Hebrews 3
3
Jesus and Moses
1 Therefore, holy brothers and sisters,#tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 2:11. partners in a heavenly calling, take note of Jesus, the apostle and high priest whom we confess,#tn Grk “of our confession.” 2 who is faithful to the one who appointed him, as Moses was also in God’s#tn Grk “his”; in the translation the referent (God) has been specified for clarity. house.#tc ‡ The reading adopted by the translation follows a few early mss and some versions (Ì13,46vid B vgms co Ambr). The majority of mss (א A C D Ψ 0243 0278 33 1739 1881 Ï lat sy) insert “all” (“in all his house”), apparently in anticipation of Heb 3:5 which quotes directly from Num 12:7. On balance, the omission better explains the rise of ὅλῳ ({olw, “all”) than vice versa. NA27 puts ὅλῳ in brackets, indicating doubts as to its authenticity. 3 For he has come to deserve greater glory than Moses, just as the builder of a house deserves greater honor than the house itself! 4 For every house is built by someone, but the builder of all things is God. 5 Now Moses was faithful in all God’s#tn Grk “his”; in the translation the referent (God) has been specified for clarity. house#sn A quotation from Num 12:7. as a servant, to testify to the things that would be spoken. 6 But Christ#sn The Greek makes the contrast between v. 5 and v. 6a more emphatic and explicit than is easily done in English. is faithful as a son over God’s#tn Grk “his”; in the translation the referent (God) has been specified for clarity. house. We are of his house,#tn Grk “whose house we are,” continuing the previous sentence. if in fact we hold firmly#tc The reading adopted by the translation is found in Ì13,46 B sa, while the vast majority of mss (א A C D Ψ 0243 0278 33 1739 1881 Ï latt) add μέχρι τέλους βεβαίαν (mecri telou" bebaian, “secure until the end”). The external evidence for the omission, though minimal, has excellent credentials. Considering the internal factors, B. M. Metzger (TCGNT 595) finds it surprising that the feminine adjective βεβαίαν should modify the neuter noun καύχημα (kauchma, here translated “we take pride”), a fact that suggests that even the form of the word was borrowed from another place. Since the same phrase occurs at Heb 3:14, it is likely that later scribes added it here at Heb 3:6 in anticipation of Heb 3:14. While these words belong at 3:14, they seem foreign to 3:6. to our confidence and the hope we take pride in.#tn Grk “the pride of our hope.”
Exposition of Psalm 95: Hearing God’s Word in Faith
7 Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says,#sn The following quotation is from Ps 95:7b-11.
“Oh, that today you would listen as he speaks!#tn Grk “today if you hear his voice.”
8 “Do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion, in the day of testing in the wilderness.
9 “There your fathers tested me and tried me,#tn Grk “tested me by trial.” and they saw my works for forty years.
10 “Therefore, I became provoked at that generation and said, ‘Their hearts are always wandering#tn Grk “they are wandering in the heart.” and they have not known my ways.’
11 “As I swore in my anger, ‘They will never enter my rest!’”#tn Grk “if they shall enter my rest,” a Hebrew idiom expressing an oath that something will certainly not happen.
12 See to it,#tn Or “take care.” brothers and sisters,#tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 2:11. that none of you has#tn Grk “that there not be in any of you.” an evil, unbelieving heart that forsakes#tn Or “deserts,” “rebels against.” the living God.#tn Grk “in forsaking the living God.” 13 But exhort one another each day, as long as it is called “Today,” that none of you may become hardened by sin’s deception. 14 For we have become partners with Christ, if in fact we hold our initial confidence#tn Grk “the beginning of the confidence.” firm until the end. 15 As it says,#tn Grk “while it is said.” “Oh, that today you would listen as he speaks!#tn Grk “today if you hear his voice.” Do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion.”#sn A quotation from Ps 95:7b-8. 16 For which ones heard and rebelled? Was it not all who came out of Egypt under Moses’ leadership?#tn Grk “through Moses.” 17 And against whom was God#tn Grk “he”; in the translation the referent (God) has been specified for clarity. provoked for forty years? Was it not those who sinned, whose dead bodies fell in the wilderness?#sn An allusion to God’s judgment pronounced in Num 14:29, 32. 18 And to whom did he swear they would never enter into his rest, except those who were disobedient? 19 So#tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “So” to indicate a summary or conclusion to the argument of the preceding paragraph. we see that they could not enter because of unbelief.
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Hebrews 3
3
Jesus greater than Moses
1Therefore, holy brothers and sisters, who share in the heavenly calling, fix your thoughts on Jesus, whom we acknowledge as our apostle and high priest. 2He was faithful to the one who appointed him, just as Moses was faithful in all God’s house. 3Jesus has been found worthy of greater honour than Moses, just as the builder of a house has greater honour than the house itself. 4For every house is built by someone, but God is the builder of everything. 5‘Moses was faithful as a servant in all God’s house,’#3:5 Num. 12:7 bearing witness to what would be spoken by God in the future. 6But Christ is faithful as the Son over God’s house. And we are his house, if indeed we hold firmly to our confidence and the hope in which we glory.
Warning against unbelief
7So, as the Holy Spirit says:
‘Today, if you hear his voice,
8do not harden your hearts
as you did in the rebellion,
during the time of testing in the wilderness,
9where your ancestors tested and tried me,
though for forty years they saw what I did.
10That is why I was angry with that generation;
I said, “Their hearts are always going astray,
and they have not known my ways.”
11So I declared on oath in my anger,
“They shall never enter my rest.” ’#3:11 Psalm 95:7-11
12See to it, brothers and sisters, that none of you has a sinful, unbelieving heart that turns away from the living God. 13But encourage one another daily, as long as it is called ‘Today’, so that none of you may be hardened by sin’s deceitfulness. 14We have come to share in Christ, if indeed we hold our original conviction firmly to the very end. 15As has just been said:
‘Today, if you hear his voice,
do not harden your hearts
as you did in the rebellion.’#3:15 Psalm 95:7,8
16Who were they who heard and rebelled? Were they not all those Moses led out of Egypt? 17And with whom was he angry for forty years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose bodies perished in the wilderness? 18And to whom did God swear that they would never enter his rest if not to those who disobeyed? 19So we see that they were not able to enter, because of their unbelief.
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