I Kings 18
18
Elijah’s Message to Ahab
1And it came to pass after #1 Kin. 17:1; Luke 4:25; James 5:17many days that the word of the Lord came to Elijah, in the third year, saying, “Go, present yourself to Ahab, and #Deut. 28:12I will send rain on the earth.”
2So Elijah went to present himself to Ahab; and there was a severe famine in Samaria. 3And Ahab had called Obadiah, who was in charge of his house. (Now Obadiah feared the Lord greatly. 4For so it was, while Jezebel massacred the prophets of the Lord, that Obadiah had taken one hundred prophets and hidden them, fifty to a cave, and had fed them with bread and water.) 5And Ahab had said to Obadiah, “Go into the land to all the springs of water and to all the brooks; perhaps we may find grass to keep the horses and mules alive, so that we will not have to kill any livestock.” 6So they divided the land between them to explore it; Ahab went one way by himself, and Obadiah went another way by himself.
7Now as Obadiah was on his way, suddenly Elijah met him; and he #2 Kin. 1:6–8recognized him, and fell on his face, and said, “Is that you, my lord Elijah?”
8And he answered him, “It is I. Go, tell your master, ‘Elijah is here.’ ”
9So he said, “How have I sinned, that you are delivering your servant into the hand of Ahab, to kill me? 10As the Lord your God lives, there is no nation or kingdom where my master has not sent someone to hunt for you; and when they said, ‘He is not here,’ he took an oath from the kingdom or nation that they could not find you. 11And now you say, ‘Go, tell your master, “Elijah is here” ’! 12And it shall come to pass, as soon as I am gone from you, that #2 Kin. 2:16; Ezek. 3:12, 14; Matt. 4:1; Acts 8:39the Spirit of the Lord will carry you to a place I do not know; so when I go and tell Ahab, and he cannot find you, he will kill me. But I your servant have feared the Lord from my youth. 13Was it not reported to my lord what I did when Jezebel killed the prophets of the Lord, how I hid one hundred men of the Lord’s prophets, fifty to a cave, and fed them with bread and water? 14And now you say, ‘Go, tell your master, “Elijah is here.” ’ He will kill me!”
15Then Elijah said, “As the Lord of hosts lives, before whom I stand, I will surely present myself to him today.”
16So Obadiah went to meet Ahab, and told him; and Ahab went to meet Elijah.
17Then it happened, when Ahab saw Elijah, that Ahab said to him, #1 Kin. 21:20“Is that you, O #Josh. 7:25; Acts 16:20troubler of Israel?”
18And he answered, “I have not troubled Israel, but you and your father’s house have, #1 Kin. 16:30–33; (2 Chr. 15:2)in that you have forsaken the commandments of the Lord and have followed the Baals. 19Now therefore, send and gather all Israel to me on #Josh. 19:26; 2 Kin. 2:25Mount Carmel, the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal, #1 Kin. 16:33and the four hundred prophets of Asherah, who eat at Jezebel’s table.”
Elijah’s Mount Carmel Victory
20So Ahab sent for all the children of Israel, and #1 Kin. 22:6gathered the prophets together on Mount Carmel. 21And Elijah came to all the people, and said, #2 Kin. 17:41; (Matt. 6:24)“How long will you falter between two opinions? If the Lord is God, follow Him; but if Baal, #Josh. 24:15follow him.” But the people answered him not a word. 22Then Elijah said to the people, #1 Kin. 19:10, 14“I alone am left a prophet of the Lord; #1 Kin. 18:19but Baal’s prophets are four hundred and fifty men. 23Therefore let them give us two bulls; and let them choose one bull for themselves, cut it in pieces, and lay it on the wood, but put no fire under it; and I will prepare the other bull, and lay it on the wood, but put no fire under it. 24Then you call on the name of your gods, and I will call on the name of the Lord; and the God who #1 Kin. 18:38; 1 Chr. 21:26answers by fire, He is God.”
So all the people answered and said, “It is well spoken.”
25Now Elijah said to the prophets of Baal, “Choose one bull for yourselves and prepare it first, for you are many; and call on the name of your god, but put no fire under it.”
26So they took the bull which was given them, and they prepared it, and called on the name of Baal from morning even till noon, saying, “O Baal, hear us!” But there was #Ps. 115:5; Jer. 10:5; (1 Cor. 8:4)no voice; no one answered. Then they leaped about the altar which they had made.
27And so it was, at noon, that Elijah mocked them and said, “Cry aloud, for he is a god; either he is meditating, or he is busy, or he is on a journey, or perhaps he is sleeping and must be awakened.” 28So they cried aloud, and #(Lev. 19:28; Deut. 14:1)cut themselves, as was their custom, with knives and lances, until the blood gushed out on them. 29And when midday was past, #Ex. 29:39, 41they prophesied until the time of the offering of the evening sacrifice. But there was #1 Kin. 18:26no voice; no one answered, no one paid attention.
30Then Elijah said to all the people, “Come near to me.” So all the people came near to him. #1 Kin. 19:10, 14; 2 Chr. 33:16And he repaired the altar of the Lord that was broken down. 31And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, to whom the word of the Lord had come, saying, #Gen. 32:28; 35:10; 2 Kin. 17:34“Israel shall be your name.” 32Then with the stones he built an altar #(Ex. 20:25; Col. 3:17)in the name of the Lord; and he made a trench around the altar large enough to hold two seahs of seed. 33And he #Gen. 22:9; Lev. 1:6–8put the wood in order, cut the bull in pieces, and laid it on the wood, and said, “Fill four waterpots with water, and #Judg. 6:20pour it on the burnt sacrifice and on the wood.” 34Then he said, “Do it a second time,” and they did it a second time; and he said, “Do it a third time,” and they did it a third time. 35So the water ran all around the altar; and he also filled #1 Kin. 18:32, 38the trench with water.
36And it came to pass, at the time of the offering of the evening sacrifice, that Elijah the prophet came near and said, “Lord #Gen. 28:13; Ex. 3:6; 4:5; (Matt. 22:32)God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, #1 Kin. 8:43; 2 Kin. 19:19let it be known this day that You are God in Israel and I am Your servant, and that #Num. 16:28I have done all these things at Your word. 37Hear me, O Lord, hear me, that this people may know that You are the Lord God, and that You have turned their hearts back to You again.”
38Then #Gen. 15:17; Lev. 9:24; 10:1, 2; Judg. 6:21; 2 Kin. 1:12; 1 Chr. 21:26; 2 Chr. 7:1; Job 1:16the fire of the Lord fell and consumed the burnt sacrifice, and the wood and the stones and the dust, and it licked up the water that was in the trench. 39Now when all the people saw it, they fell on their faces; and they said, #1 Kin. 18:21, 24“The Lord, He is God! The Lord, He is God!”
40And Elijah said to them, #2 Kin. 10:25“Seize the prophets of Baal! Do not let one of them escape!” So they seized them; and Elijah brought them down to the Brook #Judg. 4:7; 5:21Kishon and #(Deut. 13:5; 18:20)executed them there.
The Drought Ends
41Then Elijah said to Ahab, “Go up, eat and drink; for there is the sound of abundance of rain.” 42So Ahab went up to eat and drink. And Elijah went up to the top of Carmel; #James 5:17, 18then he bowed down on the ground, and put his face between his knees, 43and said to his servant, “Go up now, look toward the sea.”
So he went up and looked, and said, “There is nothing.” And seven times he said, “Go again.”
44Then it came to pass the seventh time, that he said, “There is a cloud, as small as a man’s hand, rising out of the sea!” So he said, “Go up, say to Ahab, ‘Prepare your chariot, and go down before the rain stops you.’ ”
45Now it happened in the meantime that the sky became black with clouds and wind, and there was a heavy rain. So Ahab rode away and went to Jezreel. 46Then the #2 Kin. 3:15; Is. 8:11; Ezek. 3:14hand of the Lord came upon Elijah; and he #2 Kin. 4:29; 9:1; Jer. 1:17; 1 Pet. 1:13girded up his loins and ran ahead of Ahab to the entrance of Jezreel.
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I Kings 18: NKJV
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The Holy Bible, New King James Version, Copyright © 1982 Thomas Nelson. All rights reserved.
1 Kings 18
18
Elijah Meets the King’s Servant
1 Some time later, in the third year of the famine, the Lord told Elijah,#tn Heb “the word of the Lord came to Elijah.” “Go, make an appearance before Ahab, so I may send rain on the surface of the ground.” 2 So Elijah went to make an appearance before Ahab.
Now the famine was severe in Samaria.#map For location see Map2-B1; Map4-D3; Map5-E2; Map6-A4; Map7-C1. 3 So Ahab summoned Obadiah, who supervised the palace. (Now Obadiah was a very loyal follower of the Lord.#tn Heb “now Obadiah greatly feared the Lord.” “Fear” refers here to obedience and allegiance, the products of healthy respect for the Lord’s authority. 4 When Jezebel was killing#tn Heb “cutting off.” the Lord’s prophets, Obadiah took one hundred prophets and hid them in two caves in two groups of fifty. He also brought them food and water.) 5 Ahab told Obadiah, “Go through the land to all the springs and valleys. Maybe we can find some grazing areas#tn Heb “grass.” so we can keep the horses and mules alive and not have to kill#tn Heb “to cut off.” some of the animals.” 6 They divided up the land between them; Ahab went#tn The Hebrew text has “alone” here and again in reference to Obadiah toward the end of the verse. one way and Obadiah went the other.
7 As Obadiah was traveling along, Elijah met him.#tn Heb “look, Elijah [came] to meet him.” When he recognized him, he fell facedown to the ground and said, “Is it really you, my master, Elijah?” 8 He replied, “Yes,#tn Heb “[It is] I.” go and say to your master, ‘Elijah is back.’”#tn Heb “Look, Elijah”; or “Elijah is here.” 9 Obadiah#tn Heb “he”; the referent (Obadiah) has been specified in the translation for clarity. said, “What sin have I committed that you are ready to hand your servant over to Ahab for execution?#tn Heb “to kill me.” 10 As certainly as the Lord your God lives, my master has sent to every nation and kingdom in an effort to find you. When they say, ‘He’s not here,’ he makes them#tn Heb “he makes the kingdom or the nation swear an oath.” swear an oath that they could not find you. 11 Now you say, ‘Go and say to your master, “Elijah is back.”’#tn Heb “Look, Elijah”; or “Elijah is here.” 12 But when I leave you, the Lord’s spirit will carry you away so I can’t find you.#tn Heb “to [a place] which I do not know.” If I go tell Ahab I’ve seen you, he won’t be able to find you and he will kill me.#tn Heb “and I will go to inform Ahab and he will not find you and he will kill me.” That would not be fair,#tn The words “that would not be fair” are added to clarify the logic of Obadiah’s argument. because your servant has been a loyal follower of#tn Heb “has feared the Lord” (also see the note at 1 Kgs 18:3). the Lord from my youth. 13 Certainly my master is aware of what I did#tn Heb “Has it not been told to my master what I did…?” The rhetorical question expects an answer, “Of course it has!” when Jezebel was killing the Lord’s prophets. I hid one hundred of the Lord’s prophets in two caves in two groups of fifty and I brought them food and water. 14 Now you say, ‘Go and say to your master, “Elijah is back,”’#tn Heb “Look, Elijah”; or “Elijah is here.” but he will kill me.” 15 But Elijah said, “As certainly as the Lord who rules over all#tn Traditionally, “the Lord of Hosts.” lives (whom I serve),#tn Heb “(before whom I stand).” I will make an appearance before him today.”
Elijah Confronts Baal’s Prophets
16 When Obadiah went and informed Ahab, the king went to meet Elijah.#tn Heb “Obadiah went to meet Ahab and told him, and Ahab went to meet Elijah.” 17 When Ahab saw Elijah, he#tn Heb “Ahab.” said to him, “Is it really you, the one who brings disaster#tn Or “trouble.” on Israel?” 18 Elijah#tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elijah) has been specified in the translation for clarity. replied, “I have not brought disaster#tn Or “trouble.” on Israel. But you and your father’s dynasty have, by abandoning the Lord’s commandments and following the Baals. 19 Now send out messengers#tn The word “messengers” is supplied in the translation both here and in v. 20 for clarification. and assemble all Israel before me at Mount Carmel, as well as the 450 prophets of Baal and 400 prophets of Asherah whom Jezebel supports.#tn Heb “who eat at the table of Jezebel.”
20 Ahab sent messengers to all the Israelites and had the prophets assemble at Mount Carmel. 21 Elijah approached all the people and said, “How long are you going to be paralyzed by indecision?#tn Heb “How long are you going to limp around on two crutches?” (see HALOT 762 s.v. סְעִפִּים). In context this idiomatic expression refers to indecision rather than physical disability. If the Lord is the true God,#tn Heb “the God.” then follow him, but if Baal is, follow him!” But the people did not say a word. 22 Elijah said to them:#tn Heb “to the people.” “I am the only prophet of the Lord who is left, but there are 450 prophets of Baal. 23 Let them bring us two bulls. Let them choose one of the bulls for themselves, cut it up into pieces, and place it on the wood. But they must not set it on fire. I will do the same to the other bull and place it on the wood. But I will not set it on fire. 24 Then you#tn Elijah now directly addresses the prophets. will invoke the name of your god, and I will invoke the name of the Lord. The god who responds with fire will demonstrate that he is the true God.”#tn Heb “the God.” All the people responded, “This will be a fair test.”#tn Heb “The matter [i.e., proposal] is good [i.e., acceptable].”
25 Elijah told the prophets of Baal, “Choose one of the bulls for yourselves and go first, for you are the majority. Invoke the name of your god, but do not light a fire.”#tc The last sentence of v. 25 is absent in the Syriac Peshitta. 26 So they took a bull, as he had suggested,#tn Heb “and they took the bull which he allowed them.” and prepared it. They invoked the name of Baal from morning until noon, saying, “Baal, answer us.” But there was no sound and no answer. They jumped#tn Heb “limped” (the same verb is used in v. 21). around on the altar they had made.#tc The MT has “which he made,” but some medieval Hebrew mss and the ancient versions have the plural form of the verb. 27 At noon Elijah mocked them, “Yell louder! After all, he is a god; he may be deep in thought, or perhaps he stepped out for a moment or has taken a trip. Perhaps he is sleeping and needs to be awakened.”#sn Elijah’s sarcastic proposals would have been especially offensive and irritating to Baal’s prophets, for they believed Baal was imprisoned in the underworld as death’s captive during this time of drought. Elijah’s apparent ignorance of their theology is probably designed for dramatic effect; indeed the suggestion that Baal is away on a trip or deep in sleep comes precariously close to the truth as viewed by the prophets. 28 So they yelled louder and, in accordance with their prescribed ritual,#tn Or “as was their custom.” mutilated themselves with swords and spears until their bodies were covered with blood.#tn Heb “until blood poured out on them.”sn mutilated…covered with blood. This self-mutilation was a mourning rite designed to facilitate Baal’s return from the underworld. 29 Throughout the afternoon they were in an ecstatic frenzy,#tn Heb “when noon passed they prophesied until the offering up of the offering.” but there was no sound, no answer, and no response.#tc The Old Greek translation and Syriac Peshitta include the following words here: “When it was time to offer the sacrifice, Elijah the Tishbite spoke to the prophets of the abominations: ‘Stand aside for the time being, and I will offer my burnt offering.’ So they stood aside and departed.”sn In 2 Kgs 4:31 the words “there was no sound and there was no response” are used to describe a dead boy. Similar words are used here to describe the god Baal as dead and therefore unresponsive.
30 Elijah then told all the people, “Approach me.” So all the people approached him. He repaired the altar of the Lord that had been torn down.#sn Torn down. The condition of the altar symbolizes the spiritual state of the people. 31 Then Elijah took twelve stones, corresponding to the number of tribes that descended from Jacob, to whom the Lord had said, “Israel will be your new#tn The word “new” is implied but not actually present in the Hebrew text. name.”#sn Israel will be your new name. See Gen 32:28; 35:10. 32 With the stones he constructed an altar for the Lord.#tn Heb “and he built the stones into an altar in the name of the Lord.” Around the altar he made a trench large enough to contain two seahs#tn A seah was a dry measure equivalent to about seven quarts. of seed. 33 He arranged the wood, cut up the bull, and placed it on the wood. 34 Then he said, “Fill four water jars and pour the water on the offering and the wood.” When they had done so,#tn The words “when they had done so” are supplied in the translation for clarification. he said, “Do it again.” So they did it again. Then he said, “Do it a third time.” So they did it a third time. 35 The water flowed down all sides of the altar and filled the trench. 36 When it was time for the evening offering,#tn Heb “at the offering up of the offering.” Elijah the prophet approached the altar#tn The words “the altar” are supplied in the translation for clarification. and prayed: “O Lord God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, prove#tn Heb “let it be known.” today that you are God in Israel and that I am your servant and have done all these things at your command. 37 Answer me, O Lord, answer me, so these people will know that you, O Lord, are the true God#tn Heb “the God.” and that you are winning back their allegiance.”#tn Heb “that you are turning their heart[s] back.” 38 Then fire from the Lord fell from the sky.#tn The words “from the sky” are added for stylistic reasons. It consumed the offering, the wood, the stones, and the dirt, and licked up the water in the trench. 39 When all the people saw this, they threw themselves down with their faces to the ground and said, “The Lord is the true God!#tn Heb “the God” (the phrase occurs twice in this verse). The Lord is the true God!” 40 Elijah told them, “Seize the prophets of Baal! Don’t let even one of them escape!” So they seized them, and Elijah led them down to the Kishon Valley and executed#tn Or “slaughtered.” them there.
41 Then Elijah told Ahab, “Go on up and eat and drink, for the sound of a heavy rainstorm can be heard.”#tn Heb “for [there is] the sound of the roar of the rain.” 42 So Ahab went on up to eat and drink, while Elijah climbed to the top of Carmel. He bent down toward the ground and put his face between his knees. 43 He told his servant, “Go on up and look in the direction of the sea.” So he went on up, looked, and reported, “There is nothing.”#sn So he went on up, looked, and reported, “There is nothing.” Several times in this chapter those addressed by Elijah obey his orders. In vv. 20 and 42 Ahab does as instructed, in vv. 26 and 28 the prophets follow Elijah’s advice, and in vv. 30, 34, 40 and 43 the people and servants do as they are told. By juxtaposing Elijah’s commands with accounts of those commands being obeyed, the narrator emphasizes the authority of the Lord’s prophet. Seven times Elijah sent him to look.#tn Heb “He said, ‘Return,’ seven times.” 44 The seventh time the servant#tn Heb “he”; the referent (the servant) has been specified in the translation for clarity. said, “Look, a small cloud, the size of the palm of a man’s hand, is rising up from the sea.” Elijah#tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elijah) has been specified in the translation for clarity. then said, “Go and tell Ahab, ‘Hitch up the chariots and go down, so that the rain won’t overtake you.’”#tn Heb “so that the rain won’t restrain you.” 45 Meanwhile the sky was covered with dark clouds, the wind blew, and there was a heavy rainstorm. Ahab rode toward#tn Heb “rode and went to.” Jezreel. 46 Now the Lord energized Elijah with power;#tn Heb “and the hand of the Lord was on Elijah.” he tucked his robe into his belt#tn Heb “and girded up his loins.” The idea is that of gathering up the robes and tucking them into the sash or belt so that they do not get in the way of the legs when running (or working or fighting). and ran ahead of Ahab all the way to Jezreel.
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