Exodus 13
13
1The Lord spoke to Moses: 2“Consecrate every firstborn male # 13:2 Ex 13:12–13,15; 22:29–30; Nm 3:13; Dt 15:9; Lk 2:23 to me, the firstborn from every womb among the Israelites, both man and domestic animal; it is mine.”
3Then Moses said to the people, “Remember this day when you came out of Egypt, out of the place of slavery, for the Lord brought you out of here by the strength of his hand. Nothing leavened may be eaten. # 13:3 Ex 6:1; 12:8,42; Dt 16:3 4Today, in the month of Abib, # 13:4 March–April; called Nisan in the post-exilic period; Neh 2:1; Est 3:7,# 13:4 Ex 12:2; 23:15; 34:18; Dt 16:1 you are going out. 5When the Lord brings you into the land of the Canaanites, Hethites, Amorites, Hivites, and Jebusites, # 13:5 DSS, Sam, LXX, Syr add Girgashites and Perizzites; Jos 3:10 which he swore to your ancestors that he would give you, a land flowing with milk and honey, # 13:5 Ex 3:8; 33:3; Nm 16:14; Jos 5:6; Jr 32:22 you must carry out this ceremony in this month. # 13:5 Ex 6:8; 12:25 6For seven days you must eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there is to be a festival to the Lord. 7Unleavened bread is to be eaten for those seven days. Nothing leavened may be found among you, and no yeast may be found among you in all your territory. 8On that day explain to your son, ‘This is because of what the Lord did for me when I came out of Egypt.’ # 13:8 Ex 3:14; 12:26–27 9Let it serve as a sign for you on your hand and as a reminder on your forehead, # 13:9 Lit reminder between your eyes,# 13:9 Ex 13:16; Dt 6:8; 11:18 so that the Lord’s instruction may be in your mouth; for the Lord brought you out of Egypt with a strong hand. 10Keep this statute at its appointed time from year to year.
11“When the Lord brings you into the land of the Canaanites, as he swore to you and your ancestors, and gives it to you, 12you are to present to the Lord every firstborn male of the womb. All firstborn offspring of the livestock you own that are males will be the Lord’s. 13You must redeem every firstborn of a donkey with a flock animal, but if you do not redeem it, break its neck. However, you must redeem every firstborn among your sons. # 13:13 Ex 34:20; Nm 3:46–47; 18:15
14“In the future, when your son # 13:14 Ex 12:26–27; Dt 6:20 asks you, ‘What does this mean? ’ say to him, ‘By the strength of his hand the Lord brought us out of Egypt, out of the place of slavery. 15When Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, the Lord killed every firstborn male in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of humans and the firstborn of livestock. That is why I sacrifice to the Lord all the firstborn of the womb that are males, but I redeem all the firstborn of my sons.’ 16So let it be a sign on your hand and a symbol # 13:16 Or phylactery on your forehead, for the Lord brought us out of Egypt by the strength of his hand.” # 13:15–16 Ex 12:29; 13:9
The Route of the Exodus
17When Pharaoh let the people go, God did not lead them along the road to the land of the Philistines, even though it was nearby; for God said, “The people will change their minds and return to Egypt if they face war.” # 13:17 Ex 14:11; Nm 14:1–4; Dt 17:16 18So he led the people around toward the Red Sea along the road of the wilderness. And the Israelites left the land of Egypt in battle formation. # 13:18 Ex 14:2; Nm 33:6; Jos 1:14
19Moses took the bones of Joseph # 13:19 Gn 50:25; Jos 24:32; Ac 7:16; Heb 11:22 with him, because Joseph had made the Israelites swear a solemn oath, saying, “God will certainly come to your aid; then you must take my bones with you from this place.”
20They set out from Succoth and camped at Etham on the edge of the wilderness. 21The Lord went ahead of them in a pillar of cloud # 13:21 Ex 14:19; Nm 9:15–16; Dt 1:33; Neh 9:12; Ps 78:14; 99:7; Is 4:5; 1Co 10:1 to lead them on their way during the day and in a pillar of fire to give them light at night, so that they could travel day or night. 22The pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night never left its place in front of the people.
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Exodus 13: CSB
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© 2017 Holman Bible Publishers
Exodus 13
13
Dedication of the firstborn
1The LORD said to Moses, 2“Dedicate to me the firstborn son of every family and the firstborn males of your flocks and herds. These belong to me.”#Nu 3.13; Lk 2.23.
The Festival of Thin Bread
3-4Moses said to the people:
Remember this day in the month of Abib.#13.3,4 Abib: Or Nisan, the first month of the Hebrew calendar, from about mid-March to mid-April. It is the day when the LORD's mighty power rescued you from Egypt, where you were slaves. Do not eat anything made with yeast. 5The LORD promised your ancestors that he would bring you into the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Hivites, and Jebusites. It is a land rich with milk and honey.
Each year during the month of Abib, celebrate these events in the following way: 6for seven days you are to eat bread made without yeast, and on the seventh day you are to celebrate a festival in honour of the LORD. 7During those seven days, you must not eat anything made with yeast or even have yeast anywhere near your homes. 8Then on the seventh day you must explain to your children that you do this because the LORD brought you out of Egypt.
9This celebration will be like wearing a sign on your hand or on your forehead, because then you will pass on to others the teaching of the LORD, whose mighty power brought you out of Egypt. 10Celebrate this festival each year at the same time.
11The LORD will give you the land of the Canaanites, just as he promised you and your ancestors. 12From then on, you must give him every firstborn son from your families and every firstborn male from your animals, because these belong to him.#Ex 34.19,20; Lk 2.23. 13You can save the life of a firstborn donkey#13.13 donkey: This was the only “unclean” animal that had to be saved; the firstborn of all “clean” animals (sheep, goats, cattle) had to be sacrificed. Donkeys were important because they were the basic means of transport. by sacrificing a lamb; if you don't, you must break the donkey's neck. You must save every firstborn son.
14In the future your children will ask what this ceremony means. Explain it to them by saying, “The LORD used his mighty power to rescue us from slavery in Egypt. 15The king#13.15 The king: See the note at 1.11. stubbornly refused to set us free, so the LORD killed the firstborn male of every animal and the firstborn son of every Egyptian family. This is why we sacrifice to the LORD every firstborn male of every animal and save every firstborn son.”
16This ceremony will serve the same purpose as a sign on your hand or on your forehead to tell how the LORD's mighty power rescued us from Egypt.
The LORD leads his people
17After the king#13.17 the king: See the note at 1.11. had finally let the people go, the LORD did not lead them through Philistine territory,#13.17 Philistine territory: The shortest land route from the Nile Delta to Canaan; it was the southern section of the major road that led to Megiddo and then on to Mesopotamia by way of Asia Minor. though that was the shortest way. God had said, “If they are attacked, they may decide to return to Egypt.” 18So he led them around through the desert and towards the Red Sea.#13.18 Red Sea: Hebrew yam suph “Sea of Reeds”, one of the marshes or fresh water lakes, near the eastern part of the Nile Delta. This identification is based on Exodus 13.17—14.9, which lists the towns on the route of the Israelites before crossing the sea. In the Greek translation of the Scriptures made about 200 BC, the “Sea of Reeds” was named “Red Sea”.
The Israelites left Egypt, prepared for battle.
19Moses made them take along the bones of Joseph, whose dying words had been, “God will come to your rescue, and when he does, be sure to take along my bones.”#Gn 50.25; Js 24.32.
20The people of Israel left Succoth and camped at Etham at the border of Egypt near the desert. 21-22During the day the LORD went ahead of his people in a thick cloud, and during the night he went ahead of them in a flaming fire. That way the LORD could lead them at all times, whether day or night.
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© British and Foreign Bible Society 2012