God did not answer him that day.#1Sm 28:6
38Saul said, “All you leaders of the troops, come here. Let’s investigate#14:38 Lit know and see how this sin has occurred today. 39As surely as the Lord lives who saves Israel, even if it is because of my son Jonathan, he must die!” Not one of the troops answered him.
40So he said to all Israel, “You will be on one side, and I and my son Jonathan will be on the other side.”
And the troops replied, “Do whatever you want.”
41So Saul said to the Lord, “God of Israel, why have you not answered your servant today? If the unrighteousness is in me or in my son Jonathan, Lord God of Israel, give Urim; but if the fault is in your people Israel, give Thummim.”#14:41 LXX; MT reads said to the Lord, “God of Israel, give us the right decision.”#Ac 1:24 Jonathan and Saul were selected, and the troops were cleared of the charge.
42Then Saul said, “Cast the lot between me and my son Jonathan,” and Jonathan was selected. 43Saul commanded him, “Tell me what you did.”#Jos 7:19
Jonathan told him, “I tasted a little honey#1Sm 14:27 with the end of the staff I was carrying. I am ready to die!”
44Saul declared to him, “May God punish me and do so severely#1Sm 25:22 if you do not die, Jonathan!”
45But the people said to Saul, “Must Jonathan die? He accomplished such a great deliverance for Israel! No, as the Lord lives, not a hair of his head will fall to the ground,#2Sm 14:11; 1Kg 1:52; Ac 27:34 for he worked with God’s help today.”#Jn 3:21 So the people redeemed Jonathan, and he did not die. 46Then Saul gave up the pursuit of the Philistines, and the Philistines returned to their own territory.
Summary of Saul’s Kingship
47When Saul assumed the kingship over Israel, he fought against all his enemies in every direction: against Moab, the Ammonites,#1Sm 11:1–13 Edom, the kings of Zobah,#2Sm 8:3–10 and the Philistines. Wherever he turned, he caused havoc.#14:47 LXX reads he was victorious 48He fought bravely, defeated the Amalekites,#1Sm 15:3,7 and rescued Israel from those who plundered them.
49Saul’s sons#1Sm 31:2; 1Ch 10:2 were Jonathan, Ishvi, and Malchishua. The names of his two daughters were Merab,#1Sm 18:17–19 his firstborn, and Michal,#1Sm 18:20,27; 19:12; 2Sm 6:20–23 the younger. 50The name of Saul’s wife was Ahinoam daughter of Ahimaaz. The name of the commander of his army was Abner son of Saul’s uncle Ner.#2Sm 2:8 51Saul’s father was Kish.#1Sm 9:1,21 Abner’s father was Ner son of Abiel.
52The conflict with the Philistines was fierce all of Saul’s days, so whenever Saul noticed any strong or valiant man, he enlisted him.#1Sm 8:11
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1 Samuel 14: CSB
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© 2017 Holman Bible Publishers
Sh'mu'el Alef (1 Sa) 14
14
1One day Y’honatan the son of Sha’ul said to the young man carrying his armor, “Come, let’s go across to the garrison of the P’lishtim on the other side. But he didn’t tell his father. 2Sha’ul was waiting at the far edge of Giv‘ah under the pomegranate tree in Migron; the force with him numbered about 600 men. 3Achiyah the son of Achituv, I-Khavod’s brother, the son of Pinchas the son of ‘Eli, the cohen of Adonai in Shiloh, was carrying a ritual vest. No one knew that Y’honatan had gone.
4Between the passes by which Y’honatan was trying to cross to the garrison of the P’lishtim, there was a rocky spur on one side and another rocky spur on the other side; the name of the one was Botzetz, and of the other, Seneh. 5The one spur rose up on the north, in front of Mikhmas, and the other on the south, in front of Geva. 6Y’honatan said to his armor-bearer, “Come on, let’s go across to the garrison of these uncircumcised people. Maybe Adonai will do something for us, since Adonai can rescue with a few people as easily as with many.” 7His armor-bearer replied, “Do everything you think you should; I’m with you, whatever you decide.” 8Y’honatan said, “Here, we’ll cross over to those men and let them know we’re there. 9If they say, ‘Wait till we come to you,’ we’ll stand still where we are and not go up to them. 10But if they say, ‘Come up to us,’ we’ll go on up; and that will be the sign that Adonai has given us victory over them.”
11So both of them let their presence be known to the garrison of the P’lishtim; and the P’lishtim said, “Look, some Hebrews coming out of the holes they’ve been hiding in!” 12Then the men of the garrison said to Y’honatan and his armor-bearer, “Come up to us; we want to show you something.” Y’honatan told his armor-bearer, “Come on up after me, for Adonai has handed them over to Isra’el.” 13Y’honatan climbed up, using his hands as well as his feet, with his armor-bearer behind him. The P’lishtim fell before Y’honatan, and his armor-bearer following him finished them off. 14That first slaughter, of about twenty men, was accomplished by Y’honatan and his armor bearer in a space only half as long as one side of the area a pair of oxen could plow in a day [about 200 yards].
15There was panic in the field camp among all the P’lishtim; likewise, the garrison and the raiding party panicked. Besides all this, there was an earthquake; thus it grew into panic caused by God. 16Sha’ul’s men on watch in Giv‘at-Binyamin could see the enemy camp scattering and running in all directions. 17Sha’ul ordered the forces with him to call the roll and see who was missing. So they called the roll, and found Y’honatan and his armor-bearer not present. 18Sha’ul told Achiyah, “Bring the ark of God here”; for at that time the ark of God was with the people of Isra’el. 19But while Sha’ul was talking to the cohen, the uproar in the camp of the P’lishtim continued and kept getting louder. Sha’ul said to the cohen, “Put your hand down.” 20Sha’ul and the entire force with him assembled and went to battle, but they found the P’lishtim all fighting each other in utter confusion. 21The Hebrews from the surrounding countryside who had previously been with the P’lishtim and had gone up with them into the camp deserted and went over to Isra’el with Sha’ul and Y’honatan. 22Likewise, on hearing that the P’lishtim were fleeing, all the men of Isra’el who had hidden themselves in the hills of Efrayim pursued them in battle. 23So Adonai saved Isra’el that day, and the battle spread as far as Beit-Aven.
24Isra’el’s soldiers had been driven to exhaustion that day; but Sha’ul issued this warning to the people: “A curse on any man who eats any food until evening, when I will have finished taking vengeance on my enemies.” So none of the people even tasted food. 25Now the people came to a forest where there was a honeycomb on the ground. 26When the people had entered the forest, they saw there the honeycomb with honey dripping out; but no one put his hand to his mouth, because the people feared the oath. 27But Y’honatan hadn’t heard his father charging the people with the oath, so he put out the end of the staff in his hand, dipped it in the honeycomb and raised it to his mouth; whereupon his eyes lit up. 28But one of the people said in response, “Your father strictly charged the people with an oath, ‘A curse on any man who eats any food today’; even though the people are fainting with hunger.” 29Y’honatan answered, “My father has brought trouble to the land. Just look how my eyes have lit up because I tasted a little of this honey. 30How much greater would the slaughter of the P’lishtim have been today, then, if the people had eaten freely of the spoil they found with their enemies!”
31That day they had attacked the P’lishtim from Mikhmas to Ayalon; but the people were very exhausted. 32So the people rushed at the spoil, seizing sheep, cows and calves, slaughtering them on the ground, and eating the flesh with the blood. 33Sha’ul was told, “Look how the people are sinning against Adonai, eating with the blood.” He said, “You have not kept faith! Roll a big stone to me immediately! 34Now,” Sha’ul said, “go around among the people and tell them, ‘Each of you is to bring his cow and his sheep and slaughter them here. Then eat. Don’t sin against Adonai by eating with the blood.” So each person brought his animal with him that evening and killed it there. 35Sha’ul erected an altar to Adonai; it was the first altar that he erected to Adonai.
36Sha’ul said, “Let’s go after the P’lishtim by night. We’ll plunder them until dawn; we won’t leave one of them alive.” They answered, “Do whatever seems good to you.” But the cohen said, “Let’s approach God here.” 37Sha’ul consulted God: “Should I go down in pursuit of the P’lishtim? Will you hand them over to Isra’el?” But he didn’t answer him that day. 38Sha’ul said, “Come here, all you heads of the people. Think carefully: who has committed this sin today? 39For, as Adonai Isra’el’s deliverer lives, even if it proves to be Y’honatan my son, he must be put to death.” But no one among all the people answered him. 40Then he said to all Isra’el, “You be on one side, and I and Y’honatan my son will be on the other side.” The people replied to Sha’ul, “Do what seems good to you.” 41Sha’ul said to Adonai the God of Isra’el, “Who is right?” Y’honatan and Sha’ul were chosen by lot, and the people went free. 42Sha’ul said, “Cast lots between me and Y’honatan my son.” Y’honatan was chosen. 43Then Sha’ul said to Y’honatan, “Tell me what you did.” Y’honatan told him, “Yes, I tasted a little honey with the end of the staff in my hand. Here I am; I’m ready to die.” 44Sha’ul said, “May God do the same to me and more also if you are not put to death, Y’honatan!” 45But the people said to Sha’ul, “Must Y’honatan die, who has accomplished this great deliverance in Isra’el? Heaven forbid! As Adonai lives, not one hair of his head will fall to the ground; because he worked with God today!” In this way the people rescued Y’honatan, so that he didn’t die. 46Then Sha’ul stopped pursuing the P’lishtim, and the P’lishtim returned to their own territory.
47So Sha’ul took over the rulership of Isra’el. He fought against all his enemies on every side — against Mo’av, the people of ‘Amon, Edom, the kings of Tzovah and the P’lishtim. No matter which way he turned, he defeated them. 48He demonstrated his strength by attacking ‘Amalek, and he saved Isra’el from the power of those who were plundering them.
49The sons of Sha’ul were Y’honatan, Yishvi and Malkishua, while the names of his two daughters were these: the name of the older, Merav, and of the younger, Mikhal. 50Sha’ul’s wife was named Achino‘am the daughter of Achima‘atz; the commander of his army was named Avner the son of Ner, Sha’ul’s uncle. 51Kish was the father of Sha’ul, and Ner the father of Avner was the son of Avi’el.
52As long as Sha’ul lived there was bitter war against the P’lishtim. Whenever Sha’ul saw any strong or courageous man, he recruited him into his service.
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