Ruka 2:1-35
Ruka 2:1-35 Bhaibheri Dzvene MuChiShona Chanhasi (BDSC)
Mumazuva iwayo Kesari Ogasitasi akapa chirevo chokuti vagari vose venyika dzose dzaitongwa neRoma vaverengwe. Uku ndiko kwaiva kuverengwa kwokutanga kwakaitwa panguva yaKuriniasi paakanga ari mubati weSiria. Uye mumwe nomumwe akaenda kuguta rake kuti andonyoresa. Saka Josefawo akakwidza achibva kuguta reNazareta muGarirea achienda kuJudhea, kuBheterehema guta raDhavhidhi nokuti akanga ari weimba yaDhavhidhi neworudzi rwake. Akaenda ikoko kundonyoresa naMaria, waakanga atsidzira kuzowanana naye uye akanga ava napamuviri. Vachiri ikoko, nguva yokuzvarwa kwomwana yakasvika, akazvara dangwe rake, mwanakomana. Akamuputira nemicheka akamuisa muchidyiro chezvipfuwo, nokuti muimba yavaeni makanga musisina nzvimbo yavo. Uye kwakanga kuna vafudzi vakanga vachigara kumafuro aiva pedyo naikoko, vachichengeta makwai avo usiku. Mutumwa waShe akazviratidza kwavari, uye kubwinya kwaJehovha kwakavakomberedza, uye vakatya kwazvo. Asi mutumwa akati kwavari, “Musatya. Ndauya nenhau dzakanaka dzomufaro mukuru uchava wavanhu vose. Nhasi muguta raDhavhidhi mazvarwa Muponesi; ndiye Kristu Ishe. Ichi ndicho chichava chiratidzo kwamuri: Muchawana mwana akaputirwa nemicheka uye avete muchidyiro chezvipfuwo.” Pakarepo hondo huru yokudenga yakaonekwa pamwe chete nomutumwa vachirumbidza Mwari vachiti: “Mwari ngaarumbidzwe kumusoro-soro, uye rugare panyika nokuvanhu vaanofarira.” Vatumwa vakati vabva kwavari uye vaenda kudenga, vafudzi vakataurirana vachiti, “Handei kuBheterehema tindoona chinhu chaitika ichi, chataudzwa nezvacho naShe.” Saka vakakurumidza kusimuka vakaenda vakandowana Maria naJosefa, nomwana, akanga avete muchidyiro chezvipfuwo. Vakati vamuona, vakaparadzira shoko maererano nezvakanga zvataurwa pamusoro pomwana uyu, uye vose vakazvinzwa vakashamiswa nezvavakataurirwa navafudzi. Asi Maria akachengeta zvinhu zvose izvi akazvifungisisa mumwoyo make. Vafudzi vakadzokera vachikudza nokurumbidza Mwari pamusoro pezvinhu zvose zvavakanga vanzwa uye zvavakaona, zvakanga zvakangoita sezvavakanga vataurirwa. Pazuva rorusere, nguva yokudzingiswa kwake yasvika, akatumidzwa zita rokuti Jesu, zita raakanga apiwa nomutumwa asati aumbwa mudumbu. Nguva yokuzvinatsa kwavo maererano noMurayiro waMozisi yakati yakwana, Josefa naMaria vakaenda naye kuJerusarema kundomukumikidza kuna She sezvazvakanyorwa muMurayiro waShe, kuti “Mwanakomana wose wedangwe anofanira kutsaurirwa Ishe,” uye kuti vabayire chibayiro maererano nezvinorehwa muMurayiro waShe zvichinzi: “njiva mbiri kana hangaiwa duku mbiri.” Zvino kwakanga kuno murume aiva muJerusarema ainzi Simeoni, akanga akarurama uye aida Mwari. Akanga akamirira kunyaradzwa kwavaIsraeri, uye Mweya Mutsvene waiva pamusoro pake. Zvakanga zvaratidzwa naMweya Mutsvene kuti haaizofa asati aona Muzodziwa waShe. Akapinda mutemberi achisundwa noMweya Mutsvene. Vabereki vakati vauya nomwana Jesu kuti vazoita kwaari tsika yaidiwa noMurayiro, Simeoni akamubata mumaoko ake akarumbidza Mwari achiti: “Ishe Tenzi, sezvamakavimbisa, zvino chiendesai henyu muranda wenyu norugare. Nokuti meso angu aona ruponeso rwenyu, rwamakagadzirira pamberi pavanhu vose, chiedza chinovhenekera veDzimwe Ndudzi uye nokukudzwa kwavanhu venyu Israeri.” Baba namai vomwana vakashamiswa nezvakataurwa pamusoro pake. Ipapo Simeoni akavaropafadza akati kuna Maria, mai vake, “Mwana uyu achaita kuti kuve nokuwa nokumutswa kwavazhinji muIsraeri, uye achava chiratidzo chicharambwa, kuitira kuti ndangariro dzemwoyo mizhinji dzigoratidzwa. Uye munondo uchabayawo mwoyo wako pachako.”
Ruka 2:1-35 Shona Bible 1949, revised 2002 (SNA2002)
Zvino namazuva iwayo chirevo chakaitwa naKesari Augusto, kuti nyika yose inyorwe mazita. Uku ndokwaiva kunyorwa kwokutanga, kwakaitwa Kuriniosi ari mubati weSiria. Vanhu vose vakaenda kundonyorwa, mumwe nomumwe kuguta rake. NaJosefawo akabva Gariria, muguta reNazareta, akaenda Judhea, kuguta raDhavhidhi, rinonzi Bheterehemu, nokuti aiva weimba yaDhavhidhi, noworudzi rwake; kuti anyorwe naMaria, wakanga arooorwa, ava napamuviri. Zvino vakati varipo, mazuva okusununguka kwake akasvika; akasununguka dangwe rake mwanakomana, akamuputira nemicheka, akamuvanzarika muchidyiro chezvipfuwo, nokuti vakashaiwa nzvimbo mumba mavaeni. Zvino kwakanga kuna vafudzi munyika iyo, vaigara kuhuragu vachirinda mapoka avo usiku. Mutumwa waIshe akamira navo, nokubwinya kwaIshe kukavakomba, vakatya nokutya kukuru. Ipapo mutumwa akati kwavari, “Musatya; nokuti tarirai, ndinokuparidzirai mashoko omufaro mukuru, uchava wavanhu vose; nokuti nhasi mazvarirwa muguta raDhavhidhi Muponesi, ndiye Kristu Ishe. Ichi ndicho chiratidzo kwamuri, muchandowana mwana mucheche, akaputirwa nemicheka, avete muchidyiro chezvipfuwo.” Ipapo kamwe-kamwe kukavapo pamwechete nomutumwa, vazhinji vehondo yokudenga, vachirumbidza Mwari, vachiti, “Mwari ngaarumbidzwe kumusoro, Norugare ngaruve navanhu vaanofarira.” Zvino vatumwa vakati vabva kwavari, vaenda kudenga, vafudzi vakataurirana, vachiti, “Ngatiende hedu Bheterehemu, tindoona chinhu ichi chakaitwa; chatakaziviswa naIshe.” Ipapo vakakurumidza kuenda, vakawana Maria naJosefa, nomwana mucheche avete muchidyiro chezvipfuwo. Vakati vaona, vakazivisa kwose shoko ravakanga vaudzwa rezvomwana uyo. Vose vakanzwa vakashamiswa nezvavakaudzwa navafudzi. Asi Maria akachengeta mashoko iwayo ose, achifungisisa mumwoyo make. Zvino vafudzi vakadzokera kwakare, vachikudza nokurumbidza Mwari pamusoro pezvose zvavakanzwa nezvavakaona, sezvavakanga vaudzwa. Mazuva masere akati apfuura, musi wokudzingiswa wasvika, vakatumidza zita rake Jesu, iro raakanga atumidzwa nomutumwa, asati agamuchirwa mudumbu ramai. Zvino mazuva okuzvinatsa kwavo nomurayiro waMosesi akati apera, vakaenda naye Jerusaremu, kuti vamuise pamberi paIshe; sezvazvakanyorwa pamurayiro waIshe, zvichinzi, “Mwanarume mumwe nomumwe anotanga kuzarura chizvaro, achanzi mutsvene waIshe,” uye kubayira chibayiro; sezvazvakarehwa pamurayiro waIshe, zvinoti, njiva mbiri, kana hangaiwa mbiri duku. Zvino, kwakanga kune munhu paJerusaremu, ainzi Simioni; aiva munhu akarurama aida Mwari, aitarira kunyaradzwa kwavaIsiraeri; noMweya Mutsvene wakanga anaye. Iye akanga aratidzwa noMweya Mutsvene, kuti haangaoni rufu, asati aona Kristu waIshe. Iye akauya mutemberi achifambirwa noMweya; zvino vabereki vakati vachiuya nomwana Jesu, kuti vaite naye nomutoo womurayiro, akamubata mumaoko ake akarumbidza Mwari, achiti, “Zvino, Tenzi, muranda wenyu ngaaende hake Norugare sezvamakareva; Nokuti meso angu aona ruponeso rwenyu, Rwamakagadzira pamberi pavanhu vose; Chiedza chokuvhenekera vahedheni, Nokurumbidzwa kwavanhu venyu vaIsiraeri.” Baba vake namai vake vakashamiswa nezvakarehwa pamusoro pake. Ipapo Simioni akavaropafadzwa, akati kuna Maria, mai vake, “Tarira, mwana uyu akaisirwa kuwa nokumuka kwavazhinji pakati pavaIsiraeri, chichava chiratidzo chicharambwa; uye munondo uchabaya mweya wakowo; kuti ndangariro dzemwoyo mizhinji dzizikanwe.”
Ruka 2:1-35 Bhaibhiri Idzva rechiShona rine Dhuterokanonika (SCLBD)
Namazuva iwayo kwakatemwa chirevo chakabva kuna Siza Agusuto, chokuti vanhu vapasi pose vanyorwe mazita avo. Uku ndiko kwaiva kunyorwa kwamazita kwokutanga kwakaitwa Kwiriniosi ari mutongi weSiria. Vanhu vose vakaenda kundonyorwa mumwe nomumwe kuguta rokwake. Zvino Josefi akabvawo Garirea muguta reNazareti achikwira kuJudhea kuguta raDhavhidhi rinonzi Bheterehemu, nokuti aiva wemba nowedzinza raDhavhidhi. Akaenda kundonyorwa iye naMaria waakanga achangobva mukuroora, akangawo ava napamuviri. Vachiri ikoko, mazuva ake okuti asununguke akakwana. Akasununguka dangwe rake, romwana mukomana waakaputira namachira ndokumuradzika muchidyiro chezvipfuwo, nokuti vakanga vashaya nzvimbo muimba yavaeni. Mudunhu iroro makanga muina vafudzi kumafuro vairindira zvipfuwo zvavo usiku. Zvino mutumwa waTenzi akazviratidza kwavari. Kupenya kwaTenzi kukavakomberedza vakabva vabatwa nokutya kukuru. Asi mutumwa akati kwavari, “Regai henyu kutya nokuti ndakuunzirai shoko rakanaka rorufaro rukuru ruchava rwavanhu vose. Nokuti nhasi uno, muguta raDhavhidhi, mazvarirwa Muponesi, ndiye Kristu Tenzi. Chiratidzo chamuchamuziva nacho ndechichi chokuti muchandowana mucheche akaputirwa namachira akaradzikwa muchidyiro chezvipfuwo.” Pakarepo boka guru rehondo yedenga rakamira pamwe nomutumwa vachirumbidza Mwari vachiti, “Mbiri kuna Mwari kumusorosoro, pasi pano rugare ruve kuvanhu vaanofarira.” Kuzoti vatumwa vaye vabva pavari, vachienda kudenga, vafudzi vakataurirana vachiti, “Handei kuBheterehemu tindoona zvaitika izvi zvataziviswa naTenzi.” Vakaenda vachikurumidza vakasvikowana Maria naJosefi, uyezve mucheche arere muchidyiro chezvipfuwo. Kuzoti vafudzi vaona mwana vakatanga kurondedzera zvavakanga vataurirwa nezvemwana uyu. Vose vakanzwa izvi vakashamiswa kwazvo nezvavakataurirwa navafudzi. Asi Maria akapfundira zvinhu zvose izvi mumwoyo make achinyatsozvifungisisa. Vafudzi vakadzokera vachikudza nokurumbidza Mwari pamusoro pazvose zvavakanga vanzwa nezvavakaona sokuudzwa kwavakaitwa. Mushure memazuva masere, pakadzingiswa mwana, akatumidzwa zita rokuti Jesu, ndiro zita riya raakapiwa nomutumwa, amai vake vasati vava napamuviri pake. Kuzoti nguva yokuchenurwa kwavo yakwana, vakakwira nomwana kuJerusaremu kundomusuma kuna Tenzi sezvaidikanwa nomutemo waMosesi. Sezvazvakanyorwa muMutemo waTenzi kuti, “Dangwe rose rechikomana rinotanga kubuda mudumbu raamai varo richanzi rakaturirwa Tenzi.” Vakaendawo kundopira mupiro wechibayiro chenjiva mbiri kana hangaiwa mbiri diki sokurehwa kwazvakaitwa nomutemo waTenzi. Zvino muJerusaremu maiva nomumwe murume ainzi Simeoni. Akanga ari munhu akarurama anotya Mwari, uye akanga achitarisira kunyaradzwa kweIsiraeri. Mweya Mutsvene akanga ari paari. Munhu iyeyu akanga aziviswa naMweya Mutsvene, kuti haazofi asati aona Mesia waTenzi. Afemerwa naMweya, akapinda muTemberi. Vabereki zvavakauisa mwana Jesu kuzomuitira zviya zvaigaroitwa zviri muMutemo akatora mwana akamubata mumaoko, akarumbidza Mwari achiti; “Tenzi mungachirega muranda wenyu zvino achienda norugare, sokureva kwenyu, nokuti meso angu aona ruponeso rwenyu, rwamakagadzirira kuti ruonekwe nendudzi dzose dzavanhu. Mwenje wokuvhenekera vechirudzi nomukurumbira wavanhu venyu vaIsiraeri.” Baba vake naamai vake vakashamiswa vachinzwa zvakataurwa nezvake. Zvino Simeoni akavakomborera ndokuti kuna Maria amai vake, “Chinzwai, mwana uyu akasarudzirwa kuputsika nokumuka kwavazhinji muIsiraeri nokuvazve chiratidzo chichapikiswa.” Chichaita kuti pfungwa dziri mumwoyo yavazhinji dzizivikanwe. Nemiwo mwoyo wenyu uchabaiwa nebakatwa.
Ruka 2:1-35 Baiberi Magwaro Matȿene aMŋari 1949 (Doke) (SUB1949)
Ɀino namazuʋa iwayo cireʋo cakaitwa naKesari Augusto, kuti nyika yose inyorwe mazita. Uku ndokwaiʋa kunyorwa kwokutaŋga, kwakaitwa Kuriniosi ari muɓati weSiria. Ʋanhu ʋose ʋakaenda kundonyorwa, mumŋe nomumŋe kuguta rake. NaJosefa ʋo wakabva Garirea, muguta reNazareta, akaenda Judea, kuguta raDavidi, rinonzi Betrehema, nokuti waiʋa weimba yaDavidi, noworudzi rwake; kuti anyorwe naMaria, wakaŋga anyeŋgwa naye, aʋa nemimba. Ɀino ʋakati ʋari’po, mazuʋa okuɀara kwake akaȿika; akaɀara ɗaŋgwe rake mŋanakomana, akamuputira nemiceka, akamuʋanzarika mucidyiro ceɀipfuwo, nokuti ʋakashaiwa nɀimbo mumba maʋaeni. Ɀino kwakaŋga kunaʋafudzi munyika iyo, ʋaigara kuʋuragu ʋacirinda mapoka aʋo ʋusiku. Mutumŋa waShe akamira naʋo, nokubginya kwaShe kukaʋakomba, ʋakatya nokutya kukuru. Ipapo mutumŋa akati kwaʋari: Musatya; nokuti tarirai, ndinokuparidzirai mashoko omufaro mukuru, ucaʋa waʋanhu ʋose; nokuti nhasi maɀarirwa muguta raDavidi Muponesi, ndiye Kristu Ishe. Ici ndico ciratidzo kwamuri: Mucandowana rushiye, rwakaputirwa nemiceka, ruʋete mucidyiro ceɀipfuwo. Ipapo kamŋe‐kamŋe kukaʋa’po pamŋe cete nomutumŋa, ʋazhinji ʋehondo yokuɗeŋga, ʋacirumbidza Mŋari, ʋaciti: Mŋari ŋgaarumbidzwe kumsoro‐soro, Norugare ŋgaruʋe naʋanhu ʋaanofarira. Ɀino ʋatumŋa ʋakati ʋabva kwaʋari, ʋaenda kuɗeŋga, ʋafudzi ʋakataurirana, ʋaciti: Ŋgatiende heɗu Betrehema, tindoʋona cinhu ici cakaitwa, catakaziʋiswa naShe. Ipapo ʋakakurumidza kuenda, ʋakawana Maria naJosefa, norushiye ruʋete mucidyiro ceɀipfuwo. Ʋakati ʋaʋona, ʋakaziʋisa kwose shoko raʋakaŋga ʋaʋudzwa romŋana uyo. Ʋose ʋakanzwa ʋakashamiswa neɀaʋakaʋudzwa naʋafudzi. Asi Maria wakaceŋgeta mashoko iwayo ose, aciafuŋgisisa mumŋoyo make. Ɀino ʋafudzi ʋakadzokera kwakare, ʋacikudza nokurumbidza Mŋari pamsoro peɀose ɀaʋakanzwa neɀaʋakaʋona, seɀaʋakaŋga ʋaʋudzwa. Mazuʋa masere akati apfuʋura, musi wokudziŋgiswa waȿika, ʋakatumidza zita rake Jesu, iro raakaŋga atumidzwa nomutumŋa, asati agamucirwa muɗumbu ramai. Ɀino mazuʋa okuɀinatsa kwaʋo nomurairo waMosesi akati apera, ʋakaenda naye Jerusarema, kuti ʋamuise pamberi paShe; (seɀaɀakanyorwa pamurairo waShe, ɀicinzi: Mŋanarume mumŋe nomumŋe unotaŋga kuzarura ciɀaro, ucanzi mutȿene waShe), ʋuye kuɓayira ciɓayiro; seɀaɀakarebga pamurairo waShe, ɀinoti, njiʋa mbiri, kana haŋgaiʋa mbiri ɗuku. Ɀino, kwakaŋga kunomunhu paJerusarema, wainzi Simeoni; waiʋa munhu wakarurama waiɗa Mŋari, waitarira kunyaradzwa kwaʋaIsraeri; noMŋeya Mutȿene wakaŋga anaye. Iye wakaŋga aratidzwa noMŋeya Mutȿene, kuti haaŋgaʋoni rufu, asati aʋona Kristu waShe. Iye wakaʋuya mutembere noMŋeya; ɀino ʋaɓereki ʋakati ʋaciʋuya nomŋana Jesu, kuti ʋaite naye nomutoʋo womurairo, akamuɓata mumaʋoko ake akarumbidza Mŋari, aciti: Ɀino, Tenzi, muranda wenyu ŋgaaende hake Norugare seɀamakareʋa; Nokuti meso aŋgu aʋona ruponeso rwenyu, Rwamakagadzira pamberi paʋanhu ʋose; Ciedza cokuvenekera ʋahedeni, Nokurumbidzwa kwaʋanhu ʋenyu ʋaIsraeri. Ƃaɓa ʋake namai ʋake ʋakashamiswa neɀakarebga pamsoro pake. Ipapo Simeoni akaʋaropafadza, akati kunaMaria, mai ʋake: Tarira, mŋana uyu wakaisirwa kuwa nokumuka kwaʋazhinji pakati paʋaIsraeri, cicaʋa ciratidzo cicarambga; ʋuye munondo ucaɓaya mŋeya wako ʋo; kuti ndaŋgariro dzemŋoyo mizhinji dzizikanwe.
Ruka 2:1-35 Bhaibhiri Idzva rechiShona (SCLB)
Namazuva iwayo kwakatemwa chirevo chakabva kuna Siza Agusuto, chokuti vanhu vapasi pose vanyorwe mazita avo. Uku ndiko kwaiva kunyorwa kwamazita kwokutanga kwakaitwa Kwiriniosi ari mutongi weSiria. Vanhu vose vakaenda kundonyorwa mumwe nomumwe kuguta rokwake. Zvino Josefi akabvawo Garirea muguta reNazareti achikwira kuJudhea kuguta raDhavhidhi rinonzi Bheterehemu, nokuti aiva wemba nowedzinza raDhavhidhi. Akaenda kundonyorwa iye naMaria waakanga achangobva mukuroora, akangawo ava napamuviri. Vachiri ikoko, mazuva ake okuti asununguke akakwana. Akasununguka dangwe rake, romwana mukomana waakaputira namachira ndokumuradzika muchidyiro chezvipfuwo, nokuti vakanga vashaya nzvimbo muimba yavaeni. Mudunhu iroro makanga muina vafudzi kumafuro vairindira zvipfuwo zvavo usiku. Zvino mutumwa waTenzi akazviratidza kwavari. Kupenya kwaTenzi kukavakomberedza vakabva vabatwa nokutya kukuru. Asi mutumwa akati kwavari, “Regai henyu kutya nokuti ndakuunzirai shoko rakanaka rorufaro rukuru ruchava rwavanhu vose. Nokuti nhasi uno, muguta raDhavhidhi, mazvarirwa Muponesi, ndiye Kristu Tenzi. Chiratidzo chamuchamuziva nacho ndechichi chokuti muchandowana mucheche akaputirwa namachira akaradzikwa muchidyiro chezvipfuwo.” Pakarepo boka guru rehondo yedenga rakamira pamwe nomutumwa vachirumbidza Mwari vachiti, “Mbiri kuna Mwari kumusorosoro, pasi pano rugare ruve kuvanhu vaanofarira.” Kuzoti vatumwa vaye vabva pavari, vachienda kudenga, vafudzi vakataurirana vachiti, “Handei kuBheterehemu tindoona zvaitika izvi zvataziviswa naTenzi.” Vakaenda vachikurumidza vakasvikowana Maria naJosefi, uyezve mucheche arere muchidyiro chezvipfuwo. Kuzoti vafudzi vaona mwana vakatanga kurondedzera zvavakanga vataurirwa nezvemwana uyu. Vose vakanzwa izvi vakashamiswa kwazvo nezvavakataurirwa navafudzi. Asi Maria akapfundira zvinhu zvose izvi mumwoyo make achinyatsozvifungisisa. Vafudzi vakadzokera vachikudza nokurumbidza Mwari pamusoro pazvose zvavakanga vanzwa nezvavakaona sokuudzwa kwavakaitwa. Mushure memazuva masere, pakadzingiswa mwana, akatumidzwa zita rokuti Jesu, ndiro zita riya raakapiwa nomutumwa, amai vake vasati vava napamuviri pake. Kuzoti nguva yokuchenurwa kwavo yakwana, vakakwira nomwana kuJerusaremu kundomusuma kuna Tenzi sezvaidikanwa nomutemo waMosesi. Sezvazvakanyorwa muMutemo waTenzi kuti, “Dangwe rose rechikomana rinotanga kubuda mudumbu raamai varo richanzi rakaturirwa Tenzi.” Vakaendawo kundopira mupiro wechibayiro chenjiva mbiri kana hangaiwa mbiri diki sokurehwa kwazvakaitwa nomutemo waTenzi. Zvino muJerusaremu maiva nomumwe murume ainzi Simeoni. Akanga ari munhu akarurama anotya Mwari, uye akanga achitarisira kunyaradzwa kweIsiraeri. Mweya Mutsvene akanga ari paari. Munhu iyeyu akanga aziviswa naMweya Mutsvene, kuti haazofi asati aona Mesia waTenzi. Afemerwa naMweya, akapinda muTemberi. Vabereki zvavakauisa mwana Jesu kuzomuitira zviya zvaigaroitwa zviri muMutemo akatora mwana akamubata mumaoko, akarumbidza Mwari achiti; “Tenzi mungachirega muranda wenyu zvino achienda norugare, sokureva kwenyu, nokuti meso angu aona ruponeso rwenyu, rwamakagadzirira kuti ruonekwe nendudzi dzose dzavanhu. Mwenje wokuvhenekera vechirudzi nomukurumbira wavanhu venyu vaIsiraeri.” Baba vake naamai vake vakashamiswa vachinzwa zvakataurwa nezvake. Zvino Simeoni akavakomborera ndokuti kuna Maria amai vake, “Chinzwai, mwana uyu akasarudzirwa kuputsika nokumuka kwavazhinji muIsiraeri nokuvazve chiratidzo chichapikiswa.” Chichaita kuti pfungwa dziri mumwoyo yavazhinji dzizivikanwe. Nemiwo mwoyo wenyu uchabaiwa nebakatwa.