Leviticus 6
6
Trespass by Deception and False Oath
1 (5:20)#sn Beginning with 6:1, the verse numbers through 6:30 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 6:1 ET = 5:20 HT, 6:2 ET = 5:21 HT, 6:8 ET = 6:1 HT, etc., through 6:30 ET = 6:23 HT. Beginning with 7:1 the verse numbers in the English text and Hebrew text are again the same. Then the Lord spoke to Moses:#sn This paragraph is Lev 6:1-7 in the English Bible but Lev 5:20-26 in the Hebrew text. The quotation introduced by v. 1 extends from Lev 6:2 (5:21 HT) through 6:7 (5:26 HT), encompassing the third main section of guilt offering regulations. Compare the notes on Lev 1:1; 4:1; and 5:14 above. 2 “When a person sins and commits a trespass#tn Heb “trespasses a trespass” (verb and direct object from the same Hebrew root מַעַל, ma’al). See the note on 5:15. against the Lord by deceiving his fellow citizen#tn Or “neighbor” (ASV, NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT); NASB “companion”; TEV “a fellow-Israelite.” in regard to something held in trust, or a pledge, or something stolen, or by extorting something from his fellow citizen,#tn Heb “has extorted his neighbor”; ASV “oppressed”; NRSV “defrauded.” 3 or has found something lost and denies it and swears falsely#tn Heb “and swears on falsehood”; cf. CEV “deny something while under oath.” concerning any one of the things that someone might do to sin#tn Heb “on one from all which the man shall do to sin in them.” – 4 when it happens that he sins and he is found guilty,#tn Heb “and it shall happen, when he sins and becomes guilty,” which is both resumptive of the previous (vv. 2-3) and the conclusion to the protasis (cf. “then” introducing the next clause as the apodosis). In this case, “becomes guilty” (cf. NASB, NIV) probably refers to his legal status as one who has been convicted of a crime in court; thus the translation “he is found guilty.” See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:559-61. then he must return whatever he had stolen, or whatever he had extorted, or the thing that he had held in trust,#tn Heb “that had been held in trust with him.” or the lost thing that he had found, 5 or anything about which he swears falsely.#tn Heb “or from all which he swears on it to falsehood.” He must restore it in full#tn Heb “in its head.” This refers “the full amount” in terms of the “principal,” the original item or amount obtained illegally (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:338; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 84). and add one fifth to it; he must give it to its owner when he is found guilty.#tn Heb “to whom it is to him he shall give it in the day of his being guilty.” The present translation is based on the view that he has been found guilty through the legal process (see the note on v. 4 above; cf., e.g., TEV and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 33-34). Others translate the latter part as “in the day he offers his guilt [reparation] offering” (e.g., NIV and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 73, 84), or “in the day he realizes his guilt” (e.g., NRSV and J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:319, 338). 6 Then he must bring his guilt offering to the Lord, a flawless ram from the flock, convertible into silver shekels,#tn The words “into silver shekels” are supplied here. See the full expression in Lev 5:15, and compare 5:18. Cf. NRSV “or its equivalent”; NLT “or the animal’s equivalent value in silver.” for a guilt offering to the priest. 7 So the priest will make atonement#sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4. on his behalf before the Lord and he will be forgiven#tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar). for whatever he has done to become guilty.”#tn Heb “on one from all which he does to become guilty in it”; NAB “whatever guilt he may have incurred.”
Sacrificial Instructions for the Priests: The Burnt Offering
8 (6:1)#sn Lev 6:8 in the English Bible = 6:1 in the Hebrew text. See also the note on 6:1. Then the Lord spoke to Moses:#sn The following paragraphs are Lev 6:8-30 in the English Bible but 6:1-23 in the Hebrew text. This initial verse makes the special priestly regulations for the people’s burnt and grain offerings into a single unit (i.e., Lev 6:8-18 [6:1-11 HT]; cf. Lev 1-2 above). Note also the separate introductions for various priestly regulations in Lev 6:19 [12 HT], 24 [17 HT], and for the common people in Lev 7:22, 28 below. 9 “Command Aaron and his sons, ‘This is the law of the burnt offering. The burnt offering is to remain on the hearth#tn Heb “It is the burnt offering on the hearth.” on the altar all night until morning, and the fire of the altar must be kept burning on it.#tn Heb “in it.” In this context “in it” apparently refers to the “hearth” which was on top of the altar. 10 Then the priest must put on his linen robe and must put linen leggings#tn The exact nature of this article of the priest’s clothing is difficult to determine. Cf. KJV, ASV “breeches”; NAB “drawers”; NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT “undergarments”; NCV “underclothes”; CEV “underwear”; TEV “shorts.” over his bare flesh, and he must take up the fatty ashes of the burnt offering that the fire consumed on the altar,#tn Heb “he shall lift up the fatty ashes which the fire shall consume the burnt offering on the altar.” and he must place them#tn Heb “it,” referring the “fatty ashes” as a single unit. beside the altar. 11 Then he must take off his clothes and put on other clothes, and he must bring the fatty ashes outside the camp to a ceremonially#tn The word “ceremonially” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that the uncleanness of the place involved is ritual or ceremonial in nature. clean place, 12 but the fire which is on the altar must be kept burning on it.#tn Heb “in it,” apparently referring to the “hearth” which was on top of the altar (cf. the note on v. 9). It must not be extinguished. So the priest must kindle wood on it morning by morning, and he must arrange the burnt offering on it and offer the fat of the peace offering up in smoke on it. 13 A continual fire must be kept burning on the altar. It must not be extinguished.
The Grain Offering of the Common Person
14 “‘This is the law of the grain offering. The sons of Aaron are to present it#tn Heb “offering it, the sons of Aaron.” The verb is a Hiphil infinitive absolute, which is used here in place of the finite verb as either a jussive (GKC 346 §113.cc, “let the sons of Aaron offer”) or more likely an injunctive in light of the verbs that follow (Joüon 2:430 §123.v, “the sons of Aaron shall/must offer”). before the Lord in front of the altar, 15 and the priest#tn Heb “and he”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. The “he” refers to the officiating priest. A similar shift between singular and plural occurs in Lev 1:7-9, but see the note on Lev 1:7 and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 89 for the possibility of textual corruption. must take up with his hand some of the choice wheat flour of the grain offering#tn Heb “shall take up from it with his hand some of the choice wheat flour of the grain offering.” and some of its olive oil, and all of the frankincense that is on the grain offering, and he must offer its memorial portion#sn See the note on Lev 2:2. up in smoke on the altar#tc Smr reading, which includes the locative ה (hey, translated “on” the altar), is preferred here. This is the normal construction with the verb “offer up in smoke” in Lev 1-7 (see the note on Lev 1:9). as a soothing aroma to the Lord.#tn Heb “and he shall offer up in smoke [on] the altar a soothing aroma, its memorial portion, to the Lord.” 16 Aaron and his sons are to eat what is left over from it. It must be eaten unleavened in a holy place; they are to eat it in the courtyard of the Meeting Tent. 17 It must not be baked with yeast.#tn Heb “It must not be baked leavened” (cf. Lev 2:11). The noun “leaven” is traditional in English versions (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV), but “yeast” is more commonly used today. I have given it as their portion from my gifts. It is most holy,#tn Heb “holiness of holinesses [or holy of holies] it is”; cf. NAB “most sacred.” like the sin offering and the guilt offering. 18 Every male among the sons of Aaron may eat it. It is a perpetual allotted portion#tn Or “a perpetual regulation”; cf. NASB “a permanent ordinance”; NRSV “as their perpetual due.” throughout your generations#tn Heb “for your generations”; cf. NIV “for the generations to come.” from the gifts of the Lord. Anyone who touches these gifts#tn Heb “touches them”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. In this context “them” must refer to the “gifts” of the Lord. must be holy.’”#tn Or “anyone/anything that touches them shall become holy” (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:443-56). The question is whether this refers to the contagious nature of holy objects (cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) or whether it simply sets forth a demand that anyone who touches the holy gifts of the Lord must be a holy person (cf. CEV). See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:900-902.
The Grain Offering of the Priests
19 Then the Lord spoke to Moses:#sn See the note on Lev 6:8 [6:1 HT] above. 20 “This is the offering of Aaron and his sons which they must present to the Lord on the day when he is anointed: a tenth of an ephah#sn A tenth of an ephah is about 2.3 liters, one day’s ration for a single person (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:306). of choice wheat flour#tn For the rendering “choice wheat flour” see the note on Lev 2:1. as a continual grain offering, half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening. 21 It must be made with olive oil on a griddle and you must bring it well soaked,#tn The term rendered here “well soaked” (see, e.g., NRSV; the Hebrew term is מֻרְבֶּכֶת, murbbekhet) occurs only three times (here; 7:12, and 1 Chr 23:29), and is sometimes translated “well-mixed” (e.g., NIV, NCV, NLT; NASB “well stirred”; NAB “well kneaded”). The meaning is uncertain (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:399-400), but in Lev 7:12 it stands parallel to already prepared grain offerings either “mixed” (the Hebrew term is בְּלוּלֹת (bÿlulot), not מֻרְבֶּכֶת as in Lev 6:21 [6:14 HT]) or anointed with oil. so you must present a grain offering of broken pieces#tn Heb “broken bits [?] of a grain offering of pieces,” but the meaning of the Hebrew term rendered here “broken bits” (תֻּפִינֵי, tufiney) is quite uncertain. Some take it from the Hebrew verb “to break up, to crumble” (פַּת [pat]; e.g., the Syriac, NAB, NIV, NLT “broken” pieces) and others from “to bake” (אָפַה, ’afah; e.g., NRSV “baked pieces”). For a good summary of other proposed options, see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 90. Compare Lev 2:5-6 for the general regulations regarding this manner of grain offering. Similar but less problematic terminology is used there. as a soothing aroma to the Lord. 22 The high priest who succeeds him#tn Heb “And the anointed priest under him.” from among his sons must do it. It is a perpetual statute; it must be offered up in smoke as a whole offering to the Lord. 23 Every grain offering of a priest must be a whole offering; it must not be eaten.”
The Sin Offering
24 Then the Lord spoke to Moses:#sn See the note on Lev 6:8 [6:1 HT]. 25 “Tell Aaron and his sons, ‘This is the law of the sin offering. In the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered the sin offering must be slaughtered before the Lord. It is most holy.#tn Heb “holiness of holinesses [or holy of holies] it is.” Cf. NAB “most sacred”; CEV “very sacred”; TEV “very holy.” 26 The priest who offers it for sin is to eat it. It must be eaten in a holy place, in the court of the Meeting Tent. 27 Anyone who touches its meat must be holy, and whoever spatters some of its blood on a garment,#tn Heb “on the garment”; NCV “on any clothes”; CEV “on the clothes of the priest.” you must wash#tc The translation “you must wash” is based on the MT as it stands (cf. NASB, NIV). Smr, LXX, Syriac, Tg. Ps.-J., and the Vulgate have a third person masculine singular passive form (Pual), “[the garment] must be washed” (cf. NAB, NRSV, NLT). This could also be supported from the verbs in the following verse, and it requires only a repointing of the Hebrew text with no change in consonants. See the remarks in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 90 and J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:404. whatever he spatters it on in a holy place. 28 Any clay vessel it is boiled in must be broken, and if it was boiled in a bronze vessel, then that vessel#tn Heb “it”; the words “that vessel” are supplied in the translation to clarify the referent. must be rubbed out and rinsed in water. 29 Any male among the priests may eat it. It is most holy.#tn Heb “holiness of holinesses [or holy of holies] it is” (also in 7:1). 30 But any sin offering from which some of its blood is brought into the Meeting Tent to make atonement in the sanctuary must not be eaten. It must be burned up in the fire.#tn Heb “burned with fire,” an expression which is sometimes redundant in English, but here means “burned up,” “burned up entirely.”
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Leviticus 6
6
Additional Laws for Burnt Offerings
1#Leviticus 6:1–30 in the English Bible is 5:20–6:23 in the Hebrew Bible Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 2“When a person#Or “a soul” displays infidelity#Literally “acts unfaithfully infidelity” or “is unfaithful in unfaithfulness” against Yahweh and he deceives his fellow citizen regarding#Literally “in” something entrusted or a pledge#Literally “a pledge of a hand” or stealing or he exploits his fellow citizen, 3or he finds lost property and lies about it and swears falsely#Literally “in accordance with deception” in regard to#Literally “on” or “upon” any one of these things by which a person#Literally “the man” might commit sin, 4and when#Literally “and it will be when” he sins and is guilty, then#Or “and” he shall bring back the things he had stolen#Literally “the robbed things that he had stolen” or what he had extorted#Literally “the extortion that he had extorted” or something with which he had been entrusted#Literally “something entrusted that had been entrusted to him” or the lost property that he had found, 5or regarding#Literally “from” anything about which he has sworn falsely,#Literally “in accordance with deception” then#Or “and” he shall repay it according to#Literally “in” its value and shall add one-fifth of its value to it—he must give it to whom it belongs#Literally “to whom it is to him” on the day of his guilt offering. 6And he must bring as his guilt offering to Yahweh a ram without defect from the flock#The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals) by your valuation#See 5:15 and 18 as a guilt offering to the priest, 7and the priest shall make atonement for him before#Literally “to the faces of” Yahweh, and he shall be forgiven anything#Literally “one” from all that he might do by which he might incur guilt.”#Literally “which he might do for incurring guilt by it”
8Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 9“Command Aaron and his sons, saying, ‘This is the regulation of the burnt offering: The burnt offering must remain on the hearth#Literally “It shall be the burnt offering on a hearth” on the altar all night until the morning, and the altar’s fire must be kept burning on it. 10And the priest shall put on his linen robe, and he must put his linen undergarments on his body, and he shall take away the fatty ashes of the burnt offering that the fire has consumed on the altar, and he shall place them#Hebrew “him/it”—plural required by the English “fatty ashes” beside the altar. 11And he shall take off his garments and put on other garments, and he shall bring out the fatty ashes outside the camp#Literally “to from an outside place of the camp” to a ceremonially clean place, 12but#Or “and” the fire on the altar must be kept burning on it; it must not be quenched. And the priest must burn wood every morning#Literally “in the morning in the morning” on it,#Antecedent for this 3fs suffix is “fire” (“altar” is ms) and he shall arrange the burnt offering on it,#Antecedent for this 3fs suffix is “fire” (“altar” is ms) and he shall turn into smoke the fat portions of the fellowship offerings on it.#Antecedent for this 3fs suffix is “fire” (“altar” is ms) 13A perpetual fire must be kept burning on the altar; it must not be quenched.
Additional Laws for Grain Offerings
14“ ‘And this is the regulation of the grain offering. Aaron’s sons shall present it before#Literally “to the faces of” Yahweh in front of#Literally “to the faces of” the altar, 15and he#That is, the priest; understood by context and 3ms verb in his fist shall take away from it some of#Literally “from” the grain offering’s finely milled flour, and some of#Literally “from” its oil and all of the frankincense that is on the grain offering, and he shall turn into smoke its token portion on the altar as an appeasing fragrance to Yahweh. 16And Aaron and his sons must eat the remainder of it; they must eat it as unleavened bread in a holy place—in the tent of assembly’s courtyard they must eat it. 17It must not be baked with yeast. I have given it as their share from my offerings made by fire. It is a most holy thing,#Literally “a holiness of holinesses” like the sin offering and like the guilt offering. 18Every male among Aaron’s sons may eat it as a lasting rule among your generations from the offerings made by fire belonging to#Literally “of” Yahweh. Anything that#Or “Everyone who” touches them will become holy.’ ”
19Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 20“This is the offering of Aaron and his sons that they shall present to Yahweh on the day of his being anointed: a tenth of an#Hebrew “the” ephah of finely milled flour as a perpetual grain offering, half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening. 21It must be made#Or “prepared” in#Or “with” oil on a flat baking pan; you#Singular masculine must bring it well-mixed; you must present pieces of a grain offering’s baked goods#Or “broken bits” (JPS, NET, NIV) as an appeasing fragrance to Yahweh. 22And the anointed priest taking his place from among his sons must do it. As a lasting rule, it must be turned into smoke totally for Yahweh. 23And every grain offering of a priest must be a whole burnt offering; it must not be eaten.”
Additional Laws for Sin Offerings
24Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 25“Speak to Aaron and his sons, saying, ‘This is the regulation of the sin offering: In the place where the sin offering is slaughtered, the sin offering must be slaughtered before#Literally “to the faces of” Yahweh; it is a most holy thing.#Literally “a holiness of holinesses” 26The priest who offers the sin offering#Literally “one who offers it a sin offering” must eat it in a holy place—in the tent of assembly’s courtyard. 27Anything that#Or “Everyone who” touches its flesh will become holy, and when some of#Literally “from” its blood spatters on a#Hebrew “the” garment, what was spattered on it you#Singular masculine shall wash in a holy place. 28And a clay vessel in which it was boiled must be broken, but#Or “and” if it was boiled in a bronze vessel, then#Or “and” it shall be thoroughly scoured and rinsed with water. 29Any male among the priests may eat it; it is a most holy thing.#Literally “a holiness of holinesses” 30But#Or “And” any sin offering from which some of#Literally “from” its blood is brought to the tent of assembly to make atonement in the sanctuary must not be eaten; it must be burned in the fire.’ ”
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