Numbers 32
32
The Petition of the Reubenites and Gadites
1#sn While the tribes are on the other side of Jordan, the matter of which tribes would settle there has to be discussed. This chapter begins the settlement of Israel into the tribal territories, something to be continued in Joshua. The chapter has the petitions (vv. 1-5), the response by Moses (vv. 6-15), the proposal (vv. 16-27), and the conclusion of the matter (vv. 28-42). For literature on this subject, both critical and conservative, see S. E. Loewenstein, “The Relation of the Settlement of Gad and Reuben in Numbers 32:1-38, Its Background and Its Composition,” Tarbiz 42 (1972): 12-26; J. Mauchline, “Gilead and Gilgal, Some Reflections on the Israelite Occupation of Palestine,” VT 6 (1956): 19-33; and A. Bergmann, “The Israelite Tribe of Half-Manasseh,” JPOS 16 (1936): 224-54. Now the Reubenites and the Gadites possessed a very large number of cattle. When they saw that the lands of Jazer and Gilead were ideal for cattle,#tn Heb “the place was a place of/for cattle.” 2 the Gadites and the Reubenites came and addressed Moses, Eleazar the priest, and the leaders of the community. They said, 3 “Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam,#tc Smr and the LXX have Sibmah. Cf. v. 38. Nebo, and Beon,#tn Cf. Baal-meon in v. 38. 4 the land that the Lord subdued#tn The verb is the Hiphil perfect of נָכָה (nakhah), a term that can mean “smite, strike, attack, destroy.” before the community of Israel, is ideal for cattle, and your servants have cattle.” 5 So they said, “If we have found favor in your sight,#tn Heb “eyes.” let this land be given to your servants for our inheritance. Do not have us cross#tn The verb is the Hiphil jussive from עָבַר (’avar, “to cross over”). The idea of “cause to cross” or “make us cross” might be too harsh, but “take across” with the rest of the nation is what they are trying to avoid. the Jordan River.”#tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
Moses’ Response
6 Moses said to the Gadites and the Reubenites, “Must your brothers go to war while you#tn The vav (ו) is a vav disjunctive prefixed to the pronoun; it fits best here as a circumstantial clause, “while you stay here.” remain here? 7 Why do you frustrate the intent#tn Heb “heart.” So also in v. 9. of the Israelites to cross over into the land which the Lord has given them? 8 Your fathers did the same thing when I sent them from Kadesh Barnea to see the land. 9 When#tn The preterite with vav (ו) consecutive is here subordinated to the parallel yet chronologically later verb in the next clause. they went up to the Eshcol Valley and saw the land, they frustrated the intent of the Israelites so that they did not enter#tn The infinitive construct here with lamed (ל) is functioning as a result clause. the land that the Lord had given#tn The Lord had not given it yet, but was going to give it. Hence, the perfect should be classified as a perfect of resolve. them. 10 So the anger of the Lord was kindled that day, and he swore, 11 ‘Because they have not followed me wholeheartedly,#tn The clause is difficult; it means essentially that “they have not made full [their coming] after” the Lord. not#tn The sentence begins with “if they see….” This is the normal way for Hebrew to express a negative oath – “they will by no means see….” The sentence is elliptical; it is saying something like “[May God do so to me] if they see,” meaning they won’t see. Of course here God is taking the oath, which is an anthropomorphic act. He does not need to take an oath, and certainly could not swear by anyone greater, but it communicates to people his resolve. one of the men twenty years old and upward#tc The LXX adds “those knowing bad and good.” who came from Egypt will see the land that I swore to give#tn The words “to give” are not in the Hebrew text but have been supplied in the translation for clarity. to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, 12 except Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite, and Joshua son of Nun, for they followed the Lord wholeheartedly.’ 13 So the Lord’s anger was kindled against the Israelites, and he made them wander in the wilderness for forty years, until all that generation that had done wickedly before#tn Heb “in the eyes of.” the Lord was finished.#tn The verb is difficult to translate, since it has the idea of “complete, finish” (תָּמָם, tamam). It could be translated “consumed” in this passage (so KJV, ASV); NASB “was destroyed.” 14 Now look, you are standing in your fathers’ place, a brood of sinners, to increase still further the fierce wrath of the Lord against the Israelites. 15 For if you turn away from following him, he will once again abandon#tn The construction uses a verbal hendiadys with the verb “to add” serving to modify the main verb. them in the wilderness, and you will be the reason for their destruction.”#tn Heb “and you will destroy all this people.”
The Offer of the Reubenites and Gadites
16 Then they came very close to him and said, “We will build sheep folds here for our flocks and cities for our families,#tn Heb “our little ones.” 17 but we will maintain ourselves in armed readiness#tn The MT has חֻשִׁים (khushim); the verbal root is חוּשׁ (khush, “to make haste” or “hurry”). But in light of the Greek and Latin Vulgate the Hebrew should probably be emended to חֲמֻשִׁים (hamushim), a qal passive participle meaning “in battle array.” See further BDB 301 s.v. I חוּשׁ, BDB 332 s.v. חֲמֻשִׁים; HALOT 300 s.v. I חושׁ, חישׁ; HALOT 331 s.v. I חמשׁ. and go before the Israelites until whenever we have brought them to their place. Our descendants will be living in fortified towns as a protection against#tn Heb “from before.” the inhabitants of the land. 18 We will not return to our homes until every Israelite has his inheritance. 19 For we will not accept any inheritance on the other side of the Jordan River#tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity. and beyond, because our inheritance has come to us on this eastern side of the Jordan.”
20 Then Moses replied,#tn Heb “said to them.” “If you will do this thing, and if you will arm yourselves for battle before the Lord, 21 and if all your armed men cross the Jordan before the Lord until he drives out his enemies from his presence 22 and the land is subdued before the Lord, then afterward you may return and be free of your obligation to the Lord and to Israel. This land will then be your possession in the Lord’s sight.
23 “But if you do not do this, then look, you will have sinned#tn The nuance of the perfect tense here has to be the future perfect. against the Lord. And know that your sin will find you out. 24 So build cities for your descendants and pens for your sheep, but do what you have said#tn Heb “that which goes out/has gone out of your mouth.” you would do.”
25 So the Gadites and the Reubenites replied to Moses, “Your servants will do as my lord commands. 26 Our children, our wives, our flocks, and all our livestock will be there in the cities of Gilead, 27 but your servants will cross over, every man armed for war, to do battle in the Lord’s presence, just as my lord says.”
28 So Moses gave orders about them to Eleazar the priest, to Joshua son of Nun, and to the heads of the families of the Israelite tribes. 29 Moses said to them: “If the Gadites and the Reubenites cross the Jordan with you, each one equipped for battle in the Lord’s presence, and you conquer the land,#tn Heb “and the land is subdued before you.” then you must allot them the territory of Gilead as their possession. 30 But if they do not cross over with you armed, they must receive possessions among you in Canaan.” 31 Then the Gadites and the Reubenites answered, “Your servants will do what the Lord has spoken.#tn Heb “that which the Lord has spoken to your servants, thus we will do.” 32 We will cross armed in the Lord’s presence into the land of Canaan, and then the possession of our inheritance that we inherit will be ours on this side of the Jordan River.”#tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
Land Assignment
33 So Moses gave to the Gadites, the Reubenites, and to half the tribe of Manasseh son of Joseph the realm of King Sihon of the Amorites, and the realm of King Og of Bashan, the entire land with its cities and the territory surrounding them.#tn Heb “the land with its cities in the borders of the cities of the land all around.” 34 The Gadites rebuilt Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer, 35 Atroth Shophan, Jazer, Jogbehah, 36 Beth Nimrah, and Beth Haran as fortified cities, and constructed pens for their flocks. 37 The Reubenites rebuilt Heshbon, Elealeh, Kiriathaim, 38 Nebo, Baal Meon (with a change of name), and Sibmah. They renamed#tn Heb “called names.” the cities they built.
39 The descendants of Machir son of Manasseh went to Gilead, took it, and dispossessed the Amorites who were in it. 40 So Moses gave Gilead to Machir, son of Manasseh, and he lived there.#tn Heb “in it.” 41 Now Jair son of Manasseh went and captured their small towns and named them Havvoth Jair. 42 Then Nobah went and captured Kenath and its villages and called it Nobah after his own name.
Currently Selected:
Numbers 32: NET
Highlight
Share
Copy
Want to have your highlights saved across all your devices? Sign up or sign in
1996 - 2007 by Biblical Studies Press, LLC
Bemiḏbar (Numbers) 32
32
1And the children of Re’uḇĕn and the children of Gaḏ had much livestock, a large number. And they saw the land of Ya‛zĕr and the land of Gil‛aḏ and saw that the place was a place for livestock.
2So the children of Gaḏ and the children of Re’uḇĕn came and spoke to Mosheh, and to El‛azar the priest, and to the leaders of the congregation, saying,
3“Ataroth, and Diḇon, and Ya‛zĕr, and Nimrah, and Ḥeshbon, and El‛alĕh, and Seḇam, and Neḇo, and Be‛on,
4“the land which יהוה had stricken before the congregation of Yisra’ĕl, is a land for livestock, and your servants have livestock.
5And they said, “If we have found favour in your eyes, let this land be given to your servants as a possession, and do not let us pass over the Yardĕn.”
6And Mosheh said to the children of Gaḏ and to the children of Re’uḇĕn, “Are your brothers to go into the battle while you yourselves sit here?
7“Now why do you discourage the heart of the children of Yisra’ĕl from passing over into the land which יהוה has given them?
8“Thus your fathers did when I sent them away from Qaḏĕsh Barnĕa to see the land.
9“For when they went up to the wadi Eshkol and saw the land, they discouraged the heart of the children of Yisra’ĕl, so that they did not go into the land which יהוה had given them.
10Then the displeasure of יהוה burned on that day, and He swore an oath, saying,”
11Not one of the men who came up from Mitsrayim, from twenty years old and above, is to see the land of which I swore to Aḇraham, Yitsḥaq, and Ya‛aqoḇ, because they did not follow Me completely,
12except Kalĕḇ son of Yephunneh, the Qenizzite, and Yehoshua son of Nun, for they have followed יהוה completely.’
13“So the displeasure of יהוה burned against Yisra’ĕl, and He made them wander in the wilderness forty years, until all the generation that had done evil in the eyes of יהוה was destroyed.
14“And see, you have risen in your father’s place, an increase of men, sinners, to add still more the burning displeasure of יהוה against Yisra’ĕl.
15For if you turn away from following Him, He shall once again leave them in the wilderness, and you shall destroy all these people.
16Then they came near to him and said, “Let us build sheep-enclosures here for our livestock, and cities for our little ones,
17but let us ourselves be armed, hastening before the children of Yisra’ĕl until we have brought them to their place. And our little ones shall dwell in the walled cities because of the inhabitants of the land.
18“We shall not return to our homes until every one of the children of Yisra’ĕl has received his inheritance.
19“For we shall not inherit with them on the other side of the Yardĕn and beyond, because our inheritance has fallen to us on this eastern side of the Yardĕn.”
20And Mosheh said to them, “If you make this promise: if you arm yourselves before יהוה for battle,
21and all your armed ones pass over the Yardĕn before יהוה until He has driven out His enemies from before Him,
22and the land has been subdued before יהוה, then afterward you shall return, and be guiltless before יהוה and before Yisra’ĕl. And this land shall be your possession before יהוה.
23“But if you do not do so, then see, you shall sin against יהוה, and know: your sin is going to find you out.
24“Build cities for your little ones and enclosures for your sheep, and do what you have promised.”
25And the children of Gaḏ and the children of Re’uḇĕn spoke to Mosheh, saying, “Your servants are going to do as my master commands.
26“Our little ones, our wives, our flocks, and all our livestock are going to be there in the cities of Gil‛aḏ,
27“but your servants are passing over, every armed one of the army, before יהוה, to battle, as my master says.
28And Mosheh gave command concerning them to El‛azar the priest, to Yehoshua son of Nun, and to the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Yisra’ĕl.
29And Mosheh said to them, “If the children of Gaḏ and the children of Re’uḇĕn pass over the Yardĕn with you, every man armed for battle before יהוה, and the land has been subdued before you, then you shall give them the land of Gil‛aḏ as a possession.
30But if they do not pass over armed with you, they shall have possessions among you in the land of Kena‛an.
31Then the children of Gaḏ and the children of Re’uḇĕn answered, saying, “As יהוה has said to your servants, so we do.
32We ourselves are passing over armed before יהוה into the land of Kena‛an, but the possession of our inheritance remains with us beyond the Yardĕn.
33So Mosheh gave to the children of Gaḏ, to the children of Re’uḇĕn, and to half the tribe of Menashsheh, son of Yosĕph, the reign of Siḥon sovereign of the Amorites and the reign of Oḡ sovereign of Bashan, the land with its cities within the borders, the cities of the land round about.
34And the children of Gaḏ built Diḇon and Ataroth and Aro‛ĕr,
35and Atroth, Shophan and Ya‛zĕr and Yoḡbehah,
36and Bĕyth Nimrah and Bĕyth Haran, walled cities, and enclosures for sheep.
37And the children of Re’uḇĕn built Ḥeshbon and El‛alĕh and Qiryathayim,
38Neḇo and Ba‛al Me‛on – the names being changed – and Shiḇmah. And they gave other names to the cities which they built.
39And the sons of Maḵir son of Menashsheh went to Gil‛aḏ and took it, and dispossessed the Amorites who were in it.
40So Mosheh gave Gil‛aḏ to Maḵir, son of Menashsheh, and he dwelt in it.
41And Ya’ir son of Menashsheh went and took its small towns, and called them Ḥawoth Ya’ir.
42And Noḇaḥ went and took Qenath and its villages, and he called it Noḇaḥ, after his own name.
Currently Selected:
:
Highlight
Share
Copy
Want to have your highlights saved across all your devices? Sign up or sign in
Copyright© 1993 – 2015 by the Institute for Scripture Research (ISR). All rights reserved.