Jeremiah 25
25
Seventy Years of Servitude
1The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the people of Judah in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, the king of Judah, that was the first year of Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, 2which Jeremiah the prophet spoke to all the people of Judah and to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying,#Literally “to say” 3“From the thirteenth year of Josiah, the son of Amon, the king of Judah, even up to this day, these twenty-three years#Hebrew “year” the word of Yahweh has come to me, and I have spoken to you over and over again,#Literally “I have spoken to you doing early and speaking” but you have not listened. 4And though Yahweh has sent all his servants the prophets to you over and over again#Literally “do early and sending” you have not listened, and you have not inclined your ear to hear, 5saying,#Literally “to say” ‘Turn back please, each one from his evil way, and from the evil of your deeds, and live on the land that Yahweh has given to you and to your ancestors#Or “fathers” from a long time back and until forever, 6and you must not go after other gods to serve them, and to bow in worship to them, and you must not provoke me to anger with the work of your hands, then I will not do something bad to you.’ 7‘Yet you have not listened to me,’ declares#Literally “a declaration of” Yahweh, ‘so that you#Hebrew “they” have provoked me to anger with the work of your hands for your own harm.’
8Therefore#Literally “To thus” thus says Yahweh of hosts, ‘Because you have not obeyed my words, 9look, I am going to send and take all the clans#Or “families” of the north,’ declares#Literally “a declaration of” Yahweh, ‘and I will send#Here the subject and verb are supplied from context in the English translation to Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, my servant, and I will bring them against this land, and against its inhabitants, and against all these nations all around, and I will destroy them, and I will make them a horror, and an object of hissing, and everlasting ruins.#Literally “sites of ruins of eternity” 10And I will exterminate from them the sound of jubilation, and the sound of joy, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride, the sound of the millstones, and the light of the lamp. 11And all this land will become a site of ruins, a desolation, and these nations will serve the king of Babylon seventy years.#Hebrew “year”
The Cup of Wrath
12And then#Literally “And it will happen” when the seventy years#Hebrew “year” are fulfilled, I will punish the king of Babylon and that nation,’ declares#Literally “a declaration of” Yahweh, ‘for their iniquity, and the land of the Chaldeans, and I will make it an everlasting waste.#Literally “a waste of eternity” 13And I will bring upon that land all my words that I have spoken against it, everything that is written in this scroll which Jeremiah prophesied against all the nations. 14For many nations and great kings will let them work, even them, and I will repay them according to their deeds, and according to the work of their hands.’ ” 15For thus said Yahweh, the God of Israel, to me, “Take this cup of the wine of wrath from my hand, and you must give it to all the nations to whom I am sending you to drink. 16And they will drink, and they will stagger, and they will act like madmen because of the presence#Literally “face” of the sword that I am sending among them.”
17So I took the cup from the hand of Yahweh and I gave it#Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation to all the nations to whom Yahweh sent me to drink: 18Jerusalem and the towns of Judah, and its kings, and its officials, to make them a site of ruins, a horror, an object of hissing, and a curse, as it is this day; 19Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, and his servants, and his officials, and all his people; 20and all the other#Or “foreign” people; and all the kings of the land of Uz; and all the kings of the land of the Philistines—#Hebrew “Philistine”Ashkelon, and Gaza, and Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod; 21Edom, and Moab, and the Ammonites;#Literally “sons of Ammon” 22and all the kings of Tyre, and all the kings of Sidon, and the kings of the coastland that is across the sea; 23and Dedan, and Tema, and Buz, and all those who are trimmed to the side; 24and all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the other#Or “foreign” people who dwell in the desert;#Or “wilderness” 25and all the kings of Zimri, and all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of Media; 26and all the kings of the north, near and far, each one to his brother, and all the kingdoms of the world that are on the face of the earth; and the king of Sheshach, he will drink after them.
27“And you shall say to them, ‘Thus says Yahweh of hosts, the God of Israel, “Drink and become drunk, and vomit, and fall, and you must not rise because of the presence#Literally “face” of the sword that I am sending among you.” ’ 28And it will happen, if they refuse to take the cup from your hand to drink, then you shall say to them, ‘Thus says Yahweh of hosts, “You must certainly drink! 29For look, on the city that is called by#Literally “on it” my name I am beginning to inflict harm, and you indeed, will you go unpunished? You will not go unpunished, for I am summoning a sword against all the inhabitants of the earth,” declares#Literally “a declaration of” Yahweh of hosts.’
30And you yourself shall prophesy against them all these words, and you shall say to them:
‘Yahweh will roar from on high,
and from his holy dwelling place#Literally “the dwelling place of his holiness” he will give his voice.
He will roar mightily against his settlement,
a jubilant shout like those who tread grapes,
he will answer against all the inhabitants of the earth.
31The rage of battle will resound to the end of the earth,
for there is a lawsuit of Yahweh against the nations.
He is entering into judgment with all wicked flesh,
he will give them to the sword,’ declares#Literally “a declaration of” Yahweh.”
32Thus says Yahweh of hosts,
“Look, disaster is going out from nation to nation,
and a great tempest is stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth.
33And the slain ones of Yahweh will be on that day
from one end of the earth to the other end of the earth,
and they will not be mourned,
and they will not be gathered,
and they will not be buried.
They will become like dung on the surface#Literally “face” of the ground.
34Wail, you shepherds, and cry out.
And roll about in mourning in the dust, O leaders#Or “nobles” of the flock.
For your days of slaughter and your dispersions have arrived,
and you will fall like a vessel of desire.
35And flight will perish from the shepherds,
and escape from the leaders#Or “nobles” of the flock.
36A sound, the cry of distress of the shepherds
and the wailing of the leaders#Or “nobles” of the flock,
for Yahweh is despoiling their pasture.
37And the peaceful settlements#Literally “settlements of the peace” are devastated
because of the burning anger of Yahweh.#Literally “the blaze of the nose of Yahweh”
38He has left his den like a lion,
for their land has become a horror,
because of the anger of the oppressors,
and because of his burning anger.”#Literally “the blaze of his nose”
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Jeremiah 25: LEB
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Jeremiah 25
25
Seventy Years of Exile. 1The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the people of Judah, in the fourth year of Jehoiakim,#The fourth year of Jehoiakim: 605 B.C. Officially, the first year of Nebuchadnezzar began the following year; but as early as his victory over Egypt at Carchemish in 605, Nebuchadnezzar wielded dominant power in the Near East. Jeremiah saw in him the fulfillment of his prophecy of the enemy to come from the north (cf. 1:13; 6:22–24). In vv. 11–12 the prophecy of the seventy years’ exile occurs for the first time; cf. 29:10. This number signifies that the present generation must die out; cf. forty in the exodus tradition (Nm 14:20–23). son of Josiah, king of Judah (the first year of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon).#Jer 36:1. 2This word the prophet Jeremiah spoke to all the people of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem: 3Since the thirteenth year of Josiah, son of Amon, king of Judah, to this day—that is, twenty-three years—the word of the Lord has come to me and I spoke to you untiringly, but you would not listen.#Jer 1:2. 4The Lord kept sending you all his servants the prophets,#2 Chr 36:15. but you refused to listen or pay attention 5to this message: Turn back, each of you, from your evil way and from your evil deeds; then you shall remain in the land which the Lord gave you and your ancestors, from of old and forever. 6Do not follow other gods to serve and bow down to them; do not provoke me with the works of your hands, or I will bring evil upon you.#Jer 7:6–7. 7But you would not listen to me—oracle of the Lord—and so you provoked me with the works of your hands to your own harm.#Jer 7:17–19. 8Hence, thus says the Lord of hosts: Since you would not listen to my words, 9I am about to send for and fetch all the tribes from the north—oracle of the Lord—and I will send for Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, my servant; I will bring them against this land, its inhabitants, and all these neighboring nations. I will doom them, making them an object of horror, of hissing, of everlasting reproach.#Jer 1:15; 43:10. 10Among them I will put to an end the song of joy and the song of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride, the sound of the millstone and the light of the lamp. 11This whole land shall be a ruin and a waste. Seventy years these nations shall serve the king of Babylon;#Lv 26:32–35. 12but when the seventy years have elapsed, I will punish the king of Babylon and that nation and the land of the Chaldeans for their guilt—oracle of the Lord. Their land I will turn into everlasting waste.#Is 13:20–22. 13Against that land I will fulfill all the words I have spoken against it, all that is written in this book, which Jeremiah prophesied against all the nations. 14They also shall serve many nations and great kings, and thus I will repay them according to their own deeds and according to the works of their hands.#Jer 27:7; 50:9, 41–42; 51:6, 24.
The Cup of Judgment on the Nations. 15#Jeremiah is a prophet to the nations (cf. 1:5) as well as to his own people. All the nations mentioned here appear again in the more extensive collection of Jeremiah’s oracles against the nations in chaps. 46–51. For thus said the Lord, the God of Israel, to me: Take this cup of the wine of wrath#Cup…wrath: a metaphor for destruction that occurs often in the Old Testament (cf. Ps 11:6; 75:9; Hb 2:15–16; Ez 23:31–33, etc.). from my hand and have all the nations to whom I will send you drink it.#Rev 14:10. 16They shall drink, and retch, and go mad, because of the sword I will send among them.#Jer 51:7. 17I took the cup from the hand of the Lord and gave it as drink to all the nations to whom the Lord sent me: 18to Jerusalem, the cities of Judah, its kings and princes, to make them a ruin and a waste, an object of hissing and cursing, as they are today; 19to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and his servants, princes, all his people 20and those of mixed ancestry; all the kings of the land of Uz;#Uz: the homeland of legendary Job, in Edomite or Arabian territory. all the kings of the land of the Philistines: Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod; 21Edom, Moab, and the Ammonites; 22all the kings of Tyre, of Sidon, and of the shores beyond the sea;#The shores beyond the sea: Phoenician commercial colonies located throughout the Mediterranean world. 23Dedan and Tema and Buz,#Dedan and Tema and Buz: North Arabian tribes. all the desert dwellers who shave their temples; 24all the kings of Arabia; 25all the kings of Zimri, of Elam, of the Medes; 26all the kings of the north, near and far, one after the other; all the kingdoms upon the face of the earth and after them the king of Sheshach#Sheshach: a contrived word from the Hebrew letters of Babylon. shall drink.
27Tell them: Thus says the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel: Drink! Get drunk and vomit! Fall, never to rise, before the sword that I will send among you!#Ob 16. 28If they refuse to take the cup from your hand and drink, say to them: Thus says the Lord of hosts: You must drink!#Jer 49:12. 29Now that I am inflicting evil on this city, called by my name, how can you possibly escape? You shall not escape! I am calling down the sword upon all the inhabitants of the earth—oracle of the Lord of hosts. 30As for you, prophesy against them all these words and say to them:
The Lord roars from on high,
from his holy dwelling he raises his voice;
Mightily he roars over his sheepfold,
a shout like that of vintagers echoes#Jer 51:14.
over all the inhabitants of the earth.
31The uproar spreads
to the end of the earth;
For the Lord has an indictment against the nations,
he enters into judgment against all flesh:
The wicked shall be given to the sword—
oracle of the Lord.
32Thus says the Lord of hosts:
Look! disaster stalks
nation after nation;
A violent storm surges
from the recesses of the earth.
33On that day, those whom the Lord has slain will be strewn from one end of the earth to the other. They will not be mourned, they will not be gathered, they will not be buried; they shall lie like dung upon the ground.#Jer 8:2; 16:4, 6.
34Howl, you shepherds, and wail!
roll on the ground, leaders of the flock!
The time for your slaughter has come;
like choice rams you shall fall.
35There is no flight for the shepherds,
no escape for the leaders of the flock.#Jer 32:4.
36Listen! Wailing from the shepherds,
howling from the leaders of the flock!
For the Lord lays waste their grazing place;
37desolate are the peaceful pastures,
from the burning wrath of the Lord.
38Like a lion he leaves his lair,
and their land is made desolate
By the sweeping sword,
and the burning wrath of the Lord.#Jer 4:7.
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