Leviticus 27
27
Rules concerning Valuations
1Again, the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 2“Speak to the children of Israel and say to them, ‘When a man makes a #27:2 Or explicit. A man could consecrate (dedicate) himself to the Lord or he could consecrate another family member, his house, his property, his animals, his field, or other possession. The priest set an established value on the person, animal, or property and the man paid the set amount instead of transferring ownership. Consecrating someone or something to the Lord was not the same as “devoting” or “setting apart” something to the Lord (see vv 21, 28).special vow [consecrating himself or a member of his family], he shall be valued according to your [established system of] valuation of people belonging to the Lord [that is, the priest accepts from the man making the vow a specified amount of money for the temple treasury in place of the actual person]. 3If your valuation is of a male between twenty and sixty years of age, then your valuation shall be fifty shekels of silver, according to the shekel of the sanctuary. 4Or if the person is a female, then your valuation shall be thirty shekels. 5If the person is between five years and twenty years of age, then your valuation for the male shall be twenty shekels and for the female ten shekels. 6But if the child is between one month and five years of age, then your valuation shall be five shekels of silver for the male and three shekels for the female. 7If the person is sixty years old and above, your valuation shall be fifteen shekels for the male, and ten shekels for the female. 8But if the person is too poor to pay your valuation, then he shall be placed before the priest, and the priest shall value him; according to the ability of the one who vowed, the priest shall value him.
9‘Now if it is an animal of the kind which men can present as an offering to the Lord, any such that one gives to the Lord shall be holy. 10He shall not replace it or exchange it, a good for a bad, or a bad for a good; but if he does exchange an animal for an animal, then both the original offering and its substitute shall be holy. 11If it is any unclean animal of the kind which men do not present as an offering to the Lord, then he shall bring the animal before the priest, 12and the priest shall value it as either good or bad; it shall be as you, the priest, value it. 13But if he ever wishes to redeem it, then he shall add one-fifth of it to your valuation.
14‘If a man consecrates his house as sacred to the Lord, the priest shall appraise it as either good or bad; as the priest appraises it, so shall it stand. 15If the one who consecrates his house should wish to redeem it, then he shall add one-fifth of your valuation price to it, so that it may be his.
16‘And if a man consecrates to the Lord part of a field of his own property, then your valuation shall be proportionate to the seed needed for it; a homer of barley seed shall be valued at fifty shekels of silver. 17If he consecrates his field during the Year of Jubilee, it shall stand according to your valuation. 18But if he consecrates his field after the Jubilee, then the priest shall calculate the price for him in proportion to the years that remain until the Year of Jubilee; and it shall be deducted from your valuation. 19If the one who consecrates the field should ever wish to redeem it, then he shall add one-fifth of the appraisal price to it, so that it may return to him. 20If he does not redeem the field, but has sold it to another man, it may no longer be redeemed. 21When the field reverts in the Jubilee, the field shall be holy to the Lord, like a field set apart (devoted); the priest shall possess it as his property. 22Or if a man consecrates to the Lord a field which he has bought, which is not part of the field of his [ancestral] property, 23then the priest shall calculate for him the amount of your valuation up to the Year of Jubilee; and the man shall give that [amount] on that day as a holy thing to the Lord. 24In the Year of Jubilee the field shall return to the one from whom it was purchased, to whom the land belonged [as his ancestral inheritance]. 25Every valuation of yours shall be in accordance with the sanctuary shekel; twenty gerahs shall make a shekel.
26‘However, the firstborn among animals, which as a firstborn belongs to the Lord, no man may consecrate, whether an ox or a sheep. It is [already] the Lord’s. 27If it is among the unclean animals, the owner may redeem it in accordance with your valuation, and add one-fifth to it; or if it is not redeemed, then it shall be sold in accordance with your valuation.
28‘But nothing that a man #27:28 In OT times “devoting” or “setting apart” was a different and much more serious act than “consecrating” something or someone to God. The thing “devoted” belonged exclusively to God. It was an irrevocable command or vow. Anyone who kept for himself something that had been “devoted” or placed under a ban, placed himself under a sentence of death (Josh 7).sets apart [that is, devotes as an offering] to the Lord out of all that he has, of man or of animal or of the fields of his own property, shall be sold or redeemed. Anything devoted to destruction (banned, cursed) is most holy to the Lord. 29No one who may have been set apart among men shall be ransomed [from death], he shall most certainly be put to death.
30‘And all the tithe (tenth part) of the land, whether the seed of the land or the fruit of the tree, is the Lord’s; it is holy to the Lord. [1 Cor 9:11; Gal 6:6] 31If a man wishes to redeem any part of his tithe, he shall add one-fifth to it. 32For every tithe of the herd or flock, whatever #27:32 Each tenth animal was marked as it passed through a small door.passes under the [shepherd’s] staff, the tenth one shall be holy to the Lord. [2 Cor 9:7-9] 33The man is not to be concerned whether the animal is good or bad, nor shall he exchange it. But if he does exchange it, then both it and its substitute shall become holy; it shall not be redeemed.’ ”
34These are the commandments which the Lord commanded Moses on Mount Sinai for the children of Israel. [Rom 10:4; Heb 4:2; 12:18-29]
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Leviticus 27
27
Instructions About Vows
1Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 2“Speak to the Israelites,#Literally “sons/children of Israel” and say#Or “and you shall say” to them, ‘When a man makes a vow according to your#Singular when modifying “proper value” throughout the entire chapter proper value of persons to Yahweh, 3if#Or “and” your proper value is for a male#Hebrew “the male” from twenty years of age#Literally “a son of twenty years” up to#Or “and up to” sixty years of age,#Literally “a son of sixty years” then#Or “and” your proper value shall be fifty shekels of money according to the sanctuary’s shekel. 4But#Or “And” if it is for a female, then#Or “and” your proper value shall be thirty shekels. 5And if from five years of age#Literally “a son of five years” up to#Or “and up to” twenty years of age,#Literally “a son of twenty years” then#Or “and” your proper value shall be twenty shekels for the male and ten shekels for the female. 6And if from a month of age#Literally “a son of a month” up to#Or “and up to” five years of age,#Literally “a son of five years” then#Or “and” your proper value shall be five shekels of money for the male, and your proper value for the female shall be three shekels of money. 7And if from sixty years of age#Literally “a son of sixty years” and above: if a male, then#Or “and” your proper value shall be fifteen shekels; and for the female, ten shekels. 8But#Or “And” if he is poorer than your proper value, then#Or “and” he shall present himself before#Literally “to the faces of” the priest, and the priest shall set a value on him; the priest shall value him according to#Literally “on a mouth of” what the person who made a vow can afford.#Literally “his hand produces”
9“ ‘And if it is a domestic animal from which they present an offering for Yahweh, all that he gives from it for Yahweh shall be a holy object. 10He shall not replace it, nor shall he exchange it, either good with bad or bad with good; and if he indeed exchanges a domestic animal with a domestic animal, then#Or “and” it and its substitution shall be a holy object.#Literally “it shall be and its substitution shall be holy” 11But#Or “And” if it is any unclean animal from which they may not present an offering for Yahweh, then#Or “and” he shall present the animal before#Literally “to the faces of” the priest. 12And the priest shall set a value on it, either good or bad;#Literally “between good and between bad” as the priest sets your proper value, so it shall be. 13And if he indeed wants to redeem it, then#Or “and” he shall add a fifth of it onto your proper value.
14“ ‘And if a man consecrates his house as a holy object for Yahweh, then#Or “and” the priest shall set a value on it, either good or bad;#Literally “between good and between bad” just as the priest sets a value on it, so it shall remain. 15But#Or “And” if the one who consecrates it wants to redeem his house, then#Or “and” he shall add a fifth of your proper value’s money onto it, and it shall be his.
16“ ‘And if a man consecrates some of#Literally “from” his property’s fields#Collective singular; Hebrew “field” for Yahweh, then#Or “and” your proper value shall be in accordance with its seed requirements:#Literally “to the number of its seed” a homer of barley seed for fifty shekels of money. 17If he consecrates his field from the Year of Jubilee, it shall stand as your proper value. 18But#Or “And” if he consecrates his field after the Jubilee, then#Or “and” the priest shall calculate the money for him according to the number of years#Literally “on the mouth of the years” that are left over until the Year of Jubilee; and it shall be deducted from your proper value. 19And if he indeed redeems the field that is consecrated, then#Or “and” he shall add a fifth of your proper value’s money onto it, and it shall stand for#Or “remain for” or “belong to” him. 20And if he does not redeem the field and if he sells the field to another man, it may not be redeemed again, 21and the field shall be a holy object for Yahweh when it goes out#Or “is released” or “reverts” in the Jubilee, like a devoted#Or “permanently set apart”; a different Hebrew word than previously translated “consecrated” in this chapter field; it shall be the priest’s property.#Literally “to/for the priest it shall be his property”
22“ ‘And if he consecrates for Yahweh his acquired#Or “purchased” field that is not the field of his inherited possession, 23then#Or “and” the priest shall calculate for him the amount#Literally “number” of your proper value until the year of the Jubilee, and he shall give your proper value on that day as a holy object for Yahweh. 24In the Year of the Jubilee the field shall return to the one who bought it from him, to the one whose property the land is. 25And every proper value of yours shall be in the sanctuary’s shekel—the shekel shall be twenty gerahs.
26“ ‘However, a man shall not consecrate a firstborn among livestock, which belongs as firstborn to Yahweh; whether an ox or#Literally “whether” or “if” small livestock, it is for Yahweh. 27And if it is among the unclean animals, then#Or “and” he shall ransom it according to your proper value, and he shall add a fifth of its value onto it; and if it is not redeemed, then#Or “and” it shall be sold according to your proper value. 28However, anything devoted#Or “permanently set apart”; a different Hebrew word than previously translated “consecrated” in this chapter that a man has devoted to Yahweh from all that he has,#Literally “from all that is for him” from human or#Or “and” animal, or#Or “and” from the field of his property, may not be sold, and it may not be redeemed; anything devoted is a most holy thing#Literally “a holy thing of holy things” for Yahweh. 29Anyone devoted who is devoted from human beings#Literally “the human” cannot be ransomed—he shall surely be put to death.
30“ ‘And any tithe of the land from the land’s seed or from the fruit of the trees is for Yahweh; it is a holy object for Yahweh. 31And if a man indeed redeems from his tithe, he shall add a fifth of its value onto it. 32As for#Or “And” every tithe of cattle or#Or “and” of the flock,#The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals) all which crosses under the rod, the tenth shall be a holy object for Yahweh. 33He shall not inspect between the good and the bad, and he shall not exchange it; but#Or “and” if he indeed exchanges it, then#Or “and” it and its substitution shall be#Literally “it shall be and its substitution shall be” a holy object—it shall not be redeemed.’ ”
34These are the commands that Yahweh commanded Moses for the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” on Mount Sinai.#Literally “the mountain of Sinai”
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