Matthew 2
2
The Visit of the Wise Men
1 After Jesus was born in Bethlehem#map For location see Map5-B1; Map7-E2; Map8-E2; Map10-B4. in Judea, in the time#tn Grk âin the days.â of King Herod,#sn King Herod was Herod the Great, who ruled Palestine from 37 b.c. until he died in 4 b.c. He was known for his extensive building projects (including the temple in Jerusalem) and for his cruelty. wise men#sn The Greek term magi here describes a class of wise men and priests who were astrologers (L&N 32.40). from the East came to Jerusalem#map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4. 2 saying, âWhere is the one who is born king of the Jews? For we saw his star when it rose#tn Or âin its rising,â referring to the astrological significance of a star in a particular portion of the sky. The term used for the âEastâ in v. 1 is áŒÎœÎ±Ïολαί (anatolai, a plural form that is used typically of the rising of the sun), while in vv. 2 and 9 the singular áŒÎœÎ±ÏÎżÎ»áœ” (anatolh) is used. The singular is typically used of the rising of a star and as such should not normally be translated âin the eastâ (cf. BDAG 74 s.v. 1: âbecause of the sg. and the article in contrast to áŒÏ᜞ áŒÎœÎ±ÏÎżÎ»áż¶Îœ, vs. 1, [it is] prob. not a geograph. expr. like the latter, but rather astronomicalâŠlikew. vs. 9â). and have come to worship him.â 3 When King Herod#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. heard this he was alarmed, and all Jerusalem with him. 4 After assembling all the chief priests and experts in the law,#tn Or âand scribes of the people.â The traditional rendering of ÎłÏαΌΌαÏΔÏÏ (grammateu") as âscribeâ does not communicate much to the modern English reader, for whom the term might mean âprofessional copyist,â if it means anything at all. The people referred to here were recognized experts in the law of Moses and in traditional laws and regulations. Thus âexpert in the lawâ comes closer to the meaning for the modern reader. he asked them where the Christ#tn Or âMessiahâ; both âChristâ (Greek) and âMessiahâ (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean âone who has been anointed.âsn See the note on Christ in 1:16. was to be born. 5 âIn Bethlehem of Judea,â they said, âfor it is written this way by the prophet:
6 âAnd you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah,
are in no way least among the rulers of Judah,
for out of you will come a ruler who will shepherd my people Israel.ââ#sn A quotation from Mic 5:2.
7 Then Herod#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. privately summoned the wise men and determined from them when the star had appeared. 8 He#tn Here Îșαί (kai) has not been translated. sent them to Bethlehem and said, âGo and look carefully for the child. When you find him, inform me so that I can go and worship him as well.â 9 After listening to the king they left, and once again#tn Grk âand behold the star.â the star they saw when it rose#tn See the note on the word âroseâ in 2:2. led them until it stopped above the place where the child was. 10 When they saw the star they shouted joyfully.#tn Grk âthey rejoiced with very great joy.â 11 As they came into the house and saw the child with Mary his mother, they bowed down#tn Grk âthey fell down.â BDAG 815 s.v. ÏÎŻÏÏÏ 1.b.α.Ś has âfall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.â and worshiped him. They opened their treasure boxes and gave him gifts of gold, frankincense,#sn Frankincense refers to the aromatic resin of certain trees, used as a sweet-smelling incense (L&N 6.212). and myrrh.#sn Myrrh consisted of the aromatic resin of certain shrubs (L&N 6.208). It was used in preparing a corpse for burial. 12 After being warned in a dream not to return to Herod,#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. they went back by another route to their own country.
The Escape to Egypt
13 After they had gone, an#tn Grk âbehold, an angel.â The Greek word áŒ°ÎŽÎżÏ (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1). angel of the Lord#tn Or âthe angel of the Lord.â See the note on the word âLordâ in 1:20. appeared to Joseph in a dream and said, âGet up, take the child and his mother and flee to Egypt, and stay there until I tell you, for Herod#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. Herod the Great was particularly ruthless regarding the succession to his throne. is going to look for the child to kill him.â 14 Then he got up, took the child and his mother during#tn The feminine singular genitive noun ÎœÏ
ÎșÏÏÏ (nuktos, ânightâ) indicates the time during which the action of the main verb takes place (ExSyn 124). the night, and went to Egypt. 15 He stayed there until Herod#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. died. In this way what was spoken by the Lord through the prophet was fulfilled: âI called my Son out of Egypt.â#sn A quotation from Hos 11:1.
16 When Herod#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. Note the fulfillment of the prophecy given by the angel in 2:13. saw that he had been tricked by the wise men, he became enraged. He sent men#tn Or âsoldiers.â to kill all the children in Bethlehem#map For location see Map5-B1; Map7-E2; Map8-E2; Map10-B4. and throughout the surrounding region from the age of two and under, according to the time he had learned from the wise men. 17 Then what was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled:
18 âA voice was heard in Ramah,
weeping and loud wailing,#tc The LXX of Jer 38:15 (31:15 ET) has âlamentation, weeping, and loud wailingâ; most later mss (C D L W 0233 Ă13 33 Ă) have a quotation in Matthew which conforms to that of the LXX (ΞÏáżÎœÎżÏ Îșα᜶ ÎșλαÏ
ΞΌÏÏ Îșα᜶ áœÎŽÏ
ÏÎŒÏÏ; qrhno" kai klauqmo" kai odurmo"). But such assimilations were routine among the scribes; as such, they typically should be discounted because they are both predictable and motivated. The shorter reading, without âlamentation and,â is thus to be preferred, especially since it cannot easily be accounted for unless it is the original wording here. Further, it is found in the better mss along with a good cross-section of other witnesses (Ś B Z 0250 Ă1 pc lat co).
Rachel weeping for her children,
and she did not want to be comforted, because they were#tn Grk âareâ; the Greek text uses a present tense verb. gone.â#sn A quotation from Jer 31:15.
The Return to Nazareth
19 After Herod#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. When Herod the Great died in 4 b.c., his kingdom was divided up among his three sons: Archelaus, who ruled over Judea (where Bethlehem was located, v. 22); Philip, who became tetrarch of Iturea and Trachonitis (cf. Luke 3:1); and Antipas, who became tetrarch of Galilee. had died, an#tn Grk âbehold, an angel.â The Greek word áŒ°ÎŽÎżÏ (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1). angel of the Lord#tn Or âthe angel of the Lord.â See the note on the word âLordâ in 1:20. appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt 20 saying, âGet up, take the child and his mother, and go to the land of Israel, for those who were seeking the childâs life are dead.â 21 So#tn Here ÎŽÎ (de) has been translated as âsoâ to indicate the implied result of the angelâs instructions. he got up and took the child and his mother and returned to the land of Israel. 22 But when he heard that Archelaus#sn Archelaus took after his father Herod the Great in terms of cruelty and ruthlessness, so Joseph was afraid to go there. After further direction in a dream, he went instead to Galilee. was reigning over Judea in place of his father Herod,#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. he was afraid to go there. After being warned in a dream, he went to the regions of Galilee. 23 He came to a town called Nazareth#sn Nazareth was a very small village in the region of Galilee (Galilee lay north of Samaria and Judea). The town was located about 15 mi (25 km) west of the southern edge of the Sea of Galilee. According to Luke 1:26, Mary was living in Nazareth when the birth of Jesus was announced to her.map For location see Map1-D3; Map2-C2; Map3-D5; Map4-C1; Map5-G3. and lived there. Then what had been spoken by the prophets was fulfilled, that Jesus#tn There is no expressed subject of the third person singular verb here; the pronoun âheâ is implied. Instead of this pronoun the referent âJesusâ has been supplied in the text to clarify to whom this statement refers. would be called a Nazarene.#tn The Greek could be indirect discourse (as in the text), or direct discourse (âhe will be called a Nazareneâ). Judging by the difficulty of finding OT quotations (as implied in the plural âprophetsâ) to match the wording here, it appears that the author was using a current expression of scorn that conceptually (but not verbally) found its roots in the OT.
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Matthew 2
2
The Visit of the Wise Men
1 After Jesus was born in Bethlehem#map For location see Map5-B1; Map7-E2; Map8-E2; Map10-B4. in Judea, in the time#tn Grk âin the days.â of King Herod,#sn King Herod was Herod the Great, who ruled Palestine from 37 b.c. until he died in 4 b.c. He was known for his extensive building projects (including the temple in Jerusalem) and for his cruelty. wise men#sn The Greek term magi here describes a class of wise men and priests who were astrologers (L&N 32.40). from the East came to Jerusalem#map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4. 2 saying, âWhere is the one who is born king of the Jews? For we saw his star when it rose#tn Or âin its rising,â referring to the astrological significance of a star in a particular portion of the sky. The term used for the âEastâ in v. 1 is áŒÎœÎ±Ïολαί (anatolai, a plural form that is used typically of the rising of the sun), while in vv. 2 and 9 the singular áŒÎœÎ±ÏÎżÎ»áœ” (anatolh) is used. The singular is typically used of the rising of a star and as such should not normally be translated âin the eastâ (cf. BDAG 74 s.v. 1: âbecause of the sg. and the article in contrast to áŒÏ᜞ áŒÎœÎ±ÏÎżÎ»áż¶Îœ, vs. 1, [it is] prob. not a geograph. expr. like the latter, but rather astronomicalâŠlikew. vs. 9â). and have come to worship him.â 3 When King Herod#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. heard this he was alarmed, and all Jerusalem with him. 4 After assembling all the chief priests and experts in the law,#tn Or âand scribes of the people.â The traditional rendering of ÎłÏαΌΌαÏΔÏÏ (grammateu") as âscribeâ does not communicate much to the modern English reader, for whom the term might mean âprofessional copyist,â if it means anything at all. The people referred to here were recognized experts in the law of Moses and in traditional laws and regulations. Thus âexpert in the lawâ comes closer to the meaning for the modern reader. he asked them where the Christ#tn Or âMessiahâ; both âChristâ (Greek) and âMessiahâ (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean âone who has been anointed.âsn See the note on Christ in 1:16. was to be born. 5 âIn Bethlehem of Judea,â they said, âfor it is written this way by the prophet:
6 âAnd you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah,
are in no way least among the rulers of Judah,
for out of you will come a ruler who will shepherd my people Israel.ââ#sn A quotation from Mic 5:2.
7 Then Herod#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. privately summoned the wise men and determined from them when the star had appeared. 8 He#tn Here Îșαί (kai) has not been translated. sent them to Bethlehem and said, âGo and look carefully for the child. When you find him, inform me so that I can go and worship him as well.â 9 After listening to the king they left, and once again#tn Grk âand behold the star.â the star they saw when it rose#tn See the note on the word âroseâ in 2:2. led them until it stopped above the place where the child was. 10 When they saw the star they shouted joyfully.#tn Grk âthey rejoiced with very great joy.â 11 As they came into the house and saw the child with Mary his mother, they bowed down#tn Grk âthey fell down.â BDAG 815 s.v. ÏÎŻÏÏÏ 1.b.α.Ś has âfall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.â and worshiped him. They opened their treasure boxes and gave him gifts of gold, frankincense,#sn Frankincense refers to the aromatic resin of certain trees, used as a sweet-smelling incense (L&N 6.212). and myrrh.#sn Myrrh consisted of the aromatic resin of certain shrubs (L&N 6.208). It was used in preparing a corpse for burial. 12 After being warned in a dream not to return to Herod,#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. they went back by another route to their own country.
The Escape to Egypt
13 After they had gone, an#tn Grk âbehold, an angel.â The Greek word áŒ°ÎŽÎżÏ (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1). angel of the Lord#tn Or âthe angel of the Lord.â See the note on the word âLordâ in 1:20. appeared to Joseph in a dream and said, âGet up, take the child and his mother and flee to Egypt, and stay there until I tell you, for Herod#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. Herod the Great was particularly ruthless regarding the succession to his throne. is going to look for the child to kill him.â 14 Then he got up, took the child and his mother during#tn The feminine singular genitive noun ÎœÏ
ÎșÏÏÏ (nuktos, ânightâ) indicates the time during which the action of the main verb takes place (ExSyn 124). the night, and went to Egypt. 15 He stayed there until Herod#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. died. In this way what was spoken by the Lord through the prophet was fulfilled: âI called my Son out of Egypt.â#sn A quotation from Hos 11:1.
16 When Herod#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. Note the fulfillment of the prophecy given by the angel in 2:13. saw that he had been tricked by the wise men, he became enraged. He sent men#tn Or âsoldiers.â to kill all the children in Bethlehem#map For location see Map5-B1; Map7-E2; Map8-E2; Map10-B4. and throughout the surrounding region from the age of two and under, according to the time he had learned from the wise men. 17 Then what was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled:
18 âA voice was heard in Ramah,
weeping and loud wailing,#tc The LXX of Jer 38:15 (31:15 ET) has âlamentation, weeping, and loud wailingâ; most later mss (C D L W 0233 Ă13 33 Ă) have a quotation in Matthew which conforms to that of the LXX (ΞÏáżÎœÎżÏ Îșα᜶ ÎșλαÏ
ΞΌÏÏ Îșα᜶ áœÎŽÏ
ÏÎŒÏÏ; qrhno" kai klauqmo" kai odurmo"). But such assimilations were routine among the scribes; as such, they typically should be discounted because they are both predictable and motivated. The shorter reading, without âlamentation and,â is thus to be preferred, especially since it cannot easily be accounted for unless it is the original wording here. Further, it is found in the better mss along with a good cross-section of other witnesses (Ś B Z 0250 Ă1 pc lat co).
Rachel weeping for her children,
and she did not want to be comforted, because they were#tn Grk âareâ; the Greek text uses a present tense verb. gone.â#sn A quotation from Jer 31:15.
The Return to Nazareth
19 After Herod#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. When Herod the Great died in 4 b.c., his kingdom was divided up among his three sons: Archelaus, who ruled over Judea (where Bethlehem was located, v. 22); Philip, who became tetrarch of Iturea and Trachonitis (cf. Luke 3:1); and Antipas, who became tetrarch of Galilee. had died, an#tn Grk âbehold, an angel.â The Greek word áŒ°ÎŽÎżÏ (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1). angel of the Lord#tn Or âthe angel of the Lord.â See the note on the word âLordâ in 1:20. appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt 20 saying, âGet up, take the child and his mother, and go to the land of Israel, for those who were seeking the childâs life are dead.â 21 So#tn Here ÎŽÎ (de) has been translated as âsoâ to indicate the implied result of the angelâs instructions. he got up and took the child and his mother and returned to the land of Israel. 22 But when he heard that Archelaus#sn Archelaus took after his father Herod the Great in terms of cruelty and ruthlessness, so Joseph was afraid to go there. After further direction in a dream, he went instead to Galilee. was reigning over Judea in place of his father Herod,#sn See the note on King Herod in 2:1. he was afraid to go there. After being warned in a dream, he went to the regions of Galilee. 23 He came to a town called Nazareth#sn Nazareth was a very small village in the region of Galilee (Galilee lay north of Samaria and Judea). The town was located about 15 mi (25 km) west of the southern edge of the Sea of Galilee. According to Luke 1:26, Mary was living in Nazareth when the birth of Jesus was announced to her.map For location see Map1-D3; Map2-C2; Map3-D5; Map4-C1; Map5-G3. and lived there. Then what had been spoken by the prophets was fulfilled, that Jesus#tn There is no expressed subject of the third person singular verb here; the pronoun âheâ is implied. Instead of this pronoun the referent âJesusâ has been supplied in the text to clarify to whom this statement refers. would be called a Nazarene.#tn The Greek could be indirect discourse (as in the text), or direct discourse (âhe will be called a Nazareneâ). Judging by the difficulty of finding OT quotations (as implied in the plural âprophetsâ) to match the wording here, it appears that the author was using a current expression of scorn that conceptually (but not verbally) found its roots in the OT.
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:
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1996 - 2007 by Biblical Studies Press, LLC