Leviticus 19
19
1And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying, 2Speak unto all the congregation of the children of Israel, and say unto them, Ye shall be holy; for I Jehovah your God am holy. 3Ye shall fear every man his mother, and his father; and ye shall keep my sabbaths: I am Jehovah your God. 4Turn ye not unto idols, nor make to yourselves molten gods: I am Jehovah your God.
5And when ye offer a sacrifice of peace-offerings unto Jehovah, ye shall offer it that ye may be accepted. 6It shall be eaten the same day ye offer it, and on the morrow: and if aught remain until the third day, it shall be burnt with fire. 7And if it be eaten at all on the third day, it is an abomination; it shall not be accepted: 8but every one that eateth it shall bear his iniquity, because he hath profaned the holy thing of Jehovah: and that soul shall be cut off from his people.
9And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field, neither shalt thou gather the gleaning of thy harvest. 10And thou shalt not glean thy vineyard, neither shalt thou gather the fallen fruit of thy vineyard; thou shalt leave them for the poor and for the sojourner: I am Jehovah your God.
11Ye shall not steal; neither shall ye deal falsely, nor lie one to another. 12And ye shall not swear by my name falsely, and profane the name of thy God: I am Jehovah.
13Thou shalt not oppress thy neighbor, nor rob him: the wages of a hired servant shall not abide with thee all night until the morning. 14Thou shalt not curse the deaf, nor put a stumblingblock before the blind; but thou shalt fear thy God: I am Jehovah.
15Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment: thou shalt not respect the person of the poor, nor honor the person of the mighty; but in righteousness shalt thou judge thy neighbor. 16Thou shalt not go up and down as a talebearer among thy people: neither shalt thou stand against the blood of thy neighbor: I am Jehovah.
17Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thy heart: thou shalt surely rebuke thy neighbor, and not bear sin because of him. 18Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people; but thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself: I am Jehovah.
19Ye shall keep my statutes. Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind: thou shalt not sow thy field with two kinds of seed: neither shall there come upon thee a garment of two kinds of stuff mingled together. 20And whosoever lieth carnally with a woman, that is a bondmaid, betrothed to a husband, and not at all redeemed, nor freedom given her; they shall be punished; they shall not be put to death, because she was not free. 21And he shall bring his trespass-offering unto Jehovah, unto the door of the tent of meeting, even a ram for a trespass-offering. 22And the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the trespass-offering before Jehovah for his sin which he hath sinned: and the sin which he hath sinned shall be forgiven him.
23And when ye shall come into the land, and shall have planted all manner of trees for food, then ye shall count the fruit thereof as their uncircumcision: three years shall they be as uncircumcised unto you; it shall not be eaten. 24But in the fourth year all the fruit thereof shall be holy, for giving praise unto Jehovah. 25And in the fifth year shall ye eat of the fruit thereof, that it may yield unto you the increase thereof: I am Jehovah your God.
26Ye shall not eat anything with the blood: neither shall ye use enchantments, nor practise augury. 27Ye shall not round the corners of your heads, neither shalt thou mar the corners of thy beard. 28Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you: I am Jehovah.
29Profane not thy daughter, to make her a harlot; lest the land fall to whoredom, and the land become full of wickedness. 30Ye shall keep my sabbaths, and reverence my sanctuary: I am Jehovah.
31Turn ye not unto them that have familiar spirits, nor unto the wizards; seek them not out, to be defiled by them: I am Jehovah your God.
32Thou shalt rise up before the hoary head, and honor the face of the old man, and thou shalt fear thy God: I am Jehovah.
33And if a stranger sojourn with thee in your land, ye shall not do him wrong. 34The stranger that sojourneth with you shall be unto you as the home-born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were sojourners in the land of Egypt: I am Jehovah your God.
35Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in measures of length, of weight, or of quantity. 36Just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin, shall ye have: I am Jehovah your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt. 37And ye shall observe all my statutes, and all mine ordinances, and do them: I am Jehovah.
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Leviticus 19: ASV
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Leviticus 19
19
Various Rules of Conduct. 1The Lord said to Moses: 2Speak to the whole Israelite community and tell them: Be holy, for I, the Lord your God, am holy.#Be holy, for I…am holy: in the writings commonly attributed to the Priestly collection, Israel is called to be holy through obeying God’s precepts (11:44–45; 20:7–8, 24–26; Nm 15:40–41). Cf. Dt 14:2, 21; 26:19; and Ex 19:6. #Lv 11:44. 3#Cf. the Decalogue laws on revering parents (Ex 20:12; Dt 5:16), keeping sabbaths (Ex 20:8–11; Dt 5:12–15), and not making or worshiping idols (Ex 20:2–6; Dt 5:7–10). Each of you revere your mother and father,#Lv 20:9; Ex 20:12. and keep my sabbaths.#Lv 23:3. I, the Lord, am your God.
4Do not turn aside to idols, nor make molten gods for yourselves.#Lv 26:1; Ex 20:3–5; 34:17; Dt 5:8; 27:15. I, the Lord, am your God.
5When you sacrifice your communion sacrifice to the Lord, you shall sacrifice it so that it is acceptable on your behalf. 6It must be eaten on the day of your sacrifice or on the following day. Whatever is left over until the third day shall be burned in fire. 7If any of it is eaten on the third day, it will be a desecrated offering and not be accepted;#Lv 7:15–18. 8whoever eats of it then shall bear the penalty for having profaned what is sacred to the Lord. Such a one shall be cut off#Lv 7:20. from the people.
9#The Israelites maintain the poor in part by letting them gather unharvested portions of fields and vineyards. Cf. 23:22; Ru 2:1–10. When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not be so thorough that you reap the field to its very edge, nor shall you gather the gleanings of your harvest.#Lv 23:22; Dt 24:19–22. 10Likewise, you shall not pick your vineyard bare, nor gather up the grapes that have fallen. These things you shall leave for the poor and the alien. I, the Lord, am your God.
11#Cf. the Decalogue commandments against stealing (Ex 20:15; Dt 5:19), wrongly using God’s name (Ex 20:7; Dt 5:11), and swearing falsely against another (Ex 20:16; Dt 5:20). You shall not steal. You shall not deceive or speak falsely to one another.#Ex 20:15–16. 12You shall not swear falsely by my name, thus profaning the name of your God.#Ex 20:7; Mt 5:33–37. I am the Lord.
13You shall not exploit your neighbor. You shall not commit robbery. You shall not withhold overnight the wages of your laborer.#Dt 24:14–15. 14#In Dt 27:18 a curse falls on the head of the one who misleads the blind. You shall not insult the deaf, or put a stumbling block in front of the blind, but you shall fear your God. I am the Lord.
15You shall not act dishonestly in rendering judgment. Show neither partiality to the weak nor deference to the mighty, but judge your neighbor justly.#Ex 23:2–3; Dt 1:17; 16:19; Ps 82:2; Prv 24:23. 16You shall not go about spreading slander among your people; nor shall you stand by idly when your neighbor’s life is at stake. I am the Lord.
17#These verses form a unit and describe different attitudes and actions towards one’s fellow Israelites. A separate passage is necessary to advise a similar attitude toward aliens (vv. 33–34). Cf. 25:39–46. The admonition at the end of v. 18 came to be viewed in Judaism and Christianity as one of the central commandments. (See Mt 22:34–40; Mk 12:28–34; Lk 10:25–28; cf. Mt 19:19; Rom 13:8–10; Gal 5:14). The New Testament urges love for enemies as well as neighbors (Mt 5:43–48; Lk 6:27–36; cf. Prv 25:21–22). You shall not hate any of your kindred in your heart. Reprove your neighbor openly so that you do not incur sin because of that person.#Mt 18:15; Lk 17:3; Gal 6:1. 18Take no revenge and cherish no grudge against your own people. You shall love your neighbor as yourself. I am the Lord.#Mt 5:43; 19:19; 22:39; Mk 12:31; Rom 13:9; Gal 5:14; Jas 2:8; 1 Jn 3:14.
19#One reason why mixtures are prohibited seems to be that they are holy (see Dt 22:9, 10–11). Israelites are allowed mixtures in the wearing of fringes on the edges or corners of their clothing (Nm 15:37–41; Dt 22:12). Some mixtures are considered abominations (cf. Lv 18:23; Dt 22:5). Keep my statutes: do not breed any of your domestic animals with others of a different species; do not sow a field of yours with two different kinds of seed; and do not put on a garment woven with two different kinds of thread.#Dt 22:9–12.
20#On adultery, see note on 18:20. Here it is not adultery in the technical sense since the woman is not free. A reparation offering is required as a penalty (see 5:14–26). #Dt 22:22–29. If a man has sexual relations with a female slave who has been acquired by another man but has not yet been redeemed or given her freedom, an investigation shall be made. They shall not be put to death, because she has not been freed. 21The man shall bring to the entrance of the tent of meeting as his reparation to the Lord a ram as a reparation offering.#Lv 5:14–26. 22With the ram of the reparation offering the priest shall make atonement before the Lord for the wrong the man has committed, so that he will be forgiven for the wrong he has committed.
23When you come into the land and plant any fruit tree there,#Dt 20:19–20. first look upon its fruit as if it were uncircumcised. For three years, it shall be uncircumcised for you; it may not be eaten. 24In the fourth year, however, all of its fruit shall be dedicated to the Lord in joyous celebration. 25Not until the fifth year may you eat its fruit, to increase the yield for you. I, the Lord, am your God.
26Do not eat anything with the blood still in it.#Lv 17:10. Do not recite charms or practice soothsaying.#Recite charms…soothsaying: methods of divination (cf. Gn 44:5, 15; Is 2:6; Ez 21:26–28). Legitimate means of learning the future or God’s will were through the Urim and Thummim stones (see Lv 8:8), lots (see Lv 16:8) and prophets (cf. Dt 18:9–22; 1 Sm 28:6–7). #Dt 18:10; 2 Kgs 17:17; 21:6; 2 Chr 33:6. 27Do not clip your hair at the temples, nor spoil the edges of your beard. 28Do not lacerate your bodies for the dead, and do not tattoo yourselves.#Do not tattoo yourselves: see note on Gn 4:15. This prohibition probably refers only to the common ancient Near Eastern practice of branding a slave with its owner’s name as well as branding the devotees of a god with its name. #Lv 21:5. I am the Lord.
29You shall not degrade your daughter by making a prostitute of her;#Lv 21:7, 14. otherwise the land will prostitute itself and become full of lewdness. 30Keep my sabbaths, and reverence my sanctuary.#Lv 19:3. I am the Lord.
31Do not turn to ghosts or consult spirits, by which you will be defiled.#Lv 20:6, 27; Dt 18:11; Is 8:19. I, the Lord, am your God.
32Stand up in the presence of the aged, show respect for the old, and fear your God. I am the Lord.
33When an alien resides with you in your land, do not mistreat such a one.#Ex 22:20; 23:9; Jer 22:3; Mal 3:5. 34You shall treat the alien who resides with you no differently than the natives born among you; you shall love the alien as yourself; for you too were once aliens in the land of Egypt.#Dt 10:19. I, the Lord, am your God.
35Do not act dishonestly in using measures of length or weight or capacity. 36You shall have a true scale and true weights, an honest ephah and an honest hin.#Ephah: see note on Is 5:10; hin: see note on Ez 45:24. #Dt 25:13–16; Prv 16:11; Am 8:5; Mi 6:10–11. I, the Lord, am your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt. 37Be careful, then, to observe all my statutes and decrees. I am the Lord.
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