Leviticus 5
5
Cases Requiring Sin Offerings
1“When someone sins in any of these ways:
If he has seen, heard, or known about something he has witnessed, and did not respond to a public call to testify, he is responsible for his sin. # Gn 4:13; Ex 20:5; Lv 16:21-22; Nm 5:15,31; Dt 19:15
2Or if someone touches anything unclean # Lv 11:4; Nm 19:13 — a carcass of an unclean wild animal, # Lv 26:6 or unclean livestock, or an unclean swarming creature # Perhaps a fish, insect, rodent, or reptile; Gn 1:20; Lv 11:20-23,29-31 # Lv 11:24-40; Dt 14:8 — without being aware of it, he is unclean and guilty. # Nm 5:6; Ps 68:21
3Or if he touches human uncleanness # Lv 14:19 — any uncleanness by which one can become defiled # Lv 11:24 — without being aware of it, but later recognizes it, he is guilty.
4Or if someone swears rashly # Ps 106:33; Pr 12:18 to do what is good or evil — concerning anything a person may speak rashly in an oath — without being aware of it, but later recognizes it, he incurs guilt in such an instance. # Lit in one of such things
5If someone incurs guilt in one of these cases, he is to confess # Lv 16:21 he has committed that sin. 6He must bring his restitution # Lv 14:12 for the sin he has committed to the Lord: a female lamb or goat from the flock as a sin offering. In this way the priest will make atonement # Ex 30:15 on his behalf for his sin.
7“But if he cannot afford an animal from the flock, then he may bring to the Lord two turtledoves or two young pigeons # Lv 1:14 as restitution for his sin — one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering. 8He is to bring them to the priest, who will first present the one for the sin offering. He must twist its head at the back of the neck without severing it. # Gn 15:10; Lv 1:15,17 9Then he will sprinkle some of the blood of the sin offering on the side of the altar, while the rest of the blood is to be drained out at the base of the altar; # Lv 4:25,30 it is a sin offering. 10He must prepare the second bird as a burnt offering according to the regulation. # Lv 1:14-17 In this way the priest will make atonement on his behalf for the sin he has committed, and he will be forgiven.
11“But if he cannot afford # Lit if his hand is not sufficient for two turtledoves or two young pigeons, # Lk 2:24 he may bring two quarts # Lit one-tenth of an ephah of fine # Or wheat ; Ex 29:2 flour # Lit flour as a sin offering # Lv 2:1 as an offering for his sin. He must not put olive oil or frankincense on it, for it is a sin offering. 12He is to bring it to the priest, who will take a handful from it as its memorial portion # Lv 2:2 and burn it on the altar along with the fire offerings to the Lord; it is a sin offering. 13In this way the priest will make atonement on his behalf concerning the sin he has committed in any of these cases, and he will be forgiven. The rest will belong to the priest, like the grain offering.” # Lv 2:3,10
The Restitution Offering
14Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 15“If someone offends # Dt 32:51 by sinning unintentionally # Nm 15:24 in regard to any of the Lord’s holy things, # Things dedicated to the Lord such as tabernacle furnishings, priestly portions of the sacrifices, tenths, firstfruits, and firstborn livestock he must bring his restitution offering to the Lord: an unblemished ram from the flock (based on your assessment of its value in silver shekels, according to the sanctuary shekel # Lv 27:3; Nm 3:47) as a restitution offering. 16He must make restitution # Lv 14:12; 24:18 for his sin regarding any holy # Lv 25:12 thing, adding a fifth of its value to it, # Lv 27:13 and give it to the priest. Then the priest will make atonement on his behalf with the ram of the restitution offering, and he will be forgiven. # Lv 4:20,26,31,35; 6:7
17“If someone sins and without knowing it violates any of the Lord’s commands concerning anything prohibited, he bears the consequences of his guilt. 18He must bring an unblemished ram from the flock according to your assessment of its value as a restitution offering to the priest. Then the priest will make atonement on his behalf for the error he has committed unintentionally, and he will be forgiven. 19It is a restitution offering; he is indeed guilty before the Lord.”
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Leviticus 5
5
More Laws Regarding Sin Offerings
1“ ‘When a person#Or “a soul” sins in that#Or “and” he hears the utterance of a curse and he is a witness or he sees or he knows, if he does not make it known, then#Or “and” he shall bear his guilt. 2Or if a person#Or “a soul” touches anything unclean, whether#Literally “or” an unclean wild#Implied by the following phrase specifying domestic animals animal’s dead body or an unclean domestic animal’s dead body or an unclean swarmer’s dead body, but#Or “and” he is unaware of it,#Literally “it is concealed from him” he is unclean and he is guilty. 3Or when he touches human uncleanness, namely#Literally “for” or “to” (see HALOT 510) any uncleanness of his by which he might become unclean, but#Or “and” he is unaware of it,#Literally “it is concealed from him” and he himself finds out, then#Or “and” he will be guilty. 4Or when a person#Or “a soul” swears, speaking thoughtlessly with his lips, to do evil or to do good with regard to#Literally “for” or “to” (see HALOT 510) anything that the person#Literally “the man” in a sworn oath speaks thoughtlessly, but#Or “and” he is unaware of it,#Literally “it is concealed from him” he will be guilty in any of#Literally “for one of” these. 5When he becomes guilty in any of#Literally “for one of” these, he shall confess#Or “and he shall confess” what he has sinned regarding#Literally “upon” or “against” it, 6and he shall bring his guilt offering to#Or “for” Yahweh for his sin that he has committed:#Literally “sinned” a female from the flock,#The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals) a ewe-lamb or a she-goat,#Literally “a she-goat of goats” as a sin offering, and the priest shall make atonement for him for#Hebrew “from” his sin.
7“ ‘If#Or “And if” he cannot afford a sheep,#Literally “his hand does not touch enough of small livestock” he shall bring as his guilt offering for what he sinned two turtledoves or two young doves#Literally “sons of dove” or “children of dove” for Yahweh, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering. 8He shall bring#Or “And he shall bring” them to the priest, and he shall present that which is for the sin offering first, and the priest#Required by the previous action (see NET) shall wring its head off at the back of its neck,#Literally “from opposite its neck” but#Or “and” he must not sever it, 9and he shall spatter some of#Literally “from” the sin offering’s blood on the altar’s side, and the leftover blood must be drained out on the altar’s base; it is a sin offering. 10The second#Or “And the second” bird he must prepare as a burnt offering according to the regulation, and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin that he has committed,#Literally “sinned” and he shall be forgiven.
11“ ‘But#Or “And” if he cannot afford#Literally “his hand cannot produce for” two turtledoves or two young doves,#Literally “sons of dove” or “children of dove” then,#Or “and” because he has sinned, he shall bring as his offering a tenth of an#Hebrew “the” ephah of finely milled flour as a sin offering. He must not put#Or “And he must not put” oil on it, nor should he put frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering. 12He shall bring#Or “And he shall bring” it to the priest, and the priest shall take a handful of it#Literally “shall scoop up from it the fullness of his handful” for its token portion, and he shall turn it to smoke on the altar in addition to#Literally “on” or “upon” the offerings made by fire to Yahweh; it is a sin offering. 13Thus#Or “And” the priest shall make atonement for him because of the sin that he has committed#Literally “sinned” in any of these,#Literally “from one from these” and he shall be forgiven. It shall be#Or “And it shall be” for the priest, like the grain offering.’ ”
Laws for Guilt Offerings
14Then#Or “And” Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 15“When a person#Or “a soul” displays infidelity#Literally “acts unfaithfully infidelity” or “is unfaithful in unfaithfulness” and he sins in an unintentional wrong in any of#Literally “from” Yahweh’s holy things, then#Or “and” he shall bring his guilt offering to#Or “for” Yahweh: a ram without defect from the flock#The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals) as a guilt offering by your valuation in silver shekels#Or “convertible into silver shekels” (NET, NRSV, TNK), “of the proper value in silver” (NIV; cp. ESV “valued in silver shekels,” CSB), or “or you may buy one of equal value with silver” (NLT) according to the sanctuary shekel. 16And he shall make restitution for what he sinned because of#Literally “from” (see HALOT 598) a holy thing and shall add one-fifth of its value#Literally “it” onto it and shall give it to the priest. The priest#Or “And the priest” shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and he will be forgiven.
17“If#Or “And if” a person#Or “a soul” when he sins violates#Literally “and she/it does” one from all of Yahweh’s commands that should not be violated,#Literally “they are to be done” but#Or “and” he did not know, then#Or “and” he is guilty and he shall bear his guilt. 18He shall bring#Or “And he shall bring” to the priest a ram without defect from the flock#The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals) as a guilt offering by your valuation, and the priest shall make atonement for him because of his unintentional wrong (although#Or “and” he himself did not know), and he will be forgiven. 19It is a guilt offering; he certainly was guilty before Yahweh.”
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