Leviticus 23
23
Laws of Religious Festivals
1The Lord spoke again to Moses, saying, 2“Speak to the children of Israel and say to them, ‘The appointed times (established feasts) of the Lord which you shall proclaim as holy convocations—My appointed times are these:
The Sabbath
3‘For six days work may be done, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of complete rest, a holy convocation (calling together). You shall not do any work [on that day]; it is the Sabbath of the Lord #23:3 Lit in all your dwellings and so throughout the chapter.wherever you may be.
The Passover and Unleavened Bread
4‘These are the appointed times of the Lord, holy convocations which you shall proclaim at their appointed times: 5The Lord’s Passover is on the fourteenth day of the first month #23:5 Lit between the two evenings.at twilight. 6The Feast of Unleavened Bread to the Lord is on the fifteenth day of the same month; for seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. [1 Cor 5:7, 8] 7On the first day you shall have a holy convocation (calling together); you shall not do any laborious work [on that day]. 8But you shall present an offering by fire to the Lord for seven days; on the seventh day there shall be a holy convocation; you shall not do any laborious work [on that day].’ ”
The Feast of First Fruits
9Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 10“Speak to the children of Israel and say to them, ‘When you enter the land which I am giving you and reap its harvest, you shall bring the #23:10 I.e. a tied bundle of stalks of freshly harvested grain.sheaf of the first fruits of your harvest to the priest. 11He shall wave the sheaf before the Lord so that you may be accepted; the priest shall wave it on the day after the Sabbath. 12Now on the day when you wave the sheaf you shall offer a male lamb one year old without blemish as a burnt offering to the Lord. 13Its grain offering shall be two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with [olive] oil, an offering by fire to the Lord for a sweet and soothing aroma, with its drink offering [to be poured out], a fourth of a #23:13 I.e. approx one gal.hin of wine. 14You shall not eat any bread or roasted grain or new growth, until this same day when you bring in the offering to your God; it is a permanent statute throughout your generations wherever you may be.
The Feast of Weeks
15‘You shall count from the day after the Sabbath, from the day when you brought in the sheaf (tied bundle of grain) of the wave offering; there shall be seven complete Sabbaths (seven full weeks). 16You shall count #23:16 This is the origin of the name “Pentecost,” Greek for “fiftieth.”fifty days to the day after the seventh Sabbath; then you shall present a new grain offering to the Lord. 17You shall bring in from your places two loaves of bread as a wave offering, made from two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour; they shall be baked with leaven as first fruits to the Lord. 18And you shall offer with the bread seven unblemished lambs, one year old, and one young bull and two rams. They are to be a burnt offering to the Lord, with their grain offering and their drink offerings. It is an offering by fire, a sweet and soothing aroma to the Lord. 19And you shall sacrifice one male goat as a sin offering and two male lambs, one year old as a sacrifice of peace offerings. 20The priest shall wave them before the Lord as a wave offering, together with the bread of the first fruits and the two lambs. They are to be holy to the Lord for the priest. 21On this same day you shall make a proclamation, you are to have a holy convocation (calling together); you shall not do any laborious work [on that day]. It is to be a permanent statute throughout your generations wherever you may be.
22‘When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap to the edges of your field, nor gather the gleaning of your harvest; you are to leave them for the poor and for the stranger. I am the Lord your God.’ ”
The Feast of Trumpets
23Again the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 24“Say to the children of Israel, ‘On the first day of the seventh month (almost October), you shall observe a day of solemn sabbatical rest, a memorial day announced by the blowing of trumpets, a holy convocation. 25You shall not do any laborious work [on that day], but you shall present an offering by fire to the Lord.’ ”
The Day of Atonement
26The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 27“Also the tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement; it shall be a holy convocation for you, and you shall #23:27 See note 16:29.humble yourselves [by fasting] and present an offering by fire to the Lord. 28You shall not do any work on this same day, for it is the Day of Atonement, to make atonement on your behalf before the Lord your God. 29If there is any person who will not humble himself on this same day, he shall be cut off from his people [excluding him from the atonement made for them]. 30If there is any person who does any work on this same day, I will destroy that person from among his people. 31You shall do no work at all [on that day]. It is a permanent statute throughout your generations wherever you may be. 32It is to be to you a Sabbath of complete rest, and you shall humble yourselves. On the ninth day of the month at evening, from evening to evening you shall keep your Sabbath.”
The Feast of Booths
33Again the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 34“Say to the children of Israel, ‘On the fifteenth day of this seventh month, and for seven days, is the Feast of Booths (Tabernacles) to the Lord. 35The first day is a holy convocation (calling together); you shall not do any laborious work [on that day]. 36For seven days you shall present an offering by fire to the Lord. On the eighth day you shall have a holy convocation and present an offering by fire to the Lord. It is a festive assembly; you shall not do any laborious work [on that day].
37‘These are the appointed times (established feasts) of the Lord, which you shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to present an offering by fire to the Lord, a burnt offering and a grain offering, sacrifices and drink offerings, each on its own day. 38This is in addition to the [weekly] Sabbaths of the Lord, and in addition to your gifts and all your vowed offerings and all your freewill offerings, which you give to the Lord.
39‘On exactly the fifteenth day of the seventh month (nearly October), when you have gathered in the crops of the land, you shall celebrate the feast of the Lord for seven days, with a Sabbath rest on the first day and a Sabbath rest on the eighth day. 40Now on the first day you shall take for yourselves the foliage of beautiful trees, branches of palm trees, and boughs of thick (leafy) trees, and willows of the brook [and make booths of them]; and you shall rejoice before the Lord your God for seven days. 41You shall celebrate it as a feast to the Lord for seven days in the year. It shall be a permanent statute throughout your generations; you shall celebrate it in the seventh month. 42You shall live in booths (temporary shelters) for seven days; all native-born in Israel shall live in booths, 43so that your generations may know that I had the sons of Israel live in booths when I brought them out of the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God.’ ” 44So Moses declared to the Israelites the appointed feasts of the Lord.
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Leviticus 23
23
Yahweh’s Feasts
1Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 2“Speak to the Israelites,#Literally “sons/children of Israel” and say to them, ‘The festivals of Yahweh that you shall proclaim are holy assemblies; these are my appointed times.
Yahweh’s Sabbath
3“ ‘For six days work is to be done, and on the seventh day shall be a Sabbath of complete rest,#Literally “a Sabbath of ‘Sabbathation.’ ” “Sabbathation” is not a real word, but it is devised as an attempt to convey the sounds of the related nouns in the Hebrew phrase a holy assembly; you shall not do any work; it shall be a Sabbath for Yahweh in all your dwellings.
The Passover
4“ ‘These are Yahweh’s appointed times, holy assemblies, which you shall proclaim at#Or “on” their appointed time. 5In the first month, on the fourteenth of the month at the evening is Yahweh’s Passover. 6And on the fifteenth day of this month is Yahweh’s Feast of Unleavened Bread; for seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. 7On the first day there shall be a holy assembly for you; you shall not do any regular work.#Literally “all work of labor” 8And you shall present an offering for Yahweh made by fire for seven days; on the seventh day there shall be a holy assembly; you shall not do any regular work.’ ”#Literally “all work of labor”
The Feast of Firstfruits
9Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 10“Speak to the Israelites,#Literally “sons/children of Israel” and say to them, ‘When you come to the land that I am about to give to you and you reap its harvest, then#Or “and” you shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruit of your harvest to the priest. 11And he shall wave the sheaf before#Literally “to the faces of” Yahweh for your acceptance; the priest shall wave it on the day after#Literally “from the next day of” the Sabbath. 12And on the day of your waving the sheaf you shall offer#Or “sacrifice”; literally “do” or “make” a yearling#Literally “a son of its year” male lamb without defect as a burnt offering to Yahweh. 13And its grain offering shall be two-tenths of an ephah#Supplied by context of finely milled flour mixed with oil, an offering made by fire for Yahweh, an appeasing fragrance; and its libation shall be a fourth of a hin#Hebrew “the hin” of wine. 14And you shall not eat bread or#Or “and” roasted grain or#Or “and” ripe grain until this very same day,#Literally “the exactly of this day” until you present your God’s offering. This must be a lasting statute#Literally “a statute of eternity” or “a statute of long duration” for your generations in all your dwellings.
The Feast of Weeks
15“ ‘And you shall count for yourselves from the day after#Literally “from the next day of” the Sabbath, from the day of your bringing the wave offering’s sheaf—there shall be seven full weeks. 16Until the day after#Literally “from the next day of” the seventh Sabbath you shall count fifty days; then#Or “and” you shall present a new grain offering for Yahweh. 17You shall bring from your dwellings for a wave offering two loaves of bread made with#Literally “they shall be” two-tenths of an ephah#Supplied by context of finely milled flour; they must be baked with leaven—the firstfruits belonging to#Literally “to” Yahweh. 18And, in addition to the bread, you shall present seven yearling#Literally “a son of its year” male lambs without defects and one young bull#Literally “a bull a son of cattle” and two rams—they shall be a burnt offering for Yahweh with#Or “and” their grain offering and their libations, an offering made by fire, an appeasing fragrance for Yahweh. 19And you shall offer#Or “sacrifice”; literally “do” or “make” one he-goat as a sin offering and two yearling#Literally “a son of its year” male lambs as a sacrifice of fellowship offerings. 20And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits as a wave offering before#Literally “to the faces of” Yahweh; in addition to the two male lambs, they shall be holy for Yahweh for the priest. 21And you shall make a proclamation#Literally “you shall proclaim” on this very same day;#Literally “the exactly of this day” it shall be a holy assembly for you; you shall not do any regular work;#Literally “all work of labor” this is a lasting statute#Literally “a statute of eternity” or “a statute of long duration” in all your dwellings throughout#Or “for” your generations. 22And when you#Plural reap the harvest of your#Plural land, you#Singular must not finish the edge of your#Singular field at your reaping, and you#Singular must not glean the remnants of your#Singular harvest—you#Singular shall leave them behind for the needy and for the alien; I am Yahweh your#Plural God.’ ”
The Feast of Trumpets
23Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 24“Speak to the Israelites,#Literally “sons/children of Israel” saying, ‘In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you must have#Literally “it must be for yourselves” a rest period, a remembrance of the trumpet blast, a holy assembly. 25You must not do any regular work,#Literally “all work of labor” and you shall present an offering made by fire to Yahweh.’ ”
The Day of Atonement
26Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 27“Surely the Day of Atonement is on the tenth day of the seventh month; it shall be a holy assembly for you, and you shall deny yourselves, and you shall present an offering made by fire to Yahweh. 28And you must not do any regular work#Literally “all work of labor” on this very same day,#Literally “the exactly of this day” because it is the Day of Atonement to make atonement for you before#Literally “to the faces of” Yahweh your God. 29If there is any person who does not deny himself on this very same day,#Literally “the exactly of this day” then#Or “and” he shall be cut off from his people. 30As for#Or “And” any person who does any work on this very same day,#Literally “the exactly of this day” I will exterminate that person from the midst of his people. 31You must not do any work; it is a lasting statute#Literally “a statute of eternity” or “a statute of long duration” throughout your generations in all your dwellings. 32It is a Sabbath of complete rest#Literally “a Sabbath of ‘Sabbathation.’ ” “Sabbathation” is not a real word, but it is devised as an attempt to convey the sounds of the related nouns in the Hebrew phrase for you, and you shall deny yourselves on the ninth day of the month in the evening—from evening to evening you must observe your extraordinary#Supplied from the immediate context within this verse Sabbath.”
The Feast of Booths
33Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 34“Speak to the Israelites,#Literally “sons/children of Israel” saying, ‘On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, this shall be the Feast of Booths for seven days for Yahweh. 35On the first day there shall be a holy assembly; you must not do any regular work.#Literally “work of labor” 36For seven days you must present an offering made by fire to Yahweh. On the eighth day it shall be a holy assembly for you, and you shall present an offering made by fire to Yahweh; it is a celebration; you must not do any regular work.#Literally “all work of labor”
Summary
37“ ‘These are Yahweh’s festivals, which you must proclaim, holy assemblies to present an offering made by fire to Yahweh—burnt offering and grain offering, sacrifice and libations, each on its proper day#Literally “a thing of a day on its day”— 38besides#Literally “from to alone” Yahweh’s Sabbaths and besides#Literally “from to alone” your gifts and besides#Literally “from to alone” your vows and besides#Literally “from to alone” all your freewill offerings that you give to Yahweh.
39“ ‘Surely on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, at your gathering the land’s produce, you shall hold Yahweh’s festival for seven days; on the first day there shall be a rest period and on the eighth day a rest period. 40And on the first day you shall take for yourselves the first fruit of majestic trees, branches of palm trees and branches#Collective singular of a leafy tree and of a brook’s poplar trees, and you shall rejoice before#Literally “to the faces of” Yahweh your God for seven days. 41And you must hold it as a festival for Yahweh for seven days in the year; it shall be a lasting statute#Literally “a statute of eternity” or “a statute of long duration” throughout your generations; in the seventh month you must hold it. 42You must live in the booths for seven days; all the natives in Israel must live in the booths, 43so that your generations shall know that I made the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” live in booths when I brought them from the land of Egypt; I am Yahweh your God.’ ”
44Thus#Or “And” Moses announced to the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” Yahweh’s appointed times.
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