John 19
19
The Soldiers Mock Jesus
1So then #Matt. 20:19; 27:26; Mark 15:15; Luke 18:33Pilate took Jesus and scourged Him. 2And the soldiers twisted a crown of thorns and put it on His head, and they put on Him a purple robe. 3Then they said, “Hail, King of the Jews!” And they #Is. 50:6struck Him with their hands.
4Pilate then went out again, and said to them, “Behold, I am bringing Him out to you, #Is. 53:9; John 18:33, 38; 1 Pet. 2:22–24that you may know that I find no fault in Him.”
Pilate’s Decision
5Then Jesus came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe. And Pilate said to them, “Behold the Man!”
6#Acts 3:13Therefore, when the chief priests and officers saw Him, they cried out, saying, “Crucify Him, crucify Him!”
Pilate said to them, “You take Him and crucify Him, for I find no fault in Him.”
7The Jews answered him, #Lev. 24:16“We have a law, and according to our law He ought to die, because #Matt. 26:63–66; John 5:18; 10:33He made Himself the Son of God.”
8Therefore, when Pilate heard that saying, he was the more afraid, 9and went again into the Praetorium, and said to Jesus, “Where are You from?” #Is. 53:7; Matt. 27:12, 14; Luke 23:9But Jesus gave him no answer.
10Then Pilate said to Him, “Are You not speaking to me? Do You not know that I have power to crucify You, and power to release You?”
11Jesus answered, #(Luke 22:53); John 7:30“You could have no power at all against Me unless it had been given you from above. Therefore #John 3:27; Rom. 13:1the one who delivered Me to you has the greater sin.”
12From then on Pilate sought to release Him, but the Jews cried out, saying, “If you let this Man go, you are not Caesar’s friend. #Luke 23:2; John 18:33; Acts 17:7Whoever makes himself a king speaks against Caesar.”
13#Deut. 1:17; 1 Sam. 15:24; Prov. 29:25; Is. 51:12; Acts 4:19When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus out and sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called The Pavement, but in Hebrew, Gabbatha. 14Now #Matt. 27:62; John 19:31, 42it was the Preparation Day of the Passover, and about the sixth hour. And he said to the Jews, “Behold your King!”
15But they cried out, “Away with Him, away with Him! Crucify Him!”
Pilate said to them, “Shall I crucify your King?”
The chief priests answered, #(Gen. 49:10)“We have no king but Caesar!”
16#Matt. 27:26, 31; Mark 15:15; Luke 23:24Then he delivered Him to them to be crucified. So they took Jesus and led Him away.
The King on a Cross
17#Matt. 27:31, 33; Mark 15:21, 22; Luke 23:26, 33And He, bearing His cross, #Num. 15:36; Heb. 13:12went out to a place called the Place of a Skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha, 18where they crucified Him, and #Ps. 22:16–18; Is. 53:12; Matt. 20:19; 26:2two others with Him, one on either side, and Jesus in the center. 19#Matt. 27:37; Mark 15:26; Luke 23:38Now Pilate wrote a title and put it on the cross. And the writing was:
JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS.
20Then many of the Jews read this title, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin.
21Therefore the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but, ‘He said, “I am the King of the Jews.” ’ ”
22Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.”
23#Matt. 27:35; Mark 15:24; Luke 23:34Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took His garments and made four parts, to each soldier a part, and also the tunic. Now the tunic was without seam, woven from the top in one piece. 24They said therefore among themselves, “Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be,” that the Scripture might be fulfilled which says:
#Ps. 22:18“They divided My garments among them,
And for My clothing they cast lots.”
Therefore the soldiers did these things.
Behold Your Mother
25#Matt. 27:55; Mark 15:40; Luke 2:35; 23:49Now there stood by the cross of Jesus His mother, and His mother’s sister, Mary the wife of #Luke 24:18Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. 26When Jesus therefore saw His mother, and #John 13:23; 20:2; 21:7, 20, 24the disciple whom He loved standing by, He said to His mother, #John 2:4“Woman, behold your son!” 27Then He said to the disciple, “Behold your mother!” And from that hour that disciple took her #Luke 18:28; John 1:11; 16:32; Acts 21:6to his own home.
It Is Finished
28After this, Jesus, knowing that all things were now accomplished, #Ps. 22:15that the Scripture might be fulfilled, said, “I thirst!” 29Now a vessel full of sour wine was sitting there; and #Ps. 69:21; Matt. 27:48, 50; Mark 15:36; Luke 23:36they filled a sponge with sour wine, put it on hyssop, and put it to His mouth. 30So when Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, #Dan. 9:26; Zech. 11:10, 11; John 17:4“It is finished!” And bowing His head, He gave up His spirit.
Jesus’ Side Is Pierced
31#Matt. 27:62; Mark 15:42; Luke 23:54Therefore, because it was the Preparation Day, #Deut. 21:23; Josh. 8:29; 10:26that the bodies should not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a #Ex. 12:16; Lev. 23:6, 7high day), the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away. 32Then the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first and of the other who was crucified with Him. 33But when they came to Jesus and saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs. 34But one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately #(1 John 5:6, 8)blood and water came out. 35And he who has seen has testified, and his testimony is #John 21:24true; and he knows that he is telling the truth, so that you may #(John 20:31)believe. 36For these things were done that the Scripture should be fulfilled, #(Ex. 12:46; Num. 9:12); Ps. 34:20“Not one of His bones shall be broken.” 37And again another Scripture says, #Ps. 22:16, 17; Zech. 12:10; 13:6; Rev. 1:7“They shall look on Him whom they pierced.”
Jesus Buried in Joseph’s Tomb
38#Matt. 27:57–61; Mark 15:42–47; Luke 23:50–56After this, Joseph of Arimathea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly, #(John 7:13; 9:22; 12:42)for fear of the Jews, asked Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus; and Pilate gave him permission. So he came and took the body of Jesus. 39And #John 3:1, 2; 7:50Nicodemus, who at first came to Jesus by night, also came, bringing a mixture of #Ps. 45:8; Prov. 7:17; Song 4:14; Matt. 2:11myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pounds. 40Then they took the body of Jesus, and #Luke 24:12; John 20:5, 7; Acts 5:6bound it in strips of linen with the spices, as the custom of the Jews is to bury. 41Now in the place where He was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb in which no one had yet been laid. 42So #Is. 53:9; Matt. 26:12; Mark 14:8there they laid Jesus, #John 19:14, 31because of the Jews’ Preparation Day, for the tomb was nearby.
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John 19: NKJV
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The Holy Bible, New King James Version, Copyright © 1982 Thomas Nelson. All rights reserved.
John 19
19
The Crown of Thorns
1So then Pilate took Jesus and had Him #19:1 Because Pilate viewed Jesus as innocent, he may have ordered the beating expecting that the Jews would consider it adequate punishment and consent to Jesus’ release. Scourging was a horrific, brutal form of punishment. The glass and metal of the whip tore the body apart, exposing the vital organs. Men frequently died of the scourging.scourged (flogged, whipped). 2And the soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns and put it on His head, and put a purple robe around Him; [Matt 27:27-30; Mark 15:16-19] 3and they kept coming up to Him, saying [mockingly], “Hail, King of the Jews [Good health! Peace! Long life to you, King of the Jews]!” And they slapped Him in the face. [Is 53:3, 5, 7] 4Then Pilate came out again and said to them, “Look, I am bringing Him out to you so that you may know that I find no guilt in Him [no crime, no cause for an accusation].” 5So Jesus came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe, and Pilate said to them, “Look! The Man!” 6When the chief priests and officers saw Him, they shouted, “Crucify [Him]! Crucify [Him]!” Pilate said to them, “Take Him yourselves and crucify Him, for I find no guilt in Him [no crime, no cause for an accusation].” [Luke 23:4, 14, 22; John 18:38; 19:4] 7The Jews answered him, “We have a law [regarding blasphemy], and according to that law He should die, because He made Himself out to be the Son of God.” [Lev 24:16]
8So when Pilate heard this said, he was [even] more #19:8 As a Roman pagan, Pilate would have been superstitious and may have feared that Jesus actually had some sort of magical or divine power.alarmed and afraid. 9He went into the Praetorium again and said to Jesus, “Where are You from?” But Jesus did not answer him. [Is 53:7] 10So Pilate said to Him, “You do not speak to me? Do You not know that I have authority to release You, and I have authority to crucify You?” 11Jesus answered, “You would have no authority over Me at all if it had not been given to you from above. For this reason the sin and guilt of the #19:11 This may refer to Judas Iscariot, but Caiaphas may be the more likely one since he was directly responsible for Jesus’ going before Pilate.one who handed Me over to you is greater [than your own].” 12As a result of this, Pilate kept making efforts to release Him, but the Jews kept screaming, “#19:12 This put political pressure on Pilate. The Jews indicated if Pilate released Jesus they would inform Rome and Pilate’s career would be in jeopardy.If you release this Man, you are no friend of Caesar! Anyone who makes himself out [to be] a king opposes Caesar [and rebels against the emperor]!”
13When Pilate heard this, he brought Jesus out, and sat down on the judgment seat at a place called #19:13 Gr The Lithostrotos, i.e. the Mosaic Pavement, the Stone Platform.The Pavement, but in #19:13 I.e. Jewish Aramaic.Hebrew, Gabbatha. 14Now it was the day of Preparation for the #19:14 See note 18:28.Passover [week], and it was about the sixth hour (noon). He said to the Jews, “Look, your King!” 15But they shouted, “Away with Him, away with Him, crucify Him!” Pilate said to them, “Shall I crucify your King?” The chief priests answered, “We have no king but Caesar!”
The Crucifixion
16Then he handed Him over to them to be crucified.
17So they took Jesus, and He went out, #19:17 The vertical post remained permanently in the ground. Jesus carried the cross beam.bearing His own cross, to the place called #19:17 Latin: Calvarius or Calvary; Aram: Golgotha; Greek: Kranion.the Place of the Skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha. [Matt 27:33-44; Mark 15:22-32; Luke 23:33-43] 18There they crucified Him, and with Him two others, one on either side, and Jesus between them. [Is 53:12] 19Pilate also wrote an inscription [on a placard] and put it on the cross. And it was written: “JESUS THE NAZARENE, THE KING OF THE JEWS.” [Matt 27:33-44; Mark 15:22-32; Luke 23:33-43] 20And many of the Jews read this inscription, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, in Latin, and in Greek. 21Then the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews’; but, ‘He said, “I am King of the Jews.” ’ ” 22Pilate replied, “What I have written I have written [and it remains written].”
23Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took His outer clothes and made four parts, a part for each soldier, and also the tunic. But the #19:23 Gr khiton, the long shirtlike undergarment worn next to the skin.tunic was seamless, woven [in one piece] from the top throughout. [Matt 27:35; Mark 15:24; Luke 23:34] 24So they said to one another, “Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it, to decide whose it will be.” This was to fulfill the Scripture, “They divided My outer clothing among them, and for My clothing they cast lots.” [Ps 22:18] 25So the soldiers did these things.
But standing by the cross of Jesus were His mother, His mother’s sister [#19:25 The mother of the apostles John and James, the sons of Zebedee.Salome], #19:25 The mother of James the Younger (also called James the Less). Believed to be a sister or sister-in-law of Jesus’ mother.Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. [Mark 15:40] 26So Jesus, seeing His mother, and the #19:26 John, the Apostle and author of this Gospel was Jesus’ cousin.disciple whom He loved (esteemed) standing near, said to His mother, “[Dear] woman, look, [here is] your son!” 27Then He said to the disciple (John), “Look! [here is] your mother [protect and provide for her]!” From that hour the disciple took her into his own home.
28After this, Jesus, knowing that all was now finished, said in fulfillment of the Scripture, “I am thirsty.” [Ps 69:21] 29A jar full of #19:29 This sour wine was not to dull the senses, but to provide minimal relief to the victim. The wine mixed with gall (myrrh) that Jesus earlier had refused to drink (Matt 27:34; Mark 15:23) had narcotic qualities to deaden the pain.sour wine was placed there; so they put a sponge soaked in the sour wine on [a branch of] hyssop and held it to His mouth. [Matt 27:48, 50; Mark 15:36f; Luke 23:36] 30When Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, “It is finished!” And He bowed His head and [voluntarily] #19:30 This wording implies that Jesus voluntarily and sovereignly released His spirit from His body in submission to God’s plan.gave up His spirit.
Care of the Body of Jesus
31Since it was the day of Preparation [for the Sabbath], in order to prevent the bodies from hanging on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high holy day) the Jews asked Pilate to have their legs #19:31 After the legs were broken with a heavy blow, the condemned prisoner could no longer push upwards to assist his own breathing and would soon suffocate due to the awkward position that was forced on him by crucifixion. At the same time, breaking the legs was more painful than a quicker end with the point of a spear.broken [to hasten death] and the bodies taken away. 32So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first man, and of the other who had been crucified with Him. 33But when they came to Jesus and saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs. 34But one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came [flowing] out. 35And he (John, the eyewitness) who has seen it has testified, and his testimony is true; and he knows that he is telling the truth, so that you also [who read this] may believe. 36For these things took place to fulfill the Scripture, “Not a bone of His shall be broken.” [Ex 12:46; Num 9:12; Ps 34:20] 37And again another Scripture says, “They shall look at Him whom they have pierced.” [Zech 12:10]
38And after this, Joseph of Arimathea—a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews—asked Pilate to let him take away the body of Jesus; and Pilate gave him permission. So he came and took away His body. [Matt 27:57-61; Mark 15:42-47; Luke 23:50-56] 39Nicodemus, who had first come to Him at night, also came bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, [weighing] about a hundred [Roman] #19:39 Lit litras, equal to 12 oz each.pounds. 40So they took Jesus’ body and bound it in linen wrappings with the fragrant spices, as is the burial custom of the Jews. 41Now there was a garden at the place where He was crucified, and in the garden a new tomb [cut out of solid rock] in which no one had yet been laid. 42Therefore, because of the Jewish day of Preparation, and since the tomb was nearby, they laid Jesus there.
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