1 Kings 11
11
Solomon’s Unfaithfulness to God
1King Solomon loved many foreign women in addition to Pharaoh’s daughter:#1Kg 3:1; 7:8 Moabite, Ammonite, Edomite, Sidonian, and Hittite women#Neh 13:23–27 2from the nations about which the Lord had told the Israelites, “You must not intermarry with them, and they must not intermarry with you, because they will turn your heart away to follow their gods.”#Dt 7:3–4 To these women Solomon was deeply attached#11:2 Lit Solomon clung in love. 3He had seven hundred wives who were princesses and three hundred who were concubines,#2Sm 5:13; Est 2:14–15; Sg 6:8 and they turned his heart away.#Dt 17:17
4When Solomon was old, his wives turned his heart away to follow other gods. He was not wholeheartedly devoted to the Lord his God, as his father David had been.#1Kg 8:61; 9:4; 15:3,14; 1Ch 29:19 5Solomon followed Ashtoreth,#Jdg 2:13; 10:6; 1Kg 11:33 the goddess of the Sidonians, and Milcom,#Lv 18:21 the abhorrent idol of the Ammonites.#Jdg 2:13; 1Sm 7:3–4 6Solomon did what was evil in the Lord’s sight, and unlike his father David, he did not remain loyal to the Lord.
7At that time, Solomon built a high place#Nm 33:52; 1Kg 3:2–3 for Chemosh,#Nm 21:29 the abhorrent idol of Moab, and for Milcom,#11:7 Lit Molech#1Kg 11:33 the abhorrent idol of the Ammonites, on the hill across from Jerusalem.#2Kg 23:13 8He did the same for all his foreign wives, who were burning incense and offering sacrifices to their gods.
9The Lord was angry with Solomon, because his heart had turned away from the Lord, the God of Israel, who had appeared to him twice.#1Kg 3:5; 9:2 10He had commanded him about this, so that he would not follow other gods, but Solomon did not do what the Lord had commanded.#1Kg 6:12; 9:6–7
11Then the Lord said to Solomon, “Since you have done this#11:11 Lit “Since this was with you and did not keep my covenant and my statutes, which I commanded you, I will tear the kingdom away from you and give it to your servant.#1Kg 11:29–31 12However, I will not do it during your lifetime for the sake of your father David;#2Sm 7:12–16; 2Kg 19:34; 20:6 I will tear it out of your son’s hand. 13Yet I will not tear the entire kingdom away from him. I will give one tribe to your son#1Kg 11:31–32 for the sake of my servant David and for the sake of Jerusalem that I chose.”
Solomon’s Enemies
14So the Lord raised up#1Kg 5:4; 1Ch 5:26 Hadad the Edomite as an enemy against Solomon. He was of the royal family in Edom. 15Earlier, when David was in Edom, Joab, the commander of the army, had gone to bury the dead and had struck down every male in Edom. 16For Joab and all Israel had remained there six months, until he had killed every male in Edom.#2Sm 8:13–14; 1Ch 18:12–13 17Hadad fled to Egypt, along with some Edomites from his father’s servants. At the time Hadad was a small boy. 18Hadad and his men set out from Midian and went to Paran.#Nm 10:12; Dt 1:1 They took men with them from Paran and went to Egypt, to Pharaoh king of Egypt,#1Kg 3:1 who gave Hadad a house, ordered that he be given food, and gave him land. 19Pharaoh liked Hadad so much#11:19 Lit Hadad found much favor in Pharaoh’s eyes that he gave him a wife, the sister of his own wife, Queen Tahpenes. 20Tahpenes’s sister gave birth to Hadad’s son Genubath. Tahpenes herself weaned him in Pharaoh’s palace, and Genubath lived there along with Pharaoh’s sons.
21When Hadad heard in Egypt that David rested with his ancestors and that Joab, the commander of the army, was dead, Hadad said to Pharaoh, “Let me leave, so I may go to my own country.”
22But Pharaoh asked him, “What do you lack here with me for you to want to go back to your own country?”
“Nothing,” he replied, “but please let me leave.”
23God raised up Rezon son of Eliada as an enemy#1Kg 5:4 against Solomon. Rezon had fled from his master King Hadadezer of Zobah#2Sm 8:3 24and gathered men to himself. He became leader of a raiding party when David killed the Zobaites. He#11:24 LXX; Hb reads They went to Damascus,#2Sm 8:5 lived there, and became king in Damascus. 25Rezon was Israel’s enemy throughout Solomon’s reign, adding to the trouble Hadad had caused. He reigned over Aram#11:25 Some Hb mss, LXX, Syr read Edom#Gn 10:22; 2Sm 10:19 and loathed Israel.
26Now Solomon’s servant,#1Kg 11:11 Jeroboam son of Nebat, was an Ephraimite from Zeredah. His widowed mother’s name was Zeruah. Jeroboam rebelled#1Kg 11:40; 2Ch 13:6 against Solomon, 27and this is the reason he rebelled against the king: Solomon had built the supporting terraces#1Kg 9:15,24 and repaired the opening in the wall of the city of his father David. 28Now the man Jeroboam was capable, and Solomon noticed the young man because he was getting things done. So he appointed him over the entire labor force of the house of Joseph.#1Kg 5:13–16; 12:4
29During that time, the prophet Ahijah the Shilonite#1Kg 12:15; 14:2 met Jeroboam on the road as Jeroboam came out of Jerusalem. Now Ahijah had wrapped himself with a new cloak, and the two of them were alone in the open field. 30Then Ahijah took hold of the new cloak he had on, tore it into twelve pieces,#1Sm 15:27–28; 1Kg 11:11–13 31and said to Jeroboam, “Take ten pieces for yourself, for this is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘I am about to tear the kingdom out of Solomon’s hand. I will give you ten tribes, 32but one tribe will remain his for the sake of my servant David#2Sm 7:15–16 and for the sake of Jerusalem, the city I chose out of all the tribes of Israel.#1Kg 11:11–13 33For they have abandoned me; they have bowed down to Ashtoreth, the goddess of the Sidonians, to Chemosh, the god of Moab, and to Milcom, the god of the Ammonites.#1Kg 11:5,7 They have not walked in my ways to do what is right in my sight and to carry out my statutes and my judgments as his father David did.#1Kg 3:14; 11:9–11
34“‘However, I will not take the whole kingdom from him but will let him be ruler all the days of his life for the sake of my servant David, whom I chose and who kept my commands and my statutes. 35I will take ten tribes of the kingdom from his son and give them to you. 36I will give one tribe#1Kg 12:16–17 to his son,#1Kg 3:14; 11:12–13 so that my servant David will always have a lamp#11:36 Or dominion before me#2Sm 21:17; 1Kg 15:4; 2Kg 8:19 in Jerusalem, the city I chose for myself to put my name there.#1Kg 8:29; 11:13 37I will appoint you,#1Kg 11:11 and you will reign as king#1Kg 14:7 over all you want,#2Sm 3:21 and you will be king over Israel.
38“‘After that, if you obey all I command you, walk in my ways, and do what is right in my sight in order to keep my statutes and my commands as my servant David did, I will be with you.#Jos 1:5; 1Kg 3:14; 11:11 I will build you a lasting dynasty just as I built for David,#2Sm 7:11,27 and I will give you Israel. 39I will humble David’s descendants, because of their unfaithfulness, but not forever.’”#11:38–39 LXX omits and I will give... but not forever#Ezk 37:15–28; Am 9:11–12
40Therefore, Solomon tried to kill Jeroboam,#1Kg 11:26–28 but he fled to Egypt,#1Kg 12:2 to King Shishak of Egypt,#1Kg 14:25–26; 2Ch 12:2–9 where he remained until Solomon’s death.
Solomon’s Death
41The rest of the events of Solomon’s reign, along with all his accomplishments and his wisdom, are written in the Book of Solomon’s Events.#1Kg 15:7,23; 2Ch 9:29 42The length of Solomon’s reign in Jerusalem over all Israel totaled forty years.#2Sm 5:5 43Solomon rested with his ancestors and was buried in the city of his father David. His son Rehoboam#1Kg 12:1 became king in his place.#2Ch 9:30–31
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© 2017 Holman Bible Publishers
1 Kings 11
11
Solomon’s Many Wives
1Now King Solomon loved many foreign women. Besides Pharaoh’s daughter, he married women from Moab, Ammon, Edom, Sidon, and from among the Hittites. 2The Lord had clearly instructed the people of Israel, “You must not marry them, because they will turn your hearts to their gods.” Yet Solomon insisted on loving them anyway. 3He had 700 wives of royal birth and 300 concubines. And in fact, they did turn his heart away from the Lord.
4In Solomon’s old age, they turned his heart to worship other gods instead of being completely faithful to the Lord his God, as his father, David, had been. 5Solomon worshiped Ashtoreth, the goddess of the Sidonians, and Molech,#11:5 Hebrew Milcom, a variant spelling of Molech; also in 11:33. the detestable god of the Ammonites. 6In this way, Solomon did what was evil in the Lord’s sight; he refused to follow the Lord completely, as his father, David, had done.
7On the Mount of Olives, east of Jerusalem,#11:7 Hebrew On the mountain east of Jerusalem. he even built a pagan shrine for Chemosh, the detestable god of Moab, and another for Molech, the detestable god of the Ammonites. 8Solomon built such shrines for all his foreign wives to use for burning incense and sacrificing to their gods.
9The Lord was very angry with Solomon, for his heart had turned away from the Lord, the God of Israel, who had appeared to him twice. 10He had warned Solomon specifically about worshiping other gods, but Solomon did not listen to the Lord’s command. 11So now the Lord said to him, “Since you have not kept my covenant and have disobeyed my decrees, I will surely tear the kingdom away from you and give it to one of your servants. 12But for the sake of your father, David, I will not do this while you are still alive. I will take the kingdom away from your son. 13And even so, I will not take away the entire kingdom; I will let him be king of one tribe, for the sake of my servant David and for the sake of Jerusalem, my chosen city.”
Solomon’s Adversaries
14Then the Lord raised up Hadad the Edomite, a member of Edom’s royal family, to be Solomon’s adversary. 15Years before, David had defeated Edom. Joab, his army commander, had stayed to bury some of the Israelite soldiers who had died in battle. While there, they killed every male in Edom. 16Joab and the army of Israel had stayed there for six months, killing them.
17But Hadad and a few of his father’s royal officials escaped and headed for Egypt. (Hadad was just a boy at the time.) 18They set out from Midian and went to Paran, where others joined them. Then they traveled to Egypt and went to Pharaoh, who gave them a home, food, and some land. 19Pharaoh grew very fond of Hadad, and he gave him his wife’s sister in marriage—the sister of Queen Tahpenes. 20She bore him a son named Genubath. Tahpenes raised him#11:20 As in Greek version; Hebrew reads weaned him. in Pharaoh’s palace among Pharaoh’s own sons.
21When the news reached Hadad in Egypt that David and his commander Joab were both dead, he said to Pharaoh, “Let me return to my own country.”
22“Why?” Pharaoh asked him. “What do you lack here that makes you want to go home?”
“Nothing,” he replied. “But even so, please let me return home.”
23God also raised up Rezon son of Eliada as Solomon’s adversary. Rezon had fled from his master, King Hadadezer of Zobah, 24and had become the leader of a gang of rebels. After David conquered Hadadezer, Rezon and his men fled to Damascus, where he became king. 25Rezon was Israel’s bitter adversary for the rest of Solomon’s reign, and he made trouble, just as Hadad did. Rezon hated Israel intensely and continued to reign in Aram.
Jeroboam Rebels against Solomon
26Another rebel leader was Jeroboam son of Nebat, one of Solomon’s own officials. He came from the town of Zeredah in Ephraim, and his mother was Zeruah, a widow.
27This is the story behind his rebellion. Solomon was rebuilding the supporting terraces#11:27 Hebrew the millo. The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain. and repairing the walls of the city of his father, David. 28Jeroboam was a very capable young man, and when Solomon saw how industrious he was, he put him in charge of the labor force from the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, the descendants of Joseph.
29One day as Jeroboam was leaving Jerusalem, the prophet Ahijah from Shiloh met him along the way. Ahijah was wearing a new cloak. The two of them were alone in a field, 30and Ahijah took hold of the new cloak he was wearing and tore it into twelve pieces. 31Then he said to Jeroboam, “Take ten of these pieces, for this is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: ‘I am about to tear the kingdom from the hand of Solomon, and I will give ten of the tribes to you! 32But I will leave him one tribe for the sake of my servant David and for the sake of Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel. 33For Solomon has#11:33 As in Greek, Syriac, and Latin Vulgate; Hebrew reads For they have. abandoned me and worshiped Ashtoreth, the goddess of the Sidonians; Chemosh, the god of Moab; and Molech, the god of the Ammonites. He has not followed my ways and done what is pleasing in my sight. He has not obeyed my decrees and regulations as David his father did.
34“‘But I will not take the entire kingdom from Solomon at this time. For the sake of my servant David, the one whom I chose and who obeyed my commands and decrees, I will keep Solomon as leader for the rest of his life. 35But I will take the kingdom away from his son and give ten of the tribes to you. 36His son will have one tribe so that the descendants of David my servant will continue to reign, shining like a lamp in Jerusalem, the city I have chosen to be the place for my name. 37And I will place you on the throne of Israel, and you will rule over all that your heart desires. 38If you listen to what I tell you and follow my ways and do whatever I consider to be right, and if you obey my decrees and commands, as my servant David did, then I will always be with you. I will establish an enduring dynasty for you as I did for David, and I will give Israel to you. 39Because of Solomon’s sin I will punish the descendants of David—though not forever.’”
40Solomon tried to kill Jeroboam, but he fled to King Shishak of Egypt and stayed there until Solomon died.
Summary of Solomon’s Reign
41The rest of the events in Solomon’s reign, including all his deeds and his wisdom, are recorded in The Book of the Acts of Solomon. 42Solomon ruled in Jerusalem over all Israel for forty years. 43When he died, he was buried in the City of David, named for his father. Then his son Rehoboam became the next king.
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