1 Chronicles 19
19
David’s Campaign against the Ammonites
1 Later King Nahash of the Ammonites died and his son succeeded him. 2 David said, “I will express my loyalty#tn Heb “do loyalty.” to Hanun son of Nahash, for his father was loyal#tn Heb “did loyalty.” to me.” So David sent messengers to express his sympathy over his father’s death.#tn Heb “to console him concerning his father.” When David’s servants entered Ammonite territory to visit Hanun and express the king’s sympathy,#tn Heb “and the servants of David came to the land of the sons of Ammon to Hanun to console him.” 3 the Ammonite officials said to Hanun, “Do you really think David is trying to honor your father by sending these messengers to express his sympathy?#tn Heb “Is David honoring your father in your eyes when he sends to you ones consoling?” No, his servants have come to you so they can get information and spy out the land!”#tc Heb “Is it not to explore and to overturn and to spy out the land (that) his servants have come to you?” The Hebrew term לַהֲפֹךְ (lahafakh, “to overturn”) seems misplaced in the sequence. Some emend the form to לַחְפֹּר (lakhpor, “to spy out”). The sequence of three infinitives may be a conflation of alternative readings. 4 So Hanun seized David’s servants and shaved their beards off.#tn Heb “shaved them.” See v. 5. He cut off the lower part of their robes so that their buttocks were exposed#tn Heb “and he cut their robes in the middle unto the buttocks.” and then sent them away. 5 Messengers#tn Heb “they.” The logical referent, though not specified in the Hebrew text, has been supplied in the translation for clarity. came and told David what had happened to the men, so he summoned them, for the men were thoroughly humiliated. The king said, “Stay in Jericho#map For location see Map5-B2; Map6-E1; Map7-E1; Map8-E3; Map10-A2; Map11-A1. until your beards grow again; then you may come back.”
6 When the Ammonites realized that David was disgusted with them,#tn Heb “that they were a stench [i.e., disgusting] with David.” Hanun and the Ammonites sent 1,000 talents#tn The Hebrew word כִּכַּר (kikar, “circle”) refers generally to something that is round. When used of metals it can refer to a disk-shaped weight made of the metal or, by extension, to a standard unit of weight. According to the older (Babylonian) standard the “talent” weighed 130 lbs. (58.9 kg), but later this was lowered to 108.3 lbs. (49.1 kg). More recent research suggests the “light” standard talent was 67.3 lbs. (30.6 kg). Using this as the standard for calculation, the Ammonites hired chariots and charioteers for about 33.7 tons (30,600 kg) of silver. of silver to hire chariots and charioteers from Aram Naharaim, Aram Maacah, and Zobah.#tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:6 has “Aram Beth Rehob and Aram Zobah.” 7 They hired 32,000 chariots, along with the king of Maacah and his army, who came and camped in front of Medeba. The Ammonites also assembled from their cities and marched out to do battle.
8 When David heard the news, he sent Joab and the entire army to meet them.#tn The words “the news” and “to meet them” are added in the translation for stylistic reasons and for clarification. 9 The Ammonites marched out and were deployed for battle at the entrance to the city, while the kings who had come were by themselves in the field. 10 When Joab saw that the battle would be fought on two fronts, he chose some of Israel’s best men and deployed them against the Arameans.#tc The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:10 has “the Ammonites” in place of “the Arameans” here.tn Heb “and Joab saw that the face of the battle was to him before and behind and he chose from all the best in Israel and arranged to meet Aram.” 11 He put his brother Abishai in charge of the rest of the army and they were deployed against the Ammonites. 12 Joab#tn Heb “he”; the referent (Joab) has been specified in the translation for clarity. said, “If the Arameans start to overpower me,#tn Heb “if Aram is stronger than me.” you come to my rescue. If the Ammonites start to overpower you,#tn Heb “if the sons of Ammon are stronger than you.” I will come to your rescue. 13 Be strong! Let’s fight bravely for the sake of our people and the cities of our God! The Lord will do what he decides is best!”#tn Heb “and the Lord, what is good in his eyes, he will do.” 14 So Joab and his men#tn Heb “and the army which was with him.” marched toward the Arameans to do battle, and they fled before him. 15 When the Ammonites saw the Arameans flee, they fled before Joab’s#tn Heb “his”; the referent (Joab) has been specified in the translation for clarity. brother Abishai and withdrew into the city. Joab went back to Jerusalem.#map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
16 When the Arameans realized they had been defeated by Israel, they sent for reinforcements from beyond the Euphrates River,#tn Heb “the River,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity. led by Shophach the commanding general of Hadadezer’s army.#tn Heb “and Aram saw that they were struck down before Israel and they sent messengers and brought out Aram which is beyond the River, and Shophach the commander of the army of Hadadezer [was] before them.” 17 When David was informed, he gathered all Israel, crossed the Jordan River,#tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity. and marched against them.#tc The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:17 “he came to Helam.”tn Heb “and he came to them and was deployed against them.” David deployed his army against the Arameans for battle and they fought against him.#tn Heb “and David was deployed to meet Aram [for] battle and they fought with him.” 18 The Arameans fled before Israel. David killed 7,000#tc The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:18 has “seven hundred.” Aramean charioteers and 40,000 infantrymen; he also killed Shophach#tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:18 has the variant spelling “Shobach.” the commanding general. 19 When Hadadezer’s subjects saw they were defeated by Israel, they made peace with David and became his subjects. The Arameans were no longer willing to help the Ammonites.
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1 Chronicles 19
19
1After this also Nahash the King of the children of Ammon dyed, and his sonne reigned in his stead. 2And Dauid said, I will shew kindnesse vnto Hanun the sonne of Nahash, because his father shewed kindnesse vnto me. And Dauid sent messengers to comfort him for his father. So the seruants of Dauid came into the lande of the children of Ammon to Hanun to comfort him. 3And the princes of the children of Ammon said to Hanun, Thinkest thou that Dauid doeth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters vnto thee? Are not his seruants come to thee to search, to seeke and to spie out the land? 4Wherefore Hanun tooke Dauids seruants, and shaued them, and cut off their garments by the halfe vnto the buttocks, and sent them away. 5And there went certaine and tolde Dauid concerning the men: and he sent to meete them (for the men were exceedingly ashamed) and the King saide, Tarie at Iericho, vntill your beardes be growen: then returne. 6When the children of Ammon saw that they stanke in the sight of Dauid, then sent Hanun and the children of Ammon a thousande talents of siluer to hire them charets and horsemen out of Aram Naharaim and out of Aram Maachah, and out of Zobah. 7And they hired them two and thirty thousande charets, and the King of Maachah and his people, which came and pitched before Medeba: and the children of Ammon gathered themselues together from their cities, and came to the battell. 8And when Dauid heard, he sent Ioab and all the hoste of the valiant men. 9And the children of Ammon came out, and set their battell in aray at the gate of the citie. And the Kings that were come, were by them selues in the fielde. 10When Ioab saw that the front of the battel was against him before and behinde, then he chose out of all the choyse of Israel, and set him selfe in aray to meete the Aramites. 11And the rest of the people he deliuered vnto the hande of Abishai his brother, and they put them selues in aray against the children of Ammon. 12And he saide, If Aram be too strong for me, then thou shalt succour me: and if the children of Ammon preuaile against thee, then I wil succour thee. 13Be strong, and let vs shewe our selues valiant for our people, and for the cities of our God, and let the Lord doe that which is good in his owne sight. 14So Ioab and the people that was with him, came neere before the Aramites vnto the battel, and they fled before him. 15And when the children of Ammon sawe that the Aramites fled, they fled also before Abishai his brother, and entred into the citie: so Ioab came to Ierusalem. 16And when the Aramites sawe that they were discomfited before Israel, they sent messengers and caused the Aramites to come forth that were beyond the riuer: and Shophach the captaine of the hoste of Hadarezer went before them. 17And when it was shewed Dauid, he gathered all Israel, and went ouer Iorden, and came vnto them, and put him selfe in aray against them: And when Dauid had put him selfe in battel aray to meete the Aramites, they fought with him. 18But the Aramites fled before Israel, and Dauid destroyed of the Aramites seuen thousand charets, and fourtie thousand footemen, and killed Shophach the captaine of the hoste. 19And when the seruants of Hadarezer sawe that they fell before Israel, they made peace with Dauid, and serued him. And the Aramites would no more succour the children of Ammon.
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