Acts 6
6
Servant Leaders
1During those days the number of Jesus’ followers kept multiplying greatly. But a complaint was brought against those who spoke Aramaic # 6:1 Or “the Hebrews” (converts from orthodox Judaism). There was one dominant language in Israel: Aramaic. However, the issue between the two groups was more than merely a language difference. Those who spoke Aramaic were natives, while the Greek-speaking minority were most likely Jews from other nations. by the Greek-speaking Jews, # 6:1 Or “Hellenists.” These were Jewish converts who sought to maintain a Greek language and culture and were predominantly Alexandrian Jews. These may have been Jews who were scattered throughout the Roman Empire, including Greece and Alexandria, Egypt. who felt their widows were being overlooked during the daily distribution of food.
2The twelve apostles called a meeting of all the believers and told them, “It is not advantageous for us to be pulled away from the word of God to wait on tables. 3We want you to carefully select # 6:3 The Aramaic is “select with awe,” that is, in the presence of the Lord. from among yourselves seven godly men. Make sure they are honorable, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, and we will give them the responsibility of this crucial ministry of serving. 4That will enable us to give our full attention to prayer and preaching the word of God.”
5Everyone in the church loved this idea. # 6:5 The Aramaic can be translated “This proposal appeared beautiful.” So they chose seven men. One of them was Stephen, # 6:5 It is most likely that Stephen was not a gentile but a Jewish believer. His Hebrew name, Tzephania, is transliterated into Greek as Astaphanos (Stephen in English). Tzephania is the name of the prophet Zephaniah. Zephaniah means “Yah has treasured [him].” Stephen was not a gentile proselyte to Judaism but a Greek-speaking Hebrew. He spoke in Acts 7 and addressed his hearers as “fellow Jews and fathers.” Although he was a powerful minister of the Word, Stephen was humble to accept the task of serving. who was known as a man full of faith and overflowing with the Holy Spirit. Along with him they chose Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicholas from Antioch, # 6:5 The Aramaic can be translated “Nicholas, the hero of Antioch.” who had converted to Judaism. 6All seven stood before the apostles, who laid their hands on them and prayed for them, commissioning them to this ministry. # 6:6 The practice of laying on of hands indicates approval, impartation of authority, commissioning, and ordaining. As the Old Testament priest laid hands on a sacrifice and transferred the guilt of sins upon the animal, the New Testament apostles laid their hands on men and appointed them to ministry. See Lev. 16:21–22; Num. 27:18–20; Heb. 6:2.
7God’s word reigned supreme # 6:7 As translated from the Aramaic. and kept spreading. The number of Jesus’ followers in Jerusalem quickly grew and increased by the day. Even a great number of Jewish priests became believers and were obedient to the faith!
8Stephen, who was a man full of grace and supernatural power, performed many astonishing signs and wonders and mighty miracles among the people. # 6:8 Stephen was not an apostle, yet he worked miracles of power through his ministry. The miraculous is not for the few, but for the many. 9This upset some men belonging to a sect who called themselves the Men Set Free. # 6:9 Or “the Synagogue of the Freedmen.” Although most expositors view these as former Hebrew slaves, the Aramaic is “Libertines.” It is possible that these were pagan cult members who followed a Roman mythical hero named Liber. From this word we get the English word liberty. They emphasized drunkenness and promiscuity. They boasted in their freedom from all moral laws as the Men Set Free to do whatever they desired. They were so hedonistic that even other pagans viewed them as wicked. These Libertines were the antithesis to the true freedom that comes through Christ (John 8:36). They were Libyans, # 6:9 Or “Cyrene,” a region of eastern Libya. Egyptians, # 6:9 Or “Alexandria,” a large Egyptian city on the Mediterranean. and Turks. # 6:9 Or “Cilicia” (southeastern coastal area of Turkey) and “the province of Asia” (that is, Asia Minor, comprised of western and southwestern Turkey). Both regions are included in the word Turks.
They all confronted Stephen to argue # 6:9 The Aramaic is “word wrestle.” with him. 10But the Holy Spirit gave Stephen remarkable wisdom to answer them. His words were prompted by the Holy Spirit, and they could not refute what he said. 11So the Men Set Free conspired in secret to find those who would bring false accusations against Stephen and lie about him by saying, “We heard this man speak blasphemy against Moses and God.”
12The Men Set Free agitated the crowd, the elders, and the religious scholars, # 6:12 Or “scribes.” These were considered the experts in the law of Moses. then seized Stephen and forcefully took him before the supreme council. 13One after another, false witnesses stepped forward and accused Stephen, saying, “This man never stops denigrating our temple and our Jewish law. 14For we have heard him teach that Jesus of Nazareth will destroy the temple and change the traditions and customs that Moses handed down to us.” # 6:14 The Aramaic is “We heard him teach that Jesus the Nazarene is the one who freed our nation and changed the feasts that Moses observed.”
15Every member of the supreme council focused his gaze on Stephen, for right in front of their eyes, while being falsely accused, his face glowed as though he had the face of an angel! # 6:15 As he faced persecution and martyrdom, Stephen’s face lit up with heaven’s light, shining as an angelic messenger. What manifests in your life when you are opposed and falsely accused?
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Acts 6: TPT
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Learn More About The Passion TranslationActs 6
6
The Appointment of the First Seven Deacons
1 Now in those#tn Grk “these.” The translation uses “those” for stylistic reasons. days, when the disciples were growing in number,#tn Grk “were multiplying.” a complaint arose on the part of the Greek-speaking Jews#tn Grk “the Hellenists,” but this descriptive term is largely unknown to the modern English reader. The translation “Greek-speaking Jews” attempts to convey something of who these were, but it was more than a matter of language spoken; it involved a degree of adoption of Greek culture as well.sn The Greek-speaking Jews were the Hellenists, Jews who to a greater or lesser extent had adopted Greek thought, customs, and lifestyle, as well as the Greek language. The city of Alexandria in Egypt was a focal point for them, but they were scattered throughout the Roman Empire. against the native Hebraic Jews,#tn Grk “against the Hebrews,” but as with “Hellenists” this needs further explanation for the modern reader. because their widows#sn The care of widows is a major biblical theme: Deut 10:18; 16:11, 14; 24:17, 19-21; 26:12-13; 27:19; Isa 1:17-23; Jer 7:6; Mal 3:5. were being overlooked#tn Or “neglected.” in the daily distribution of food.#tn Grk “in the daily serving.”sn The daily distribution of food. The early church saw it as a responsibility to meet the basic needs of people in their group. 2 So the twelve#sn The twelve refers to the twelve apostles. called#tn Grk “calling the whole group…together, said.” The participle προσκαλεσάμενοι (proskalesamenoi) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. the whole group#tn Or “the multitude.” of the disciples together and said, “It is not right for us to neglect the word of God to wait on tables.#tn Grk “to serve tables.” 3 But carefully select from among you, brothers,#tn It is not clear from a historical standpoint (but it is unlikely) that women would have been involved in the selection process too. For this reason the translation “brothers” has been retained, rather than “brothers and sisters” (used in contexts where both male and female believers are clearly addressed). seven#sn Seven. Jewish town councils often had seven members (Josephus, Ant. 4.18.14 [4.214]). men who are well-attested,#tn Or “are of good reputation” (BDAG 618 s.v. μαρτυρέω 2.b). full of the Spirit and of wisdom, whom we may put in charge#tn The translation “put in charge” is given by BDAG 492 s.v. καθίστημι 2. of this necessary task.#tn Grk “of this need”; translated “necessary work” or “needed task” by L&N 42.22. 4 But we will devote ourselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word.” 5 The#tn Grk “And the.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here. proposal pleased the entire group, so#tn The translation “so” has been used to indicate the logical sequence in English. they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit, with#tn “With” is smoother English style for an addition like this. Because of differences between Greek and English style, καί (kai), which occurs between each name in the list, has not been translated except preceding the last element. Philip,#sn Philip. Note how many of the names in this list are Greek. This suggests that Hellenists were chosen to solve the problem they had been so sensitive about fixing (cf. 6:1). Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas, a Gentile convert to Judaism#tn Or “a proselyte.” from Antioch.#map For location see JP1-F2; JP2-F2; JP3-F2; JP4-F2. 6 They stood these men before the apostles, who prayed#tn Literally this is a participle in the Greek text (προσευξάμενοι, proseuxamenoi). It could be translated as a finite verb (“and they prayed and placed their hands on them”) but much smoother English results if the entire coordinate clause is converted to a relative clause that refers back to the apostles.sn Who prayed. The prayer indicates their acceptance and commissioning for ministry (cf. Deut 34:9). and placed#tn Or “laid.” their hands on them. 7 The word of God continued to spread,#tn Grk “kept on spreading”; the verb has been translated as a progressive imperfect. the number of disciples in Jerusalem#map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4. increased greatly, and a large group#tn Grk “a great multitude.”sn A large group. Many Jews, even some religious leaders, were responding. of priests became obedient to the faith.
Stephen is Arrested
8 Now Stephen, full of grace and power, was performing great wonders and miraculous signs#tn The miraculous nature of these signs is implied in the context. Here the work of miracles extends beyond the Twelve for the first time. among the people. 9 But some men from the Synagogue#sn A synagogue was a place for Jewish prayer and worship, with recognized leadership (cf. Luke 8:41). Though the origin of the synagogue is not entirely clear, it seems to have arisen in the postexilic community during the intertestamental period. A town could establish a synagogue if there were at least ten men. In normative Judaism of the NT period, the OT scripture was read and discussed in the synagogue by the men who were present (see the Mishnah, m. Megillah 3-4; m. Berakhot 2). of the Freedmen (as it was called),#tn Grk “the so-called Synagogue of the Freedmen.” The translation of the participle λεγομένης (legomenh") by the phrase “as it was called” is given by L&N 87.86. “Freedmen” would be slaves who had gained their freedom, or the descendants of such people (BDAG 594-95 s.v. Λιβερτῖνος). both Cyrenians and Alexandrians, as well as some from Cilicia and the province of Asia,#tn Grk “Asia”; in the NT this always refers to the Roman province of Asia, made up of about one-third of the west and southwest end of modern Asia Minor. Asia lay to the west of the region of Phrygia and Galatia. The words “the province of” are supplied to indicate to the modern reader that this does not refer to the continent of Asia. stood up and argued with Stephen. 10 Yet#tn Grk “and.” The context, however, indicates that the conjunction carries an adversative force. they were not able to resist#sn They were not able to resist. This represents another fulfillment of Luke 12:11-12; 21:15. the wisdom and the Spirit with which he spoke. 11 Then they secretly instigated#tn Another translation would be “they suborned” (but this term is not in common usage). “Instigate (secretly), suborn” is given by BDAG 1036 s.v. ὑποβάλλω. some men to say, “We have heard this man#tn Grk “heard him”; but since this is direct discourse, it is more natural (and clearer) to specify the referent (Stephen) as “this man.” speaking blasphemous words against Moses and God.” 12 They incited the people, the#tn Grk “and the,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more. elders, and the experts in the law;#tn Or “and the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 4:5. then they approached Stephen,#tn Grk “approaching, they seized him”; the referent (Stephen) has been specified in the translation for clarity. seized him, and brought him before the council.#tn Or “the Sanhedrin” (the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews). Stephen suffers just as Peter and John did. 13 They brought forward false witnesses who said, “This man does not stop saying things against this holy place#sn This holy place is a reference to the temple. and the law.#sn The law refers to the law of Moses. It elaborates the nature of the blasphemy in v. 11. To speak against God’s law in Torah was to blaspheme God (Deut 28:15-19). On the Jewish view of false witnesses, see Exod 19:16-18; 20:16; m. Sanhedrin 3.6; 5.1-5. Stephen’s speech in Acts 7 may indicate why the temple was mentioned. 14 For we have heard him saying that Jesus the Nazarene will destroy this place and change the customs#tn Or “practices.”sn Will destroy this place and change the customs. Stephen appears to view the temple as a less central place in light of Christ’s work, an important challenge to Jewish religion, since it was at this time a temple-centered state and religion. Unlike Acts 3-4, the issue here is more than Jesus and his resurrection. Now the impact of his resurrection and the temple’s centrality has also become an issue. The “falseness” of the charge may not be that the witnesses were lying, but that they falsely read the truth of Stephen’s remarks. that Moses handed down to us.” 15 All#tn Grk “And all.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here. who were sitting in the council#tn Or “Sanhedrin” (the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews). looked intently at Stephen#tn Grk “at him”; the referent (Stephen) has been specified in the translation for clarity. and saw his face was like the face of an angel.#sn His face was like the face of an angel. This narrative description of Stephen’s face adds to the mood of the passage. He had the appearance of a supernatural, heavenly messenger.
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