Judges 10
10
Stability Restored
1 After Abimelech’s death,#tn The word “death” has been supplied in the translation for clarification. Tola son of Puah, grandson#tn Heb “son.” of Dodo, from the tribe of Issachar,#tn Heb “a man of Issachar.” rose up to deliver Israel. He lived in Shamir in the Ephraimite hill country. 2 He led#tn Traditionally, “judged.” Israel for twenty-three years, then died and was buried in Shamir.
3 Jair the Gileadite rose up after him; he led Israel for twenty-two years. 4 He had thirty sons who rode on thirty donkeys and possessed thirty cities. To this day these towns are called Havvoth Jair#sn The name Habboth Jair means “tent villages of Jair” in Hebrew. – they are in the land of Gilead.#tn Heb “they call them Havvoth Jair to this day – which are in the land of Gilead.” 5 Jair died and was buried in Kamon.
The Lord’s Patience Runs Short
6 The Israelites again did evil in the Lord’s sight.#tn Heb “in the eyes of the Lord.” They worshiped#tn Or “served;” or “followed.” the Baals and the Ashtars,#sn The Ashtars were local manifestations of the goddess Ashtar (i.e., Astarte). as well as the gods of Syria, Sidon,#map For location see Map1-A1; JP3-F3; JP4-F3. Moab, the Ammonites, and the Philistines.#tn Heb “the gods of Syria, the gods of Sidon, the gods of Moab, the gods of the Ammonites, and the gods of the Philistines.” They abandoned the Lord and did not worship#tn Or “serve”; or “follow.” him. 7 The Lord was furious with Israel#tn Or “the Lord’s anger burned [or “raged”] against Israel.” and turned them over to#tn Heb “sold them into the hands of.” the Philistines and Ammonites. 8 They ruthlessly oppressed#tn Heb “shattered and crushed.” The repetition of similar sounding synonyms (רָעַץ [ra’ats] and רָצַץ [ratsats]) is for emphasis; רָצַץ appears in the Polel, adding further emphasis to the affirmation. the Israelites that eighteenth year#tn The phrase שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה (shemoneh ’esreh shanah) could be translated “eighteen years,” but this would be difficult after the reference to “that year.” It is possible that v. 8b is parenthetical, referring to an eighteen year long period of oppression east of the Jordan which culminated in hostilities against all Israel (including Judah, see v. 9) in the eighteenth year. It is simpler to translate the phrase as an ordinal number, though the context does not provide the point of reference. (See Gen 14:4-5 and R. G. Boling, Judges [AB], 191-92.) In this case, the following statement specifies which “Israelites” are in view. – that is, all the Israelites living east of the Jordan in Amorite country in Gilead. 9 The Ammonites crossed the Jordan to fight with Judah, Benjamin, and Ephraim.#tn Heb “the house of Ephraim.” Israel suffered greatly.#tn Or “Israel experienced great distress.” Perhaps here the verb has the nuance “hemmed in.”
10 The Israelites cried out for help to the Lord: “We have sinned against you. We abandoned our God and worshiped#tn Or “served”; or “followed.” the Baals.” 11 The Lord said to the Israelites, “Did I not deliver you from Egypt, the Amorites, the Ammonites, the Philistines, 12 the Sidonians, Amalek, and Midian#tc The translation follows the LXX which reads “Midian”; the Hebrew text has “Maon.” when they oppressed you?#tn The words “Did I not deliver you” are interpretive. The Hebrew text simply reads, “Is it not from Egypt…when they oppressed you?” Perhaps the incomplete sentence reflects the Lord’s frustration. You cried out for help to me, and I delivered you from their power.#tn Heb “hand.” 13 But since you abandoned me and worshiped#tn Or “served”; or “followed.” other gods, I will not deliver you again. 14 Go and cry for help to the gods you have chosen! Let them deliver you from trouble!”#tn Heb “in your time of trouble.” 15 But the Israelites said to the Lord, “We have sinned. You do to us as you see fit,#tn Heb “according to all whatever is good in your eyes.” but deliver us today!”#sn You do to us as you see fit, but deliver us today. The request seems contradictory, but it can be explained in one of two ways. They may be asking for relief from their enemies and direct discipline from God’s hand. Or they may mean, “In the future you can do whatever you like to us, but give us relief from what we’re suffering right now.” 16 They threw away the foreign gods they owned#tn Heb “from their midst.” and worshiped#tn Or “served”; or “followed.” the Lord. Finally the Lord grew tired of seeing Israel suffer so much.#tn Heb “And his spirit grew short [i.e., impatient] with the suffering of Israel.” The Hebrew noun נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh) also appears as the subject of the verb קָצַר (qatsar) in Num 21:4 (the Israelites grow impatient wandering in the wilderness), Judg 16:16 (Samson grows impatient with Delilah’s constant nagging), and Zech 11:8 (Zechariah grows impatient with the three negligent “shepherds”).
An Outcast Becomes a General
17 The Ammonites assembled#tn Or “were summoned;” or “were mustered.” and camped in Gilead; the Israelites gathered together and camped in Mizpah. 18 The leaders#tn Heb “the people, the officers.” of Gilead said to one another, “Who is willing to lead the charge#tn Heb “Who is the man who will begin fighting.” against the Ammonites? He will become the leader of all who live in Gilead!”
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Judges 10
10
The Philistines and Ammonites Afflict the Israelites
1After Abimelech, Tola son of Puah son of Dod, a man of Issachar, rose up to deliver Israel; and he was living at Shamir in the hill country of Ephraim. 2And he judged Israel twenty-three years. And he died and was buried in Shamir. 3After him Jair the Gileadite rose up, and he judged Israel twenty-two years. 4And he had thirty sons who would ride on thirty donkeys, and they had thirty towns that are in the land of Gilead that they called Havvoth Jair until this day. 5And Jair died and was buried in Kamon.
6And again, the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” did evil in the eyes of Yahweh. They served the Baals, the Ashtaroth, the gods of Aram, Sidon, Moab, and the gods of the Ammonites#Literally “sons/children of Ammon” and Philistines; they abandoned Yahweh and did not serve him. 7And the anger of Yahweh burned#Literally “the nose of Yahweh became hot” against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and the Ammonites.#Literally “sons/children of Ammon” 8They crushed and oppressed the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” in that year; for eighteen years they crushed all the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” who were beyond the Jordan, in the land of the Amorites,#Hebrew “Amorite” which is in Gilead. 9The Ammonites#Literally “sons/children of Ammon” crossed the Jordan to fight also against Judah, Benjamin, and the house of Ephraim; and Israel was very distressed.
10Then the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” cried out to Yahweh, saying, “We have sinned against you; we have abandoned our God and served the Baals.” 11And Yahweh said to the Israelites,#Literally “sons/children of Israel” “Did I not deliver you from the Egyptians,#Hebrew “from Egypt” the Amorites,#Hebrew “Amorite” from the Ammonites,#Literally “sons/children of Ammon” and from the Philistines?#Hebrew “Philistine” 12And when the Sidonians, the Amalekites,#Hebrew “Amalekite” and the Maonites#Hebrew “Maonite” oppressed you, you cried out to me, and I delivered you from their hand. 13Yet you have abandoned me and served other gods. Therefore I will no longer deliver you. 14Go and cry out to the gods whom you have chosen; let them deliver you in the time of your trouble.” 15And the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” said to Yahweh, “We have sinned; do to us accordingly as you see fit;#Literally “do to us according to the good in your eyes” only please deliver us this day.” 16So they removed the foreign gods from their midst and served Yahweh; and he could no longer bear#Literally “his soul was short with” the misery of Israel.
17And the Ammonites#Literally “sons/children of Ammon” were summoned,#Or “were called to arms” and they camped in Gilead. And the Israelites#Literally “sons/children of Israel” gathered and camped at Mizpah. 18The people, the ones commanding Gilead, said to each other,#Literally “said each to his neighbor” “Who is the man that will begin to fight against the Ammonites?#Literally “sons/children of Ammon” He will be as head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.”
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